China Railway high-speed
China Railway High-Speed , CRH for short ( Chinese 中國 高速 鐵路 / 中国 高速 铁路 , Pinyin Zhōngguó Gāosù Tiělù ) is the name of the program for high-speed traffic in the People's Republic of China , which is subordinate to the Chinese state railway China Railways (CNR). It provides for both the construction of high-speed lines and the procurement of high-speed trains .
High-speed lines
The China Railway High-Speed program provided for the construction of 13,000 km of lines for speeds over 200 km / h by 2012, of which 5,000 km are to be traveled at speeds of up to 350 km / h. The majority are existing or to be expanded, only a relatively small part has to be built from scratch.
Beijing – Shanghai high-speed line
The 1318 km long high-speed line from Beijing to Shanghai has been in operation since June 30, 2011. It is the third longest high-speed line in the world after the Shanghai – Kunming and Beijing – Guangzhou connections and was built in just three years. Most of the route is on an elevated route that is supported by 29 bridges. Among them are the four longest bridges in the world: the Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge , the Tianjin Grand Bridge , the Great Bridge Cangzhou-Dezhou and the Great Bridge over the Huai He . At Nanjing , the high-speed line crosses the Yangtze River along with other lines on the more than nine kilometers long Dashengguan Bridge . The structure is considered to be the railway bridge with the longest span, the largest payload, the most routes and the most tracks in the world.
The high-speed line was designed for regular speeds of up to 380 km / h, which would reduce travel time from over 9 hours to under 4 hours. However, it is currently only driven at 300 km / h, so that a travel time of 4:48 hours is achieved. Because of a train accident with 40 deaths, the government limited the speed to about 300 kilometers per hour in 2011.
China is now planning to increase the speed of its super express trains between Beijing and Shanghai again to 350 kilometers per hour from September 2017. First tests of the new trains began in July 2017, as the Chinese news agency Xinhua reported.
In addition to the Beijing – Shanghai high-speed line, the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and the Shanghai-Nanjing high-speed line were created, which are often confused with the former. However, these routes are actually their own structures, which serve to relieve the Beijing – Shanghai high-speed route from traffic between the two city pairs. The speed of the trains has been reduced from the original 350 km / h to 300 km / h, which results in a travel time of around half an hour for both routes. The Shanghai – Nanjing high-speed line was in operation on August 2, 2008, before the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line. It is the oldest high-speed rail in China.
High-speed trains
The China Railway High-Speed program provided for the procurement of a thousand multiple units with a total of over ten thousand car bodies by 2012 .
The multiple units were initially given the designations CRH1 to CRH5 and a subsequent letter. The designation CRH4 was not used because the number 4 was left out as the unlucky number . It was later changed to names that h from the maximum speed of the train in km /, a continuous letter and optional letters L composed. With L all multiple units are referred to, consisting of 16 instead of 8-trailers.
The first four vehicle series are based on technology transfer from existing vehicle series from abroad that have been adapted for China. The CRH 380A was the first train to be entirely developed in China, using parts of the trains from technology transfer.
The CRH1 with Bombardier technology is approved for a top speed of 250 km / h. The CRH2 comes from the Shinkansen family from Japan and, depending on the further developed variant, reaches up to 380 km / h, the CRH3 from Siemens also reaches up to 350 km / h, the respective Chinese further developments up to 380 km / h and the CRH5 from Alstom 250 km / h. This has been specially developed for the winter temperatures in northern China. The CRH 380A reaches long-term cruising speeds of up to 380 km / h. However, the operating speed of all CRH trips has been reduced to 300 km / h after traveling 350 km / h; according to the Ministry of Railways transport, there are economic and not safety-related reasons.
The predecessor of this program was the China Star ( abbreviation : 中华 之 星 , Zhōnghuá zhī Xīng ). Only a prototype was made.
On December 3, 2010, a CRH380A reached a record speed for unmodified, conventional trains in a test drive of 486 km / h. The test drive took place on a section of the high-speed line between Beijing and Shanghai .
Overview of Chinese high-speed series
| designation | Top speed during test drives | permitted maximum speed | Seating capacity | formation | Power (below 25 kV) |
Start of operations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRH1A | 278 km / h | 250 | 611/645/668 | 5M3T | 5.3 MW | 2007 |
| CRH1B | 292 km / h | 250 | 1299 | 10M6T | 11.0 MW | 2009 |
| CRH1E | 250 | 618/642 | 10M6T | 11.0 MW | 2009 | |
| CRH2A | 282 km / h | 250 | 588/610 | 4M4T | 4.8 MW | 2007 |
| CRH2B | 275 km / h | 250 | 1230 | 8M8T | 9.6 MW | 2008 |
| CRH2C Stage 1 | 394.2 km / h | 300 | 610 | 6M2T | 7.2 MW | 2008 |
| CRH2C Stage 2 | 350 | 610 | 6M2T | 8.76 MW | 2010 | |
| CRH2E | 250 | 630 | 8M8T | 9.6 MW | 2008 | |
| CRH3C | 394.3 km / h | 350 | 556/600 | 4M4T | 8.8 MW | 2008 |
| CRH5A | 250 | 570/586/622 | 5M3T | 5.5 MW | 2007 | |
| CRH380A | 416.6 km / h | 380 | 494 | 6M2T | 9.6 MW | 2010 |
| CRH380AL | 486.1 km / h | 380 | 1027 | 14M2T | 20.44 MW | 2010 |
| CRH380B | 380 | 4M4T | 9.2 MW | 2011 | ||
| CRH380BL | 487.3 km / h | 380 | 1004 | 8M8T | 18.4 MW | 2010 |
| CRH380CL | 380 | 8M8T | 19.2 MW | 2013 | ||
| CRH380D | 380 | 495 | 4M4T | 10.0 MW | ||
| CRH380DL | 380 | 1013 | 8M8T | 20.0 MW | ||
| CRH6 | 220 | 586 | 4M4T | ~ 5 MW | 2013 |
Pictures of the multiple unit families
Train accident
The CRH's worst train accident occurred on July 23, 2011 in Shuangyu in Zhejiang Province on the Southeast Coastal PDL railway from Shanghai to Shenzhen , when two trains carrying a total of 1,400 passengers collided. After a lightning strike, the high-speed train D 3115 came to a standstill on a bridge in the open. The following train D 301, after having stopped for 25 minutes beforehand, joined the stationary train at 20:38. This train, consisting of a CRH1 multiple unit, was en route from Beijing to Fuzhou . Four cars of the approaching train fell 20 to 30 meters into the depth. According to press reports, at least 43 travelers were killed and around 210 people injured. This number has been corrected several times by the state media, most recently 40 deaths were reported.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tiroler Tageszeitung From September trains again at 350 km / h between Beijing and Shanghai , July 28, 2017
- ↑ Chinese train puts almost 500 km / h on the rails . Spiegel Online of December 3, 2010, accessed December 3, 2010.
- ↑ FAZ.net: Train accident in China: collision after a lightning strike
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung Train accident in China: collision on the bridge
- ^ Rail disaster in China. At least 35 dead in a train accident ( Memento from August 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), stern.de, July 24, 2011
- ↑ Horror over train accident, doubts about the prestige project ( memento of February 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), tagesschau.de, July 24, 2011
- ↑ Train accident leads to reflection in China ; China Radio International, July 29, 2011
