Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou ( Chinese 鄭州市 / 郑州市 , Pinyin Zhèngzhōu Shì , W.-G. Chengchow Shih , obsolete after Stange Tschengtschau Schi , short 鄭 / 郑 , Zhèng ) is the capital of Henan Province in the People's Republic of China . Zhengzhou is a district-free city with an administrative area of 7,507 km² and 8,626,505 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2010) . The inner city is home to around 3.5 million inhabitants on its 500 km². Its center is about 20 kilometers south of the Yellow River (Huáng Hé). Zhengzhou is an important industrial city (cotton, glass, aluminum industry, mechanical engineering), it is a supra-regional transport hub (railroad, airport), a trade, finance and information center, a trade fair city and a cultural center with a large catchment area.

Administrative structure

At the county level, Zhengzhou is made up of six city districts , one county and five independent cities. These are:

Zhongyuan District ( 中原区 ), 195 km², 570,000 inhabitants (end of 2003), center, seat of the city government;
Erqi district ( 二七区 ), 159 km², 500,000 inhabitants;
District Guancheng the Hui ( 管城回族区 ) square kilometers 204, 320,000 inhabitants;
District Jinshui ( 金水区 ), 242 square kilometers, 780,000 inhabitants;
Shangjie District ( 上街区 ), 64 km², 140,000 inhabitants;
Huiji District ( 惠济区 ), 206 km², 150,000 inhabitants;
Zhongmu County ( 中牟县 ), 1,393 km², 690,000 inhabitants, capital: Chengguan Township (城关镇);
Xinzheng City ( 新郑市 ), 873 km², 630,000 inhabitants;
Dengfeng City ( 登封市 ), 1,220 km², 630,000 inhabitants;
Xinmi City ( 新密市 ), 1,001 km², 820,000 inhabitants;
Gongyi City ( 巩义市 ), 1,041 km², 790,000 inhabitants;
City Xingyang ( 荥阳市 ), 955 square kilometers, 650,000 inhabitants.

history

The modern city of Zhengzhou can look back on a history of many thousands of years. As early as the Neolithic period, the area of present-day Zhengzhou and its surroundings were populated by people with a highly developed artistic culture that lasted until around 7500 BC. Goes back to BC.

In addition, the archaeologists discovered a city from the Bronze Age (16th century BC) on the Zhengzhou area . It was a fortified capital of the Shang Dynasty . The Shanghai site of Zhengzhou has been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China since 1961 .

The city and its surroundings suffered greatly during the Second Sino-Japanese War between 1937 and 1945. In 1938, hoping to stop the Japanese troops, the Guomindang government decided to break the dikes of the Yellow River . As a result, an area of 54,000 km² was flooded. One million people drowned, and twelve million people later perished from starvation and disease.

Population development of the agglomeration according to the UN

year	population
1950	196,000
1960	315,000
1970	508,000
1980	818,000
1990	1,134,000
2000	2,438,000
2010	3,630,000
2017	4,754,000

Politics and administration

Town twinning

Zhengzhou has the following city partnerships:

city	country	since
Saitama	Japan Japan	1981
Richmond	United States United States	1994
Cluj-Napoca	Romania Romania	1995
Jinju	Korea South South Korea	2000
Mariental	Namibia Namibia	2001
Irbid	Jordan Jordan	2001
Samara	Russia Russia	2002
Joinville	Brazil Brazil	2003
Schwerin	Germany Germany	2006
Shumen	Bulgaria Bulgaria	2007
Mahiljou	Belarus Belarus	2014

Economy and Transport

Main building of Zhengzhou East Railway Station , 2016

According to a study from 2014, Zhengzhou generated a gross domestic product of 155.7 billion US dollars in purchasing power parity . In the ranking of the economically strongest metropolitan regions worldwide, the city took 85th place. The GDP per capita is $ 14,907 (PPP). The city employed 2 million people. At 8.9% annually in the period from 2009 to 2014, GDP per capita grew rapidly.

In 1954, Zhengzhou became the capital of Henan Province; In 1956, Zhengzhou University was founded. This led to explosive growth in the city. Zhengzhou is located in the middle of a large area with extensive cotton fields and has therefore become the center of the textile industry in China.

The provincial capital is a major transport hub in central-eastern China, an area of a few hundred million people. Thanks to the construction of the Beijing - Guangzhou railway line and the Shanghai - Xi'an - Ürümqi line , which was added later , the city experienced rapid development. Since 2010, Zhengzhou has been connected to the Xuzhou – Lanzhou high- speed line, on which speeds of up to 350 km / h are permitted. This high-speed line is one of the four east-west main routes of the Chinese high-speed program . With the Beijing – Guangzhou high-speed line , Zhengzhou has also been connected to a north-south thoroughfare since 2012, which can be traveled at 380 km / h. In terms of passenger transport, Zhengzhou was in second place behind the capital Beijing in terms of passengers in a Chinese comparison, and over 25 million journeys began or ended here.

Zhengzhou is home to the largest cargo handling station on the Asian-European rail link from Lianyungang through Central Asia to Rotterdam in the Netherlands . The North Railway Station of Zhenghzou ( Zhèngzhōu Běi Huǒchēzhàn , 郑州北火车站 ) is the largest freight and marshalling yard in Asia.

The Zhengzhou Commodities Exchange is the largest grain futures market in China.

The production facilities of Yutong , the world's largest bus manufacturer, are located in Zhengzhou . The city is also the headquarters of Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile Co, Ltd. , which manufactures Nissan and Dongfeng brand vehicles. This company became known mainly through its participation in various rallies.

The Zhengzhou airport is one of the 20 largest airports in China.

In 2009, the State Development and Reform Commission approved the construction of the Zhengzhou Subway . The first section of Line 1 was opened in December 2013. The long-term plans envisage a total of 21 lines with a total length of 970.9 kilometers, of which 13 lines should run in the city and 8 lines in the surrounding area. In addition to the four lines that have already been opened, eight more are under construction or planning as of summer 2019.

Climate table

Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Zhengzhou

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	5.6	7.8	14.2	21.3	27.4	32.0	32.1	30.8	26.3	21.3	14.0	7.6	O	20.1
Min. Temperature (° C)	-4.6	-2.5	2.6	9.1	14.6	19.8	22.8	21.7	16.0	9.9	3.1	-2.8	O	9.2

Precipitation ( mm )	9	14th	25th	48	52	61	147	117	90	47	26th	9	Σ	645

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	5.1	5.1	5.8	6.7	7.9	8.3	6.9	6.9	6.0	6.1	5.5	5.2	O	6.3

Rainy days ( d )	2	3	4th	5	5	5	9	7th	7th	5	3	2	Σ	57

Humidity ( % )	60	64	63	62	60	56	75	79	72	69	69	63	O	66

Source: wetterkontor.de

tourism

Zhengzhou serves as a good starting point to visit the Shaolin Monastery. In front of the main train station, some tour buses go towards the Shaolin monastery and mountain. From the Shaolin Monastery you can take various public buses to Luoyang .

sons and daughters of the town

Wei Wei (1920–2008), essayist and novelist
Deng Yaping (* 1973), table tennis player
Sun Tiantian (born 1981), tennis player
Gao Lin (born 1986), football player
Dong Dong (* 1989), trampoline gymnast
Li Xueying (* 1990), weightlifter

Web links

Commons : Zhengzhou - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Official Website (Chinese)

Individual evidence

↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
^ Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 30, 2018]).
^ Zhenhua Chen, Kingsley E. Haynes: Chinese Railways in the Era of High-Speed. Emerald Group, Bingley 2015, ISBN 978-1-78441-985-1 .
↑ 郑州市城市轨道交通第三期建设规划（2019-2024 年）. In: www.ndrc.gov.cn. State Development and Reform Commission, March 29, 2019, accessed July 22, 2019 (Chinese).
↑ Zhengzhou. In: www.urbanrail.net. Accessed July 22, 2019 .

[1] World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .

[2] Alan Berube, Jesus Leal Trujillo, Tao Ran, and Joseph Parilla: Global Metro Monitor . In: Brookings . January 22, 2015 ( brookings.edu [accessed July 30, 2018]).

[chen-3] Zhenhua Chen, Kingsley E. Haynes: Chinese Railways in the Era of High-Speed. Emerald Group, Bingley 2015, ISBN 978-1-78441-985-1 .

[ndrc2019-1-4] 郑州市城市轨道交通第三期建设规划（2019-2024 年）. In: www.ndrc.gov.cn. State Development and Reform Commission, March 29, 2019, accessed July 22, 2019 (Chinese).

[urbanrail-5] Zhengzhou. In: www.urbanrail.net. Accessed July 22, 2019 .