high speed train

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A high-speed train is a train used by rail traffic that reaches a maximum speed of at least 190 km / h and is therefore suitable for high-speed traffic. The vast majority of high-speed trains are used in long-distance traffic. Some short-distance trains are mainly used by commuters .

definition

There are different definitions of the minimum speed a train has to reach to be considered a high speed train and according to the International Union of Railways , European Union Directive 96/48 is a fairly broad definition. This guideline defined in 1996 that high-speed trains must reach around 200 km / h on specially built routes, at least 250 km / h on specially built routes and, in appropriate cases, over 300 km / h. The Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) of the European Union from 2002 adopted the directive, but excluded trains that travel around 200 km / h on lines specially built for high-speed trains. The amendment to the directive in 2004, according to which trains with a maximum speed of 190 km / h or higher are considered high-speed trains, was carried over by the new TSI from 2008. A high-speed train must be able to travel at least 250 km / h on a high- speed line. This speed is also indicated in the International Union of Railways leaflet on regulations in Europe.

description

Locomotives for high-speed traffic are predominantly electric . Drives using diesel engines or gas turbines have been tried out many times, but are the great exception due to their comparatively high power-to-weight ratio .

In order to achieve high speeds, a large drive power is installed, often close to 10,000 kW, and at the same time constructed using lightweight construction. The former has become easier than it used to be thanks to today's power electronics with frequency converters for three-phase asynchronous motors . The lightweight construction requires materials, construction methods and processes from the aviation industry . The “fuselage” of an Intercity-Express, like that of an airplane, is made by extrusion of light metals and with window panes glued in flush.

The trains, which are extremely powerful for their mass, are also able to negotiate much greater gradients than conventional trains. Pure high-speed routes can be laid out more freely, which helps to save construction costs. However, the power must also be delivered and safely transmitted even at the highest speeds, which in addition to special high-speed overhead lines (see below) also requires high-speed pantographs that are aerodynamically designed and as light as possible. Many ICE trains take their traction current from two pantographs (one at each end of the train), which requires precautions so that the contact wire vibrations emanating from the front bracket do not disturb the rear one.

In order to guarantee the climbing ability and to bring the high performance to the rails, more driven axles are usually provided than with a conventional electric train (exception is, for example, the ICE 2 , when the half trains are divided). Thus, to build a multiple unit , which has at both ends four to six driven axles, or equal to a railcar with Allachsantrieb in all ( Shinkansen ), or in each second carriage ( ICE 3 ).

Low air resistance and low wind noise also play an important role; the outer skin of the trains will be as smooth as possible, the car transitions as seamless as possible. The cable ends are in the wind tunnel tested, design ( design ) and marketing play an important role as high-speed trains are the flagship of the respective operators Group. As a rule, these are pressurized vehicles .

Almost most important, however, is the drive . There are high-speed trains with Jakobs bogies or conventional bogies , both designs have advantages and disadvantages. In any case, the drive should have a low unsprung mass and be very well cushioned. Today air suspension is used almost without exception , and roll dampers are also used.

In order to meet the safety requirements, powerful brakes are also required. Electric braking (with resistors and / or regenerative) on the drive axles is supplemented by disc brakes , magnetic rail brakes and, recently, eddy current brakes .

High-speed trains in regular service currently reach speeds of up to 350 km / h. The first train with this final speed went into operation in China at the end of December 2009 on a section of the Beijing – Hong Kong high-speed line between the cities of Wuhan and Guangzhou . The trains of the series CRH2 and CRH3 need three hours for the 1000 kilometer route. On June 30, 2011, the important 1318-kilometer high-speed Beijing – Shanghai line went into operation, which the new CRH 380A (also: Harmony Express , German: “Train of Harmony” ) travels in just under five and a half hours with five stops.

The purchase price of a high-speed train with 350 seats is given by the International Union of Railways at 20 to 25 million euros. The maintenance costs are around one million euros per year, with an annual mileage of around 500,000 kilometers. Higher operating costs are offset by higher income from (compared to conventional trains) about twice as high mileage and greater willingness to pay due to higher levels of comfort. According to this, between 13 and 15 trains are typically required to operate one hundred kilometers of high-speed lines . The values ​​vary between around six trains (USA) up to around 25 trains (France).

The speed record of 574.8 km / h is held by the V150, which is derived from the French TGV .

Development of high-speed traffic

The centers of development are Asia and Europe.

Number of active high-speed trains
Survey time V max worldwide Europe North America China Japan South Korea Taiwan
January 2008 1737 1050 20 ( USA ) 163 427 47 30th
Fall 2010 ≥ 250 km / h 2102 1243 20th 839 (Asia)
Spring 2012 ≥ 200 km / h 2777 1670 20th 1087 (Asia)

Long-haul trains with speeds of over 250 km / h are available in Europe between London and Marseille , Turin and Naples , as well as Barcelona and Málaga .

Manufacturer

The Chinese manufacturer CRRC has a global market share of 69% and dominates the markets outside of Europe. Other relevant providers are Japanese consortia ( Kawasaki , Hitachi ) with a world market share of 9% and the French manufacturer Alstom with a world market share of 8%. All other providers, u. a. the German Siemens group with a world market share of 3% are not (any longer) relevant according to a study by the railway consultancy SCI due to their low market importance.

Wheel sets, track gauges and wagon widths

Most high-speed trains use classic wheelsets with two wheels firmly pressed onto the wheelset shaft . An exception is the manufacturer Patentes Talgo , who uses idler wheel sets for the driveless cars , in which there is no torsionally rigid connection between the left and right wheels.

Most high-speed trains run on standard gauge , with the exception of Spain and Russia. In Spain operate under the names Alvia Intercity trains , which can run on existing routes in Iberian broad gauge , we can run on standard-gauge high-speed lines. The gauge change takes place during the passage at approx. 15 km / h by a lane change system . Russia uses high-speed trains that operate on the Russian broad gauge . India plans to build standard-gauge lines for the use of high-speed trains. China uses standard gauge, but sometimes uses car bodies that are wider than the European versions of the same train. Like the Velaro RUS , the Velaro CN from Siemens has car bodies with a width of 3265 mm instead of the 2924 mm common in Europe, which allows the arrangement of two seats on one side and three seats on the other side of the aisle.

List of high speed trains

The following rail-bound high-speed trains are all intended for a speed of at least 190 km / h in regular use.

Prototypes and measuring trains

The following trains were only built as single copies for test purposes or converted from series vehicles. These are trains that were not used in regular passenger transport, but were only used for testing or for route measurements.

Train type Operating
years (country)		 Company / operator / designer Vmax annotation
Three-phase - railcars 1903 ( Germany ) St.ES / Siemens & Halske 206 km / h experimental In September 1903, set the world record for rail vehicles on the St.ES test track
Three-phase - railcars 1903 ( Germany ) St.ES / AEG 210.3 km / h experimental set the world speed record for rail vehicles at the time on the St.ES test track in October 1903
Rail zeppelin 1930–1939 ( Germany ) Franz Kruckenberg 230 km / h experimental set the speed record for rail vehicles, which was not surpassed until 1955, in 1931
ADIF series 330 2000– ( Spain ) Talgo , Adtranz, Krauss-Maffei 330 km / h regular
359 km / h experimental 		Prototype of the AVE S-102 , used as a measuring train since 2003
ADIF series 355 / Talgo XXI 1998– ( Spain ) Talgo , Krauss-Maffei 220 km / h regular
256.4 km / h experimental 		Measuring train; set a speed record for diesel-powered multiple units on June 12, 2002.
CNR series DJJ2 2002–2006 ( China ) Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works 321.5 km / h
Doctor Yellow 1962- ( Japan ) various 270 km / h regular several measuring trains of different series
ICE S. 1996– ( Germany ) Siemens , Adtranz, AEG , DWA 330 km / h regular
393 km / h
440 km / h theoretical 		still in use as a measuring train, holds the speed record for rail vehicles in Switzerland and Austria
ICE V 1985–1998 (Germany) Siemens , AEG , BBC, Krauss-Maffei, Krupp , Thyssen Henschel 280 km / h regular
406.9 km / h 		set the speed record for the world's fastest rail vehicle in 1988
HSR-350x 2002-2006 ( South Korea ) Hyundai Rotem 352.4 km / h
Shinkansen series 1000 1962–1964 (Japan) JNR 256 km / h March 30, 1963 on test track (later Tōkaidō track)
Shinkansen class 951 1968–1979 (Japan) JNR 286 km / h February 24, 1972 on the San'yō route
Shinkansen class 961 1973–1990 (Japan) JNR 319 km / h December 7, 1979 on test track (later Tōhoku track)
Shinkansen class 962 1979–1983 (Japan) JNR Prototype of the 200 series
Shinkansen Series 500–900 Series (WIN350) 1992-1996 (Japan) JR West 350.4 km / h August 8, 1992 on the San'yō route, prototype of the 500 series
Shinkansen class 952/953 (STAR ​​21) 1 1992-1998 (Japan) JR East 425 km / h December 21, 1993 on the Jōetsu route
Shinkansen Series 955 (300X) 1995-2002 (Japan) JR Central 443 km / h June 26, 1996 on the Tōkaidō route
Shinkansen Series E954 ( FASTECH 360 S ) 2005-2009 (Japan) JR East 398 km / h E5 series prototype
Shinkansen Series E955 ( FASTECH 360 Z ) 2006-2008 (Japan) JR East 405 km / h (planned) E6 series prototype (mini Shinkansen type)
TGV A unit 325 1989–1990 ( France ) Alstom 515.3 km / h experimental modified and shortened unit from the series series, set the speed record for the world's fastest rail vehicle in 1990
TGV Iris 320 2006– ( France ) Alstom 320 km / h regular Measurement train, formerly TGV Réseau unit 4530
TGV V150 2007 (France) Alstom 574.8 km / h experimental Formed from parts of TGV POS unit 4402, set the current speed record for the world's fastest rail vehicle in 2007 (as of 2015)
Gröna Tåget 2005–2012 ( Sweden ) Bombardier 303 km / h experimental Concept train without a planned series
Bombardier JetTrain 2000-2003 ( USA ) Bombardier 251 km / h experimental Test vehicle without a planned series

In 1903, two test vehicles of the German study society for electric express trains passed the 200 km / h mark shortly after each other on the St. ES test route Marienfelde - Zossen .

  • St. ES railcar type Siemens & Halske, 1903

  • AEG type ES railcar, 1903

  • German rail zeppelin from 1931

On September 3, 2000, the Lanjian ("blue arrow"), a train designed for speeds of up to 305 km / h, was presented in the workshops of the Zhuzhou locomotive factory in Changsha . The unit, comprising a powered end car (4800 kilowatts), five medium-sized cars and a control car, was to be used in passenger service between Guangzhou and Shenzen from 2001. A total of eight multiple units were ordered for this. (The current status of the implementation is not known here.)

Current high-speed trains

All high-speed trains that are currently in use or that are currently completing their acceptance runs are listed here. (As of January 2019)

Central Europe

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
ČD series 680 "Pendolino" Czech Republic Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 230 km / h 237 km / h 2004
EC250 (Giruno) Switzerland , Germany , Italy Stadler Rail 250 km / h 275 km / h
(acceptance test for approval) 		2017
IC2000 Switzerland Schindler wagon 200 km / h 220 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		1997
ICE 1 (series 401) Germany , Switzerland Siemens , ABB , AEG , Krauss-Maffei , Krupp , Thyssen Henschel 280 km / h 328 km / h
(acceptance test for approval) 		1991
ICE 2 (series 402) Germany Siemens, Adtranz 280 km / h 310 km / h
(acceptance test for approval) 		1996
ICE 3 ( series 403 , series 406 ) Germany, Netherlands , Belgium , France , Switzerland Siemens, Bombardier 330 km / h 369.4 km / h
(acceptance test for approval) 		1999
ICE 3 / Velaro D ( series 407 ) Germany, France, Belgium Siemens 320 km / h 357 km / h
(acceptance test for approval) 		2013
ICE 4 Germany, Switzerland Siemens 250 km / h 275 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2017–2025 (12-part variant)
2020–2025 (7- and 13-part variant)
ICE T Germany, Austria Siemens, Bombardier,
(1st series: Fiat Ferroviaria 2nd series: Alstom ) 		230 km / h 255 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		1998
ICN Switzerland Adtranz, later Bombardier and Alstom 200 km / h 220 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2000
KISS (version WESTbahn) Austria Stadler Rail 200 km / h 220 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2011
Metropolitan Express Train (MET) Germany Vehicle technology Dessau 220 km / h 242 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		1999
PKP series ED250 "Pendolino" Poland Alstom 250 km / h 293 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2014
Railjet Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary , Switzerland, Italy Siemens 230 km / h 275 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2008
Class 102 locomotive with Škoda push-pull sets Germany Škoda 190 km / h 210 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2019
SŽ series 310 Slovenia Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 200 km / h 220 km / h
(acceptance test for registration) 		2000

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** minimum speed that can be achieved for approval drives (regular speed + 10%) or absolute maximum speed in test / presentation drives without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Scandinavia

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
NSB Type 71 (Flytoget) Norway ADtranz (today Bombardier) 210 km / h ? 1997
NSB Type 73 (Krengetog) Norway , Sweden ADtranz (today Bombardier) 210 km / h ? 1999
NSB Type 74 - Type 76 Norway Stadler Rail 200 km / h ? 2012
NSB Type 78 (Oaris) Norway CAF 250 km / h 250 km / h 2018
VR series Sm3 Finland Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 220 km / h 248 km / h 1995
VR series Sm6 Finland, Russia Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 220 km / h 2010
X2 Sweden , Denmark ABB ( Västerås ), Kalmar Verkstad ( Kalmar ) 200 km / h 276 km / h *** 1990
X3 (Arlanda Express) Sweden Alstom 200 km / h ? 1999
X40 Sweden Alstom 200 km / h ? 2004
X50, X51, X52, X53 and X54 "Regina" Sweden , Norway Bombardier 200 km / h 303 km / h *** 2000
MTR X74 Sweden Stadler Rail 200 km / h ? 2015
ER1 Sweden Stadler Rail 200 km / h ? 2019
*   regular maximum speed (Swedish-Norwegian ATC allows +4 km / h and with warning message +9 km / h)
** The   minimum speed to be achieved for licensing runs (regular speed + 10%) or absolute maximum speed in test / presentation runs without special modifications to the train
***   Top speed in test / presentation drives with special modifications to the train
?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Great Britain, France, Benelux

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
British class 373 / Eurostar London - Paris / Brussels Alstom 300 km / h 334 km / h 1993
British class 390 "Pendolino" United Kingdom Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 200 km / h 225 km / h 2002
British Class 395 "Javelin" United Kingdom Hitachi 225 km / h 252 km / h 2007
Eurostar 320 United Kingdom, France , Belgium , Netherlands Siemens 320 km / h 320 km / h 2017
HST (InterCity 125) (Diesel) United Kingdom BREL 200 km / h 238 km / h 1976
InterCity 225 United Kingdom BREL, GEC Alsthom (now Alstom ) 225 km / h 262 km / h 1988
TGV Atlantique France ( LGV Atlantique ) Alstom 300 km / h ? 1989
TGV duplex France, Germany, Switzerland Alstom 320 km / h ? 1995
TGV POS France, Germany ( LGV Est ) , Switzerland Alstom 320 km / h ? 2008
TGV Réseau
(Thalys PBA) 		France
( Paris - Brussels - Amsterdam ) 		Alstom 320 km / h ? 1991
TGV Sud-Est France ( LGV Sud-Est ) Alstom 270 km / h  (original)
300 km / h  (upgrade) 		? 1981
Thalys (PBKA) Paris - Brussels - Cologne / Amsterdam Alstom 300 km / h 330 km / h 1997

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** minimum speed that can be achieved for approval drives (regular speed + 10%) or absolute maximum speed in test / presentation drives without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Southern Europe

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
CP series 4000 "Alfa Pendular" Portugal Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 220 km / h 266 km / h 1998
ETR 450 Italy Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 250 km / h ? 1987
ETR 460 , ETR 480 "Pendolino" Italy Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 250 km / h ? 1993
ETR 470 "Cisalpino" Italy, Switzerland Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom) 200 km / h ? 1993, 1996-2015 (SBB)
ETR 500 Italy Alstom, Bombardier, AnsaldoBreda 300 km / h 351 km / h 1992
ETR 575 (AGV) Italy ( Turin - Salerno ) Alstom 300 km / h 360 km / h 2012
ETR 600 Italy Alstom 250 km / h ? 2007
ETR 610 Italy, Switzerland Alstom 250 km / h ? 2007
ETR1000 Italy ( Turin - Salerno ) AnsaldoBreda, Bombardier 300 km / h 400 km / h 2015
RENFE series 100 Spain ( Madrid - Seville ) Alstom 300 km / h 357 km / h 1992
RENFE series 102 and 112 ( Talgo 350 ) Spain (Madrid– Málaga ) Talgo , Bombardier 330 km / h 365 km / h 2005
RENFE series 103 / Velaro E Spain (Madrid – Barcelona) Siemens 350 km / h 404 km / h 2006
RENFE series 104 Spain Alstom, CAF 250 km / h ? 2005
RENFE series 114 Spain Alstom, CAF 250 km / h ? 2009
RENFE series 120 and 121 Spain CAF, Alstom 250 km / h ? 2006
RENFE series 130 / Talgo 250 Spain Talgo, Bombardier 250 km / h ? 2007
RENFE series 490 Spain Alstom, Fiat 220 km / h ? 1998
RENFE series 730 / Talgo 250H Spain Talgo, Bombardier 250 km / h ? 2012

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** minimum speed that can be achieved for approval drives (regular speed + 10%) or absolute maximum speed in test / presentation drives without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

People's Republic of China, India, Southeast Asia

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
CRH1A, CRH1B and CRH1E China Bombardier 250 km / h ? 2007
CRH2A, CRH2B and CRH2E ( Shinkansen Series E2-1000 ) China Kawasaki Heavy Industries / Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock 250 km / h 341 km / h 2006  (A, B, E)
2008 (C)
CRH2C (Shinkansen platform) China Kawasaki Heavy Industries / Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock 350 km / h (CRH2C)
380 km / h (CRH2C-380) 		? 2007
CRH3A China Siemens 250 km / h ? 2013
CRH3C / Velaro CN China Siemens / Tangshan Railway Vehicle 380 km / h 487.3 km / h 2008
CRH380A China China South Locomotive & Rolling Stock Corporation Limited 380 km / h 486.1 km / h 2010
CRH380B and CRH380BL China Tangshan Railway Vehicles / Changchun Railway Vehicles 380 km / h ? 2011
CRH380CL China Changchun Railway Vehicles / Hitachi 380 km / h ? 2013
CRH5 / Pendolino China Alstom 250 km / h ? 2006
CRH6 China Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works 180/250 km / h ? 2013

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Japan, Korea, Taiwan

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
KTX-I (series 10) South Korea Alstom, Hyundai Rotem 300 km / h ? 2004
KTX-II (series 11 "Sancheon" and 12 "Honam") South Korea Hyundai Rotem 330-360 km / h 352 km / h 2010
KTX-III South Korea Red 350 km / h 430 km / h 2018
Shinkansen class 100 Japan ( Osaka - Hakata ) Nippon Sharyo , Kawasaki HI , Hitachi , Kinki Sharyo , Tokyu Sharyo 230 km / h 277 km / h 1985
Shinkansen class 200 Japan ( Tokyo - Niigata / Morioka ) Nippon Sharyo, Hitachi, Kawasaki HI, Tokyu 240 km / h 276 km / h 1982
Shinkansen 300 series Japan ( Tokyo - Osaka - Hakata ) Nippon Sharyo, Hitachi, Kawasaki HI, Kinki Sharyo 270 km / h 325.7 km / h 1992
Shinkansen 500 series Japan (Osaka – Hakata) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 300 km / h 365 km / h 1997
Shinkansen Series 700 Japan (Tokyo – Osaka – Hakata) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo 285 km / h 339 km / h 1999
Shinkansen Series 700T Taiwan ( Taipei - Kaohsiung ) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 300 km / h 315 km / h 2007
Shinkansen Series 800 Japan (Hakata– Kagoshima ) Hitachi 260 km / h 285 km / h 2004
Shinkansen series E1 Japan ( Tokyo - Niigata ) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 240 km / h ? 1994
Shinkansen series E2 Japan (Tokyo– Aomori / Nagano ) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI, Nippon Sharyo, Tokyu Car 275 km / h 362 km / h 1997
Shinkansen series E3 Japan (Tokyo– Shinjō / Akita ) Kawasaki HI, Tokyu Car 275 km / h 340 km / h 1997
Shinkansen series E4 Japan ( Tokyo - Sendai / Niigata ) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 240 km / h ? 1997
Shinkansen series E5 Japan (Tokyo – Aomori) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 320 km / h 388 km / h 2009
Shinkansen series E6 Japan (Tokyo – Akita) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI 320 km / h 388 km / h 2010
Shinkansen class N700 Japan (Tokyo – Osaka – Hakata, Osaka – Hakata – Kagoshima) Hitachi, Kawasaki HI, Nippon Sharyo 300 km / h 360 km / h 2007

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Russia, Middle East and Central Asia

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
Afrosiyob / Talgo 250 Uzbekistan ( Tashkent - Samarqand ) Talgo , Ingeteam 250 km / h ? 2011
Haramain Saudi Arabia Talgo 300 km / h ? km / h 2018
Sapsan / Velaro RUS Russia Siemens 250 km / h 292 km / h 2009
Strizh ; Стриж Russia Talgo 200 km / h ? 2015
TCDD series HT65000 Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları ) Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles 300 km / h ? 2009
TCDD series HT80000 Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları ) Siemens 300 km / h 330 km / h 2015

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Africa, America, Australia, New Zealand

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** Commissioning (commercial)
Acela Express USA ( Northeast Corridor ) Bombardier 240 km / h 265 km / h 2000
Al Boraq Morocco Alstom 320 km / h 357 km / h 2018

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

Former high-speed trains

The following trains have been taken out of service or the project has been discontinued.

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** (commercial) commissioning Decommissioning
BR class 370 ( APT ) UK ( London - Glasgow ) British Rail 200 km / h 249 km / h 1981 1986
ЭР200 Russia Riga wagon factory 200 km / h ? 1974 2009
ЭС250 (ES250, Sokol ) Russia 250 km / h ? 1997 2006 (project discontinued)
ICE TD (diesel) Germany , Denmark, Switzerland Siemens, Bombardier 200 km / h 222 km / h 2001 2017 (passenger deployment ended, one unit still in use as a train laboratory)
RENFE series 101 Spain ( Barcelona - Alicante ) Alstom 220 km / h 254 km / h 1997 2009 (converted into RENFE series 100 )
RENFE series 490 Spain Alstom , Fiat Ferroviaria 220 km / h ? 1998 2014
Shinkansen class 0 Japan Nippon Sharyo, Kawasaki HI, Kinki Sharyo, Kisha, Hitachi 220 km / h 235 km / h 1964 2008
Shinkansen 400 series Japan ( Tokyo - Shinjō ) Kawasaki HI 240 km / h 345.8 km / h 1990 2010
AnsaldoBreda V250 ( Fyra ) Belgium / Netherlands AnsaldoBreda 250 km / h ? 2012 2013
(unnamed trains of the TEE Rail Alliance ) Germany , Austria , Switzerland - 200 to 230 km / h - - -

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

High-speed trains in planning

The following high-speed trains are currently (as of April 2019) in planning, under development or under construction.

Surname operation area Manufacturer v max * v max ** (planned) commissioning
Avril Spain Talgo 330 km / h 363 km / h 2021
Cobra Argentina Alstom 320 km / h ? Procurement project for the future

 *  regular maximum speed
 ** absolute maximum speed without special modifications to the train
 ?  no absolute maximum speed recorded

In the United States, four pre-series high-speed trains are to be procured for California High-Speed ​​Rail and the Northeast Corridor (status: 2014).

literature

  • Hubert Hochbruck: high-speed vehicles . In: Railway technical review . Volume 64, Issue 5, p. 14-27 .
  • Eberhard Jänsch: Mixed traffic on new lines . In: Railway technical review . Volume 64, Issue 5, p. 28-32 .
  • Yuanfei Shi, Peter Mnich: Chinese HGV / IC traffic at "reasonable" operating speeds . In: Railway technical review . Volume 64, Issue 5, p. 34-43 .

Web links

Commons : bullet train  album containing pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: high-speed train  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ General definitions of high speed. International Union of Railways , April 12, 2013, accessed May 4, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Council Directive 96/48 / EC of July 23, 1996 on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system , accessed on May 5, 2014
  3. ↑ The trans-European high-speed rail system - Guide to the application of the TSIs for the high-speed rail system according to Council Directive 96/48 / EC . Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 2004, ISBN 92-894-6300-7 , p. 15/16 (17/18) ( online [PDF; 525 kB ; accessed on May 10, 2014]). The trans-European high-speed rail system - Guide to the application of the TSI for the high-speed rail system according to Council Directive 96/48 / EC ( Memento of 16 May 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Decision of the Commission of February 21, 2008 on the technical specification for the interoperability of the “rolling stock” subsystem of the trans-European high-speed rail system , accessed on January 18, 2014
  5. ↑ High-speed Europe - a sustainable link between citizens . Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg 2010, ISBN 978-92-79-13620-7 ( europa.eu [PDF; 7.3 MB ; accessed on May 10, 2014]).
  6. ↑ Provisions to ensure the technical compatibility of high-speed trains . 2nd Edition. Leaflet 660. UIC, 2002, ISBN 2-7461-0214-5 ( online [accessed May 10, 2014]). Provisions to ensure the technical compatibility of high-speed trains ( Memento of May 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ^ John Glover: Global insights into high speed rail . In: Modern Railways . tape 66 , no. 734 , 2009, ISSN  0026-8356 , p. 64-69 (English).
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i High speed rail - Fast track to sustainable mobility . International Union of Railways, Paris February 2008, p. 12 f . (28-page brochure).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g High speed rail - Fast track to sustainable mobility . International Union of Railways, 2012, ISBN 978-2-7461-1887-4 ( online [PDF; 15.5 MB ; accessed on May 7, 2014] Biennial Report). High speed rail - Fast track to sustainable mobility ( Memento from May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g High speed rail - Fast track to sustainable mobility . International Union of Railways, 2010, ISBN 978-2-7461-1887-4 ( online [PDF; 4,3 MB ; accessed on May 7, 2014]). High speed rail - Fast track to sustainable mobility ( Memento from May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ China's express trains threaten the future of ICE and TGV. In: The world . August 5, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Yunfan Wei: tracking control of an actively steered wheel pair for trams . S. 14 ( kit.edu ).
  13. ^ Alberto García Álvarez: Automatic track gauge changeover for trains in Spain . September 2010, p. 11 ( 81.47.175.201 [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Arunendra Kumar: High Speed Rail Project in India from Mumbai to Ahmedabad . S. 2 (English, ihra-hsr.org [PDF]).
  15. ↑ Alex, er Nazarov, Oleg Nazarov, Marion Protze: Broad-gauge Velaro fleet relaunches Russia's high speed programs. November 1, 2006, accessed April 13, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Kai Mudra: ICE speeds through the Thuringian Forest at 330 km / h. October 13, 2016, accessed on June 29, 2020 (German).
  17. ↑ JR East: FASTECH 360 新 幹線 電車 用 駆 動 装置 ・ 集 電 装置東洋 電機 技 報 No. 114. (PDF; 264 KiB) In: Toyo Denki. September 2006, archived from the original on June 3, 2013 ; accessed in September 2006 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.toyodenki.co.jp
  18. ↑ SJs lokförare jumping 300 kilometer intervals. SJ AB , archived from the original on July 23, 2014 ; Retrieved November 3, 2013 (Swedish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sj.se
  19. ↑ New generation of locomotives for Chinese railways . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 11 , 2000, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 511 .
  20. ^ Corrigenda and addendum . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 12 , 2000, ISSN  1421-2811 , p. 549 .
  21. ↑ New ICE 407 on a test drive at 357 km / h. zi communications inc, archived from the original on December 28, 2013 ; accessed on June 27, 2014 .
  22. ↑ SJs lokförare jumping 300 kilometer intervals. (No longer available online.) SJ, archived from the original on July 23, 2014 ; Retrieved November 3, 2013 (Swedish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sj.se
  23. ↑ a b CRH380B and CRH380BL high-speed train in China (accessed June 2, 2014)
  24. ↑ a b Record speed of a high-speed train (accessed on June 2, 2014)
  25. ^ Intelligence market . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 171 , no. 1 , 2015, ISSN  0373-5346 , p. 16 f . ( railwaygazette.com ).