Ravello

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Ravello
coat of arms
Ravello (Italy)
Ravello
Country Italy
region Campania
province Salerno  (SA)
Coordinates 40 ° 39 '  N , 14 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 39 '2 "  N , 14 ° 36' 46"  E
height 365  m slm
surface 7 km²
Residents 2,469 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density 353 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 84010
prefix 089
ISTAT number 065104
Popular name Ravellesi
Patron saint San Pantaleone
Website Ravello
Partial view of Atrani, on the way from Ravello to Amalfi

Ravello is a place on the Italian Amalfi Coast in Campania , Salerno province with 2469 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019).

geography

The neighboring towns are: Atrani , Gragnano ( NA ), Lettere (NA), Maiori , Minori , Scala and Tramonti .

history

Founding legend and development up to the 19th century

Around the 5th century AD, legend has it that wealthy Roman patrician families sought refuge from plundering barbarians and founded a small estate on the hill between the Dragone and Reginna valleys.

The Normans , who ruled this area in the 10th century, gave Ravello its independence. Pope Viktor III made Ravello a bishopric from 1086 , with which the growing population as well as the flourishing sea trade should be met. In the following centuries a rich bourgeoisie developed, who had magnificent palaces built, some of which are still preserved today. In 1603 Ravello was incorporated into the Diocese of Scala , and in 1806 it was integrated into the Archdiocese of Amalfi .

The Rufolo family, one of the richest in Ravello, had the villa of the same name built on a rocky promontory in the 12th century, which is still a famous attraction for thousands of visitors today. Nicola Rufolo, a member of this family, donated one of the two pulpits in the cathedral in 1272: one of the masterpieces of Arab-Byzantine mosaic work. Landolfo Rufolo was mentioned by Boccaccio in his Decameron (2nd day, 4th novella). The Villa Rufolo, half ruined, was bought and renovated in 1851 by the Scotsman Francis Neville Reid . In 1880 , Richard Wagner found the inspiration for the stage design for act 2 (Klingsor's magic garden) of his opera Parsifal in the villa gardens .

Ravello was famous for the many noble families that lived there. The noble families were: Acconciajoco, Alfano, Appencicario, Aufiero, Bove, Campanile, Cassitto, Castaldo, Citarella, Confalone, Coppola, Cortese, D'Afflitto, De Curtis, Dell'Isola, Della Marra, De Piccolellis, De Vito, Fenice, Foggia, Frezza, Fusco, Giusto, Grisone, Guerritore, Longo, Marinelli, Muscettola, Panicola, Papice, Pironti, Rago, Rogadeo, Rovito, Rufolo, Russo, Rustici, Sasso, Arcucci.

Ravello from the 20th century

The small town, located around 300 m above sea level, is the destination of numerous tourists and the seat of the Ravello Festival, which takes place annually in the summer months (launched in 1953 in honor of Richard Wagner ). Today Villa Rufolo is the seat of the Centro Universitario Europeo per i Beni Culturali (European University Center for Cultural Heritage), which develops projects for cultural and environmental protection as well as new approaches to cultural tourism.

The US writer Gore Vidal lived in Ravello from the 1970s to 2004.

Attractions

Terrazza dell'Infinito of Villa Cimbrone
  • Cathedral of S. Pantaleon and the Assumption of Mary
  • Villa Rufolo (13th century) with its park is a magnet for many visitors
  • Villa Cimbrone
  • The churches of Santa Maria a Gradillo , San Giovanni del Toro , San Francesco , Santa Chiara , San Pietro , Chiesa dell'Annunziata , Santa Maria della Grazie
  • Oscar Niemeyer Auditorium , inaugurated by the Fondazione Ravello on January 29, 2010

literature

  • E. Allen: Ravello . Revised by CCLacaita. London 1909.
  • Ravello. Milano (Franco Maria Ricci) 1991.
  • Domenico De Masi: Ravello. Un petit tour. Roma 1999.
  • Dieter Richter, Matilde Romito: I profumi di Reid. Uno scavo archeologico a Villa Rufolo e la vita di un inglese nella Ravello dell'Ottocento. Napoli 1999.
  • Paolo Peduto, Francois Widemann (eds.): L'ambiente culturale a Ravello nel Medioevo , Bari 2000.
  • Dieter Richter: Klingsor's magic garden. An exotic landscape in Richard Wagner's Parsifal and the Ravello myth . In: Christiane Solte-Gresser and others (ed.): Eros and literature. Bremen 2005, pp. 191-200.

Web links

Commons : Ravello  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Naples. Amalfi Coast. Cilento . Dumont Travel Paperback, ISBN 978-3-7701-7241-2 ; Page 226ff