Salerno

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Salerno (disambiguation) .

Salerno
Country	Italy
region	Campania
province	Salerno  (SA)
Coordinates	40 ° 41 '  N , 14 ° 46'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 41 '0 "  N , 14 ° 46' 0"  E
height	4  m slm
surface	58.96 km²
Residents	132,702 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	2,251 inhabitants / km²
Factions	Fuorni, Giovi, Matierno, Ogliara, Pastorano, Rufoli, Sant'Angelo, Sordina
Post Code	84121-84135
prefix	089
ISTAT number	065116
Popular name	Salernitani
Patron saint	Evangelist Matthew (September 21)
Website	Salerno
View of Salerno

The Salerno waterfront

Salerno (German also Salern ), in ancient times Latin Salernum , is a port city on the Gulf of Salerno , in southern Italy. The first settlement took place in the ninth century BC. Instead of. The name of the city goes back to the Roman colony and the Salernum military camp . Today Salerno is the capital of the province of Salerno in Campania and has been a university city since 1970 . In the years after the Second World War, Salerno developed into a large city and currently has 132,702 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

Already in ancient times the port of Salernos was an important trading center beyond its military function. In the Middle Ages there were trade relations with Sicily and North Africa; Salerno has been the seat of the archbishop since 983 and the city's medical school is famous as the first college or "university" of the European Middle Ages. In modern times, the onset of industrialization brought about an upswing. The port's global container handling continues to be significant.

Outstanding buildings are the Castello di Arechi , some of which dates back to Norman times, and the cathedral with its mighty tower. Here is the burial place of Saint Gregory VII and maybe that of the Evangelist Matthew .

geography

location

Salerno is a coastal city on the Tyrrhenian Sea . To the west-southwest of Salerno lies the Amalfi coast , which is part of the Sorrento peninsula ; the northern coast of this peninsula borders the Gulf of Naples from the south. South-southeast of Salerno is the valley and estuary of the Sele River , which rises on Monte Paflagone and flows into the sea about 23 kilometers south of Salerno. South-southeast of this plain is the Cilento area . Its coast, the coast of the named plain and the Amalfi coast enclose the Gulf of Salerno ; the city is therefore at its northern end.

climate

The climatic conditions of Salerno correspond to the Mediterranean Mediterranean climate . Summer temperatures can easily reach 35 ° C, with the cooler sea air of the Gulf of Salerno generally making for lower temperatures and stormy weather. The winters in Salerno are rather mild with temperatures averaging 10 ° C.

City structure

There are four urban areas: the center, the east, Rioni Collinari and Irno. Salerno is a typical “southern European city”: its urban area flows seamlessly into the rural.

history

Antiquity

Pre-Roman times

The first settlements in the area around Salerno date back to the time between the 9th and 6th centuries BC. Occupied. During this time the Oscar-Etruscan town of Irna was founded in what is now the Fratte district. This settlement was an important starting point for Etruscan trade with the Greek colonies of Posidonia and Elea . As a result of the Battle of Cumae (474 BC), as a result of which the Etruscans were pushed back, the place became part of the Syracusan sphere of influence. Around 420 BC BC Cumae was conquered by the Samnites and Irna was also occupied by the victors.

Roman time

With the Roman expansion in Campania , Irna began to lose its importance and was displaced by the Roman colony Salernum (founded in 194 BC with a military camp ). The new place gradually lost its military function in favor of its role as a trading center. Salernum was connected to Rome by the Via Popilia . The Roman Salernum reached its greatest extent in Constantinian times (approx. 8000 inhabitants on an area of ​​27 hectares).

Late antiquity

During the period of the Gothic Wars (532–552), rulership over Salerno changed several times between the Goths and the Eastern Romans. However, Gothic families continued to live in the city even after the final victory of the Byzantines , as evidenced by the grave of a Gothic girl who died in 566 under the church of San Pietro a Corte .

middle Ages

Early middle ages

The exact date of the Lombard conquest is not known. In the course of the expansion of the Longobards to northern, central and southern Italy, the Longobard dux (Duke) Zotto 571 established the Duchy of Benevento with the city of Benevento as its capital. Salerno became part of this duchy.

Ruins of the Castello di Arechi in Salerno

During the reign of Duke Arichis II of Benevento (758–787), many structural measures were undertaken. These construction activities actually represented a re-establishment of Salernos and contributed to the resurgence of the city. Among other things, the city walls were expanded and a prince's palace was built.

With the advance of the Franks into the Longobard Empire, the independence of the Duchy of Benevento seemed to be in danger. Arichis therefore looked for a princely seat where he was less exposed to the threatening danger from the Franks and decided on Salerno. In addition to the geographically wider and safer distance to the Franconian Empire , the direct location on the Gulf of Salerno and the associated access to the Mediterranean were also decisive for Arichis' decision. The Benevento prince hoped that the proximity to the sea would create closer ties to the Eastern Roman Empire , as the Byzantine emperors were allies in the fight against the Franks. The good infrastructure between Salerno and the most relevant cities of the duchy was also a reason.

Salerno, the capital in southern Italy (1100)

After the conquest of the Lombard kingdom by Charlemagne in 774, Arichis II formally recognized the Frankish supremacy and the Principality of Benevento remained autonomous. Arichis assumed the title of princeps and ruled with royal power. In the course of time Salerno became the sole capital of the Principality of Benevento. The immigration of many families of the Lombard nobility and aristocracy increased the city's prestige. Due to the gain in prestige and the establishment of Salerno as the capital, the aristocracy in Benevento, previously endowed with political power and political weight, felt disadvantaged and an irreconcilable conflict between the nobles of Salernos and those of Benevento resulted.

This conflict ultimately led to the division of the principality. In 849, Louis of Italy approved this division. The two independent principalities of Salerno and Benevento emerged. The Principality of Salerno got the territories of Taranto , Southern Lucania and the Tyrrhenian areas from the border of the Duchy of Spoleto to Cosenza . The division, and consequently independence, was an important event and a fundamental change for Salerno, which was now the hub of a vast territory. Thanks to the steady influx of noble families, who built houses, churches and monasteries in the city, the urbanization of Salerno and the surrounding area was promoted.

In the middle of the 9th century there was a process of disempowerment within the Principality of Salerno. The Counts of Capua strove for power and finally ousted the Princeps Guaimarius (Waimar). In the reign of Atenulf (887–910) they also took possession of the Principality of Benevento. Furthermore, in the next decades there were conquests of the Saracens and Salerno lost the areas of Tarento, Matera and Acerenza, which were later under Byzantine rule. Groups of looting Saracens, who were often paid for by various regional Campanian princes, attacked Salerno several times since the middle of the 9th century.

High Middle Ages

At the turn of the millennium, the destroyed trade flourished again. While Venice rose in western Genoa and the Adriatic-eastern Mediterranean , Amalfi and Salerno developed remarkable trade with Muslim Sicily and North Africa. In the Levant trade centers emerged after the conquests of the Crusaders.

Early modern age

The princes of Sanseverino and the conflicts with the Spanish rulers

Coat of arms of the Sanseverino family

As part of the Kingdom of Naples , the fate of Salerno was closely linked to that of Naples. In the 15th century, the city was the scene of the conflict between the Anjou and Aragón houses . After the victory of the Aragon and the elevation of Alfonso V of Aragón to Alfonso I of Naples in 1441, Salerno was under Spanish rule and fell to Roberto Sanseverino , who had supported the Spanish. The princes of Sanseverino subsequently united political and administrative power in Salerno and were able to bring about an economic and cultural boom, which also included the revival of the medical school . This upswing did not last long, however, and Roberto Sanseverino's son and successor, Antonello , took part in the so-called “conspiracy of the barons” against Ferdinand I of Aragon , which opposed the increasing centralization efforts of the Kingdom of Naples and the associated loss of importance Feudal lords turned. Antonello Sanseverino had to flee to France and returned to Italy in 1495 with the troops of the French King Charles VIII .

In the 16th century the conflict with Spanish rule continued and should continue to have negative effects for Salerno: Ferrante Sanseverino , Antonello's grandson and last "principe di Salerno", opposed the Spanish Inquisition. This led to a conflict with the Spanish rulers and finally to the exile of Sanseverino in 1552, who lived in France until his death. The Sanseverini were expropriated and their property was given away or sold to other princes. The conflict was not without consequences for Salerno and marked the beginning of a phase of decline for the city, which would continue until the end of Spanish and French rule in the 18th century.

In 1544 Salerno was almost the victim of an attack by the Ottoman corsair Khair ad-Din Barbarossa . This was in the service of the Ottoman Empire , which at that time had an informal alliance with France ("unholy alliance"). As part of this alliance, which had the aim of causing the greatest possible damage to the Spanish rulers, Khair ad-Din had already sacked Elba , Procida and Ischia at the beginning of 1544 . On June 27th he gathered his fleet in the Gulf of Salerno to ambush and pillage Salerno and Amalfi . The people of Salerno fled to the surrounding mountains or armed themselves. However, due to strong winds that made it impossible for the pirates to attack, Salerno was spared. In gratitude for this, the city's patron, the evangelist Matthew , to whom the population had prayed for salvation, was included in the city's coat of arms.

Ippolito di Pastina and the decline of the city in the 17th century

Print of the view of Salernos from the 17th century

In the 17th century, however, the decline of Salerno continued. After the expulsion of Ferrante Sanseverino and the fragmentation of local power, the Spaniards in Salerno, as in the rest of the Kingdom of Naples, raised taxes to finance a war against France. After a Spanish edict set high taxes on grain and fruit in January 1647, an uprising in Naples under the leadership of the fisherman Tommaso Masaniello spread to other cities in the summer of that year. From July 11, 1647 residents of Salernos plundered the homes of wealthy and noble families; the number of rebels there grew rapidly under their leader Ippolito di Pastina . Salerno was fiercely fought between the insurgents, who were supported by French troops, and Spanish troops in the period that followed. Pastina and the French troops were expelled after the end of the Republic of Naples in April 1648 and failed in an attempt to retake Salerno.

In the second half of the 17th century, the city was shaken by several disasters. In 1656 the "Great Plague " raged in Salerno as in large parts of southern Italy , then on June 5, 1688 and again in 1694, severe earthquakes unfolded their destructive effects. Reconstruction took decades as the population had shrunk to a few thousand and many buildings had been destroyed.

Reconstruction of the city in the 18th century and situation in the Napoleonic era

Due to the political developments in Europe, the Kingdom of Naples came under Habsburg control after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), during which southern Italy was occupied, and the subsequent peace treaties of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714). The phase of Austrian rule over the Kingdom of Naples (and from 1720 also over the Kingdom of Sicily) did not last long, however, and Naples and Sicily came under the control of the Spanish Bourbons in 1735 as part of the Peace of Vienna .

As part of the tax policy of the Spanish King Charles III. a census was carried out in 1755 to collect taxpayers ( Catasto onciario ). For Salerno this census showed around 10,000 inhabitants in 1,500 households, as well as 639 foreigners.

Under the influence of the Enlightenment , the reconstruction of Salerno was intensified in the second half of the 18th century and the churches and mansions that characterize the historic city center were restored.

During the Napoleonic era, Salerno fought against French troops as part of the Kingdom of Naples in the First and Second Coalition Wars . When the defeat loomed, King Ferdinand IV , son of Charles III, fled to Sicily, which remained under his rule after the conquest by Napoleonic troops. In the course of the Enlightenment, there had already been discussions in the bourgeois and aristocratic elites of Naples about a republican form of government, so that on January 22, 1799 the Neapolitan Republic was proclaimed. The former Kingdom of Naples thus became the daughter republic of France and a provisional government was set up under French control.

The Neapolitan Republic only existed for a short time and the troops loyal to the king, together with a peasant militia and a Russian expeditionary corps, succeeded in retaking Naples, which was abandoned by the French troops on May 7, 1799 and thus became a kingdom again. The Republicans who tried to defend Naples finally surrendered to free withdrawal between June 19 and 23, 1799. Horatio Nelson did not accept this surrender, however, and numerous Republicans were persecuted, convicted and hanged.

In the third coalition war, Ferdinand again turned against France, which after the defeat of the Neapolitan troops in the Battle of Campo Tenese led to his expulsion to Sicily and the installation of Emperor Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Naples. This was replaced by Joachim Murat two years later .

Ferdinand was able to stay in Sicily during this time, but was forced to maintain power against his will by establishing a constitution and electing a parliament . After the reconquest of Naples in 1815, he was able, with international approval, to unite the kingdoms of Sicily and Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , which lasted until 1861.

In the 19th century

Salerno at the end of the 19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, Naples and Salerno were the centers of the Carbonari , one of the secret societies that campaigned for Italian unification. While they had backed King Ferdinand during the Napoleonic era, in 1820 they demanded the implementation of the Spanish constitution of 1812 with broad support from Ferdinand's population . The uprising was put down and members of the Carbonari were persecuted.

The region around Naples also played an important role in the Risorgimento in the advancing 19th century. A large part of the population supported the efforts to unite Italy, which was brought about in 1861 after several wars in referendums. Salerno was the third province in this process to vote in a referendum for membership.

The population of Salerno had increased again to well over 20,000 people by 1860, and increasing industrialization led to further geographical and economic growth of the city only late. The first textile factory opened in the city in 1830, and other companies quickly settled in this sector, so that in 1877 Salerno, with 10,000 employees in 21 factories , had overtaken Turin (4,000 employees), which at that time was the center of Italian industrialization .

From the 20th century

Salerno is not located in the "Italian quadrangle" in the central Mediterranean, which was important for Italian foreign policy in the first half of the 20th century, and which only touches the Tyrrhenian Sea slightly.

During the Second World War , the Allies landed in Italy south of Salerno in 1943 . This was preceded by Italy's departure from the fascist alliance ( Axis or Anti-Comintern Pact ) in July and the armistice on September 8th.

A building boom began in the 1960s in order to create overnight and leisure opportunities for the rapidly growing tourism in the region. The preservation of the historical building fabric in the city center was neglected. The old town was not revived until the 1990s, the palaces were renovated and craftsmen and artisans moved into new workshops.

In 1968, the former school was expanded into a university with a large campus, which is now divided into 10 faculties of different subjects. Around 40,000 students attend the university and most of them live in the city.

Population development and structure

The population increased after the unification of Italy, but scientifically there has not been a significant increase in population throughout history. This was due to the deterioration of the soil, in particular to desertification and drought in the eastern Gulf of Salerno.

As mentioned at the beginning, Salerno is a typical “southern European city”, which means that Salerno, as a “middle town”, combines this historical-geographical aspect with its medieval character and its population development.

In 2011 the population of Salerno was 138,594. Salerno had the highest population in its history with over 157,385 inhabitants at the beginning of the 1980s, in the following years the number decreased considerably.

year Residents 1861 26,682 1871 27,579 1881 30,929 1901 42,446 1911 46,235

year Residents 1921 53,785 1931 61.141 1941 67.186 1951 90,970 1961 117,363

year Residents 1971 155,498 1981 157.385 1991 148.932 2001 144.078 2011 138,594

Public facilities

Museo Archeologico Provinciale

The Museo Archeologico Proviciale was inaugurated in 1927 and is now located on San Benedetto Street. This provincial museum collects and exhibits archaeological finds that illustrate the historical development and cultural changes in the Salerno region. The time span in which the finds were recovered ranges from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. On display are among other things Roman statues, illustrated reliefs , inscriptions or urns that were found around this area. The exhibition takes place on two levels. The ground floor is dedicated to the oldest finds, while on the upper level one can visit the finds from Roman times and from the early Middle Ages and other things.

Palazzo di Città di Salerno

Palazzo di Città

The Palazzo di Città di Salerno was built in 1936. It covers an area of ​​5000 square meters, which is distributed over four floors. The architectural style is typical of the then fascist era. In 1944, the first Italian Council of Ministers and the government of national unity convened here. Nowadays it houses the offices of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor and Secretary General of Salerno. In addition, the Augustus cinema-theater takes up almost half of the ground floor. The monumental hall can accommodate an audience of up to 700 people. It has been restored and is now one of the most sought after for the presentation of shows of all kinds.

Arts and Culture

Museums

• Museo Archeologico Provinciale . The museum is located in the old San Benedetto monastery and is famous worldwide for its Testa di Apollo (head of Apollo ).
• Museo Didattico della Scuola Medica Salernitana . It is located in the Lombard church of San Gregorio and contains notable documents from the Schola Medica Salernitana .
• Museo Diocesano di Salerno . It is close to the Salerno Cathedral and displays numerous artefacts of religious art.
• Pinacoteca Provinciale . Located in Palazzo Pinto on Via dei Mercanti, it houses numerous Renaissance paintings , including by Andrea Sabatini , who worked in the Cappella Sistina .
• Museo Nazionale dell'Agro Picentino . It houses finds from the period from 900 to 400 BC.

Theater and opera

• Teatro Municipale Giuseppe Verdi . The theater, built in 1872, hosts operas, ballets and concerts by the first-class Salerno Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Daniel Oren .
• The Teatro delle Arti was founded in 2003 and is known for its contemporary dance and theater performances.
• The Teatro Bis is mainly known for contemporary comedies.
• Salerno Jazz Orchestra

Attractions

Giardino della Minerva

• The cathedral , built under the Normans in the 11th century
• Diocesan Museum (Museo Diocesano)
• Minerva Gardens (Giardini della Minerva)
• Creative museum
• Castello Arechi
• The churches of San Giorgio , Santa Maria delle Grazie , San Pietro a Corte and San Crocefisso
• A medieval aqueduct

Regular events

• Festival del Cinema di Salerno - traditional internationalfilm festivalthat has been held in Salerno every year since 1946. This event grew out of the desire to open up access to film art as a modern media and to make its advantages known. The films were shown and conveyed to the general public in mobile film stations that had been set up in the village squares and in small church communities. Today the festival focuses its interest primarily on the technical component of film art and thereby tries to develop culture and communication in society. From November 28 to December 3, 2011, the 65th International Film Festival took place in Salerno, dedicated to the 150-year history of the unity of Italy.

Luci d'artista 2017/2018

• Luci d'artista - every Christmas season, from November to January, Salerno is adorned at night by thousands of luminous works of art created by artists all over the world. They are installed in the most beautiful places in the city and attract millions of tourists and visitors. This event is supported by the Municipality ofTurin, where the “Artist's Light” project has existed for 10 years and is an important part of the tourism industry.

• Notte del Fuoco - the night of fire takes place annually on January 17th, the feast day of St. Anthony . The saint is the patron saint of craftsmen. Today the potters from Campania come to Salerno to exhibit their works in the central square of the city.

• Linea D'Ombra Film Festival - the festival of modern art that emerged as the Giffoni Film Festival . The festival lost its exclusively cinematographic character and comprises four major sections: cinematography, music, theater and literature. These components are linked by a theme - a so-called "shadow line". The name of this event comes from the novella "Die Schattenlinie" by Joseph Conrad . The 17th festival days took place from April 16-22, 2012. The theme of the festival was earthquake as an energy explosion and crisis affecting human behavior.

• Mostra della Minerva - in spring the exhibition of horticulture and rare plants takes place. The event bears the name of the goddess Minerva and refers to the first botanical garden in Europe.

Feast of St. Matthew

• F iera del Crocifisso - known as the Mass of the Evangelist Matthew , whose tradition dates back to the Middle Ages thanks to Prince Manfred of Sicily . This fair attracts dealers mainly from all over southern Italy. In addition to trade, the event offers theatrical performances of historical events and showcases the art of Italian craftsmen. From September 16 to 21, 2011, the fair celebrated its 10th birthday. Knight tournaments for children and adults were held on these days. The specialty of the fair in 2011 was a cultural exchange that was prepared by guests from Senegal.

• Festa di San Matteo - on September 21st, on the feast day of Saint Matthew, one of the biggest events in the city of Salerno takes place - the Saint Matthew festival . The festival begins with a solemn procession during which the silver figure of the saint is carried through the city to the cathedral. The state-subsidized celebration lasts three days and ends with fireworks over the sea. Typical of this festival is the historical lunch, which is served with spleen, fried fish and grapes.

religion

Most of the population belongs to Christianity, especially the Catholic denomination. The city is the seat of the Archdiocese of Salerno-Campagna-Acerno . There are ten Catholic brotherhoods:

• Gesu, Maria SS.ma dell'Avvocata e S. Francesco delle Stimmate
• Immacolata e S. Filippo Neri
• Maria SS. Del Carmine
• Maria SS. Del Rosario e S. Giuseppe
• Maria SS.ma Addolorata
• Purgatorio
• S. Anna al Porto
• S. Stefano
• SS. Salvatore in drapperia
• SS.mo Sacramento e di Maria SS.ma della Purificazione e S. Bernardino da Siena

Various Protestant faith groups are also represented in the city:

• Chiesa Evangelica Cinese in Italia
• Chiesa Evangelica Metodista
• Chiesa Evangelica Pentecostale ADI
• Chiesa Evangelica Pentecostale Chiese Evangeliche nella Valli del Sele e dell 'Irno
• Chiesa Evangelica Pentecostale Spirito e Vita
• Chiesa Evangelica Riformata

Followers of Jehovah's Witnesses and the Baha'i religion also live in Salerno.

education

The school of Salerno

The Salerno School was a medical teaching and research establishment in Salerno. It was the first university-like institution in Europe. However, only medicine was taught at the university. Due to its pioneering role, however, the school not only gained exemplary importance for medicine. An extensive pharmacology was created with the books Liber graduum , Antidotarium Nicolai and Circa instans . The knowledge of the pharmacist became independent and the separation of the medical and pharmacist work by Frederick II was legally established in the Edict of Salerno . Their heyday can be set in the 11th and 12th centuries.

University of Salerno

The University of Salerno was founded in 1968, making it one of the younger universities in Italy. It is divided into 10 faculties, whereby the faculties of medicine and surgery refer back to the historical school of Salerno. In 1988 the university moved to the small town of Fisciano , about 12 km north of Salerno. Around 43,000 students are enrolled there today.

Sports

Water polo is one of the traditional sports in the city. Rari Nantes Salerno was founded in 1922 and took part in the national championship several times.

Since 1919 football has also been part of the life of the residents. Salerno is home to the US Salernitana football club , which has been playing in Serie B , the second highest division in Italian football, since the 2015/16 season . The entrepreneurs Claudio Lotito and Marco Mezzaroma support the association.

Motorcycling is also practiced in Salerno. In 1988 and 1997, the drivers achieved the highest rank in the Italian championship. Giuseppe Fiorillo from Salerno successfully participated in the European Grand Prix in the 1990s.

Salerno has also been a stage location for the Giro d'Italia , the second most important cycling stage race in the world - after the Tour de France and before the Vuelta a España . In 1985 Salerno was the arrival point of the 11th stage of the Giro d'Italia , and in 1983 the destination and starting point of this event.

In Salerno Airport there is a school for parachuting, whose students took second and third place in the 2006 Italian championship in this sport.

Culinary specialties

Salerno's cuisine is particularly characterized by its rusticity and the use of regional products. In contrast to the Neapolitan cuisine, it has remained largely free of French influences throughout history and is based on the more local foods of the farmers such as fish, vegetables and wheat.

Salerno is best known for “blue fish”, buffalo mozzarella and olive oil. The export of these goods is an important industry in the region.
Typical dishes are the "scialatielli", a pasta with seafood; “Parmigiana di melanzane”, fried aubergines with tomatoes and mozzarella and the “torta caprese”, a cake with almonds and chocolate.
Salerno is also known for its wines, three of which from the regions of Cilento , Castel San Lorenzo and the Amalfi Coast have received the Italian “ DOC ” quality mark .

Economy and Transport

economy

The city's main industrial products are machinery , food and textiles . The products are mainly shipped by container ships, which is why the freight port is the most important economic factor in Salerno. A larger industry was the Pastificio Antonio Amato food factory, which produced pasta . However, this got into financial difficulties since 2009 and was forced to file for bankruptcy in spring 2012. The Neapolitan businessman Antonio Passarelli was considered a promising prospect in March with a bid of € 700,000. However, there was no takeover. The important metal industry in the field of ironworks and foundries should also be mentioned: the Fonderie Pisano. Also located in the industrial area there is a photovoltaic factory belonging to the Medsolar group. In terms of tourism, the city benefits from the nearby Amalfi Coast .

Amelioration : in the 18th and 19th centuries, rural areas were transformed into fertile agricultural areas with higher harvests.

media

There are several local media companies in Salerno, including television stations and newspaper offices. The Salernitan television channels Lira TV, TV-Oggi, Tele-Diocesi, and Telecolore should be mentioned. The largest daily newspaper is La Città di Salerno .

traffic

Salerno's freight port

Salerno tourist port

In the port of Salerno about seven million tons of cargo are shipped each year, two thirds of container traffic. Salerno has thus overtaken the container port of Naples in terms of cargo handling. There are passenger connections to Sardinia , Sicily , Malta and Tunisia . In July 2010 the port was named 'the' European Freight Port. The port won the European Commission's award for best security. There are train connections from the main train station to Naples and other cities in southern Italy . A connection to the high-speed line Rome – Naples is planned.

A S-Bahn-like line, the Circumsalernitana , runs from Salerno to Nocera Inferiore . A light rail system is under construction.

Since the beginning of 2012 a large car sharing / car pool project has been taking place. Carpooling is promoted by the municipality. The city has been running the “City4bike” project since May 14, 2012, with which it is attempting to significantly improve the environment, inner-city traffic and “communication”. Citizens and tourists can easily rent a bike. In the city center, the bicycles that are currently not needed are parked in racks.

From Salerno airport there are two daily connections to Milan Malpensa and a daily connection to Rome Fiumicino with Alitalia . The city has a connection to the A3 motorway on the north-western edge .

In Salerno, the end-to-end signposting of the E1 European long-distance hiking trail will temporarily end .

Mayor and City Council

List of mayors since 1987

• 1987–1993 Vincenzo Giordano: PSI - Partito Socialista Italiano
• 1993-2001 Vincenzo De Luca : PDS - Democratici di Sinistra
• 2001-2006 Mario De Biase: DS - Democratici di Sinistra
• 2006 to date Vincenzo De Luca: PD - Partito Democratico

City Council Composition

• Mayor Vincenzo De Luca
• President of the City Council: D'Alessio Antonio
• Vice President of the City Council: Ferrara Alessandro

Town twinning

Salerno has the following economic and cultural partnerships :

•  Japan Tōno (since 1984)
•  France Rouen (since 2003)
•  France Montpellier (since 2008)
•  Poland Wolomin
•  United States Baltimore (since 2008)
•  Bulgaria Pazardzhik (since 2011)

Personalities

Personalities born in Salerno

• Amatus of Montecassino (around 1010−?), Chronicler and monk
• Romuald of Salerno (around 1115–1181), historian and archbishop
• Giovanni da Procida (1210-1298), diplomat
• Matthaeus Silvaticus (1285–1342), writer and botanist
• Masuccio Salernitano (around 1410−?), Writer
• Andrea Sabatini or Andrea da Salerno (around 1480 / 90–1530 / 31), painter
• Fabrizio Mordente (1532–1608), mathematician
• Carlo Filangieri (1784-1867), General
• Gaetano Esposito (1858–1911), genre painter, fresco artist and sculptor
• Ulisse Caputo (1872–1948), genre painter, engraver and sculptor
• Ugo Sivocci (1885–1923), racing car driver
• Gennaro Righelli (1886–1949), film director and screenwriter
• Mario Ajmone Cat (1894–1952), General
• Michael Coppola (1900–1966), American mafioso
• Nicola Abbagnano (1901–1990), philosopher
• Ugo Pirro (1920–2008), screenwriter and writer
• Vittorio Gigliotti (1921–2015), architect and civil engineer
• Mario Vitale (1923–2003), film actor
• Renato Raffaele Martino (* 1932), diplomat
• Antonio Carluccio (1937–2017), cook and restaurant owner
• Giovanni Vitolo (* 1948), historian
• Giuliana de Sio (born 1957), actress
• Giuseppe Di Capua (* 1958), rower
• Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio (* 1959), politician
• Giuseppe Galderisi (* 1963), football player and coach
• Massimo Filardi (* 1966), football player
• Dario Deidda (* 1968), jazz musician
• Alex Gaudino (* 1970), DJ and producer
• Andrea Fortunato (1971–1995), football player
• Francesco Bottigliero (* 1974), conductor, pianist and composer
• Mara Carfagna (* 1975), politician
• Capo Plaza (born 1998), rapper

See also

• Salernitana Calcio: Former players and coaches

Maps and literature

• Gallo, Italo (ed.): Storia di Salerno . 3 volumes, Pratola Serra 2000.

Web links

Commons : Salerno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the Comune di Salerno
• Salerno and Province Tourist Offices

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Naples. Amalfi Coast. Cilento . Dumont Travel Paperback, ISBN 978-3-7701-7241-2 ; P. 233 ff.
3. ^ Bernhard D. Haage, Wolfgang Wegner: Salerno, medical school from. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1281 f.
4. ^ Christian Bonetto / Josephine Quintero: Lonely Planet, Naples & the Amalfi Coast, p. 251.
5. ↑ http://www.comune.salerno.it/client/scheda.aspx?scheda=4899&stile=7&ti=60
6. ^ Burkhard Hofmeister: Urban geography. Braunschweig. 2nd ed. 1972. p. 152 ff.
7. ↑ Lexicon of the Middle Ages. Vol. 7, Col. 1293
8. ^ Giovanni Vitolo: Salerno . In: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Vol. 7, Munich / Zurich 1995, Col. 1293.
9. ^ Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum III, 33
10. ↑ ^{a b c d} Giovanni Vitolo: Salerno . In: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Vol. 7, Munich / Zurich 1995, Col. 1294.
11. ^ Ludo Moritz Hartmann: History of Italy in the Middle Ages , Vol. II, Part 2, Perthes, Gotha 1903, pp. 285ff.
12. ^ Giovanni Vitolo: Salerno . In: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Vol. 7, Munich / Zurich 1995, Col. 1295.
13. ^ NJG Pounds: Historical and Political Geography of Europe. Braunschweig 1950. p. 107 f.
14. ↑ Giovanni Vitolo: Art. Salerno, in: Sp. 1293-1300, here: Sp. 1296; Ders .: Art. Sanseverino, in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Vol. 7, Munich 1995, Sp. 1366f., Here: Sp. 1367.
15. ↑ Ibid .; "Antonello Sanseverino" in Enciclopedie online Treccani.
16. ^ "Ferrante Sanseverino" in Enciclopedie online Treccani.
17. ^ Giuseppe Marini, Salerno minacciata dal corsaro Barbarossa e salvata da s. Matteo .
18. ^ Giuseppe Marini, Ippolito di Pastina e la rivolta del 1647 - '48 a Salerno .
19. ↑ Terremoti e restauri ( Memento of the original from April 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
20. ^ Support for the Risorgimento in Salerno.
21. ^ Quando Salerno era la terza provincia.
22. ↑ ^{a b} Wilhelm Götz: Historical Geography. Leipzig u. Vienna. 1904, p. 195
23. ^ NJG Pounds: Historical and Political Geography of Europe. Braunschweig. 1950. p. 271 f.
24. ↑ Homepage of the University of Salerno (Italian) ( Memento of the original from October 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
25. ^ Burkhard Hofmeister: Urban geography. Braunschweig. 2nd ed. 1972. p. 152 ff.
26. ↑ Kluckert, Ehrenfried: Naples, Campania. Munich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-0823-9 .
27. ↑ Höcker, Christoph: Gulf of Naples and Campania. Three thousand years of art and culture in the heart of southern Italy. Ostfildern, 2011, ISBN 3-7701-3990-9 .
28. ↑ Homepage of Festival del Cinema di Salerno ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
29. ↑ Festival del Cinema dedicato ai 150 anni dell'Unità , in: Salerno in Prima (Online), November 19, 2011. (Accessed June 15, 2012). ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
30. ^ Notti di Luce - The city of Salerno
31. ↑ Homepage of Linea D'Ombra Film Festival / Festival Culture Giovani  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
32. ↑ [1]
33. ↑ Website of Rari Nantes Salerno ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed June 19, 2012) 
34. ^ Pignataro, Luciano: Guida gastronomica di Salerno. Tutto il buono da mangiare e il bello da vedere nella città di san Matteo , Il Raggio di Luna, Salerno, 2006, ISBN 978-88-901967-9-9 , pp. 7-8.
35. ↑ Eschborner Stadtmagazin ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
36. ^ Salerno Travel é la Web
37. ↑ http://lacittadisalerno.gelocal.it/cronaca/2012/03/06/news/pastificio-amato-il-fitto-al-napoletano-antonio-passarelli-1.4531070 (accessed on: June 16, 2012)
38. ↑ http://www.fonderiepisano.it/
39. ↑ http://www.medsolar.it/Default.aspx
40. ^ Wilhelm Götz: Historical geography. Leipzig u. Vienna. 1904. p. 191
41. ↑ http://www.liratv.com/
42. ↑ http://www.tvoggisalerno.it/
43. ↑ http://www.telediocesi.it/
44. ↑ http://www.telecolore.it/
45. ↑ http://lacittadisalerno.gelocal.it/
46. ↑ http://www.porto.salerno.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=351&Itemid=172
47. ↑ http://www.porto.salerno.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=316
48. ↑ http://www.comune.salerno.it/client/scheda_news.aspx?news=3078&prov=76&stile=7
49. ↑ http://www.comune.salerno.it/client/scheda_news.aspx?news=40067&prov=76&stile=7
50. ^ Online presence of the City of Salerno