Málaga

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Málaga
coat of arms Map of Spain
Málaga coat of arms
Málaga (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : Andalusia
Province : Málaga
Comarca : Metropolitana de Málaga
Coordinates 36 ° 43 ′  N , 4 ° 25 ′  W Coordinates: 36 ° 43 ′  N , 4 ° 25 ′  W
Height : 8  msnm
Area : 398.25 km²
Residents : 574,654 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density : 1,442.95 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 29001-29018
Municipality number  ( INE ): 29067
Nearest airport : Aeropuerto de Málaga (8  km from the city center)
administration
Official language : Castilian
Mayor : Francisco de la Torre Prados ( PP )
Address of the municipal administration: Avenida de Cervantes, 4
29016 Málaga
Website : www.malaga.eu
Location of the city
Málaga Province
Location of the city of Málaga

Málaga [ ˈmalaɣa ] is the second largest city in Andalusia and the sixth largest city ​​in Spain . The capital of the province of Málaga has one of the largest Spanish airports, a commercial port and a university. Because of its climate, it is one of the most important holiday destinations on the Iberian Peninsula .

geography

Aerial view

Malaga is located on the western Mediterranean on the Costa del Sol . The city in the bay of the same name is surrounded by the Sierra de Mijas and Montes de Málaga mountains . The Guadalmedina and the Guadalhorce flow through the city, both of which flow into the Mediterranean Sea in Málaga.

City structure

The city is divided on a north-south axis by the Guadalmedina river, the old town with most of the sights is east of the river, the so-called new center with shopping centers and the main train station west of the Guadalmedina.

Málaga is divided into 11 larger districts ( distritos ): Centro, Este (with Pedregalejo , El Palo and Cerrado de Calderón), Ciudad Jardín, Bailén / Miraflores, Palma / Palmilla, Cruz de Humilladero, Carretera de Cádiz, Churriana (incorporated in 1905) , Campanillas, Puerto de la Torre and Teatinos-Universidad, which in turn are divided into hundreds of smaller barrios , these are residential and industrial areas.

climate

View of Malaga from Cerrado de Calderón

The city enjoys a pleasant Mediterranean climate with hot summer and mild winter months. The relative proximity of the mountains influences the coastal climate through the meeting of air masses of different temperatures. The average annual temperature is 18 ° C. The warmest months are July and August with an average of 24.8 ° C and 25.4 ° C and the coldest January and February with an average of 11.9 ° C and 12.8 ° C.

The summer months are dry and hot, the temperatures are around 30 ° C. In the summer months there is an occasional Terral influence. Terral is a foehn wind that penetrates from the north into the center and the neighboring parts of the city to the east and causes a temperature increase of approx. 10 ° C, with very dry air. The Terral influence lasts up to three days and usually ends with a cooler Levant influence (east wind). In July and August eight terrestrial days with temperatures of over 35 ° C are the rule. In July and August 2008, 23 terrestrial days were counted, some of which brought temperatures of over 40 ° C until late in the afternoon.

The weather in Málaga is very changeable in the winter half-year with rainy periods, which mostly occur around the turn of the year. Apart from that, winter is accompanied by spring-like or early summer temperatures by European standards, with the exception of the two to three days long polar air waves, which cause daytime temperatures of only around 15 ° C, while the rest of Europe is then well below freezing point. In the summer months, periods of several weeks without precipitation are the rule.

Malaga airport (5 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
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Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, period 1981-2010 wetterkontor.de (water temperature)
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Málaga Airport (5 m)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 16.8 17.7 19.6 21.4 24.3 28.1 30.5 30.8 28.2 24.1 20.1 17.5 O 23.3
Min. Temperature (° C) 7.4 8.2 9.8 11.1 14.2 18.0 20.5 21.1 18.8 15.0 11.3 8.9 O 13.7
Temperature (° C) 12.1 12.9 14.7 16.3 19.3 23.0 25.5 26.0 23.5 19.5 15.7 13.2 O 18.5
Precipitation ( mm ) 69 60 52 44 20th 6th 0 6th 20th 57 100 100 Σ 534
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 5.8 6.4 7.2 8.1 9.4 11.0 11.2 10.2 8.5 6.9 5.7 5.2 O 8th
Rainy days ( d ) 5.8 4.8 4.0 4.5 3.1 0.8 0.1 0.5 2.1 4.4 5.6 6.6 Σ 42.3
Water temperature (° C) 15th 14th 14th 15th 17th 18th 21st 22nd 21st 19th 17th 16 O 17.4
Humidity ( % ) 69 68 67 63 59 58 58 61 65 70 71 72 O 65.1
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28.1
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30.5
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30.8
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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history

Malaka

Foundation and etymology

Málaga was founded around the 8th century BC by the seafaring Phoenicians who called the city Malaka. There is speculation about the meaning of the city name: Due to the garum production common in the region in antiquity , some researchers assume that the name is derived from the Semitic root ml-ḥ (salt). Against this hypothesis, the fact that not pun but k appears as the third consonant on Punic coins ; this suggests another root, namely mlk (to rule, ruler, king). Since a tetrastyle , a temple with four columns, is depicted on the coins , it can be assumed that the name of the city is related to the name of the god Melkart , who, by the way , is also venerated in neighboring Cádiz , also a Phoenician foundation has been. Melkart (or Melqart) is composed of milk (king) and qart (city) and means lord of the city . The original name of Malaga could refer to this god.

Malaga becomes Roman

Málaga has long been under the rule of Carthage , but fell in the Second Punic War in the Roman sphere , where it first to the province of Hispania Ulterior , according to the provincial reform of the Emperor Augustus to the province Baetica came.

Garum factory from Roman Malaca.

Strabo writes in his geography (3, 4) about Málaga that the city is a trading center ( emporium ) for the nomads of the opposite coast and that it has large facilities for the production of salted fish. In his day the city evidently had a Phoenician character. Around 83 AD, under Emperor Domitian , Malaga was given the Flavian city ​​charter: the Lex Malacitana . A Roman theater still testifies to the importance of the city in Roman times.

Roman theater and Alcazaba

The migration period meant for the province of Baetica, and thus also for Málaga, changeable years with repeated changes of rule: after the Vandals and the Alans , Visigoths and Eastern Romans fought for rule. In 571 the city, which belongs to the eastern Roman province of Spania, or its surrounding area was briefly occupied by troops of the Visigoth king Leovigild , but it was not until 616 that the eastern Romans finally handed the city over to the Visigoths.

Mālaqa

The Moors conquered Málaga, which they called Mālaqa, in 711. The city gained importance in the early 11th century when the Hammudids , who saw themselves as the rightful heirs of the Caliphate of Cordoba , built one of their residences here. They never achieved more than acceptance from the Berbers , including the Zirids of Granada , who in fact held more power than their caliphs. In 1053 the king of Granada, the Zīrīde Bādīs ibn Habbus, had the last Hammudid caliph Mu Kalammad ibn Idrīs ibn 'Alī al-Mahdī poisoned and conquered the city. After his death, his grandson Tamīn ibn Buluggīn ruled here in competition with his brother 'Abdallāh ibn Buluggīn, the king of Granada. 'Abdallāh reports in connection with the fighting against his brother that the areas around Málaga were particularly inhabited by Christians. Tamīn ibn Buluggīn was the first small Andalusian king to be overthrown by the Almoravids . After the Almoravids came the Almohads , until Malaga was finally incorporated into the Naṣrid emirate of Granada . After the conquest by the Catholic Kings in the course of the Reconquista on August 18, 1487, the "reforms" began to transform the city into a new Christian settlement. In Muslim times, the Jewish quarter was in the eastern part of the city. The cemetery was on the slopes of Gibralfaro . In the early 11th century, the city took in numerous Jews who had fled Córdoba from the intolerant Berbers . a. the famous Samuel ha-Nagid . In the middle of the 11th century, around 200 Jews lived in Malaga with a population of around 20,000. After the city was conquered by Castile in 1487, a period of intolerance began and all the Jews of Malaga were taken prisoner. Around 1490 it was decided that the city was to be repopulated by Christians. Jews and Muslims had to leave Málaga within 15 days. There is evidence that 62 Jews left the city.

Malaga in modern times

From the beginning of the 15th century, Malaga was a titular diocese . In the course of its conquest of the Kingdom of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs, the old diocese of Malaga was revived from 1485. Initially, the Bishop of Malaga resided in Ronda , as the city was not conquered until 1487. As the center of an agricultural region and the textile industry, Málaga became wealthy in the 19th century.

In the Spanish Civil War

At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War , the Republicans were initially able to prevail against the insurgent military. From the beginning, Malaga was a front-line city and only connected to the territory held by the republic via the coastal road to Almería . As the port of the republic-loyal Spanish Navy , the city was an important strategic destination for both parties to the civil war, and so the Battle of Malaga took place in 1937 . This resulted in the Málaga massacre , in which up to 10,000 people died.

After the civil war

In the 1960s, with the arrival of North African Jews, there was a revival of Jewish life in Málaga.

Number of inhabitants
(source: INE )
year 1842 1877 1900 1920 1940 1960 1981 2001 2007
Residents 68.271 116.143 131,063 150.258 235.355 296,432 502.232 524.414 561,250

politics

Mayor of Málaga

The first democratic elections after the Franco dictatorship took place in 1979.

List of the last mayors of Malaga
period Surname Political party
1970-1977 Cayetano Utrera Ravassa Movimiento Nacional
1977-1979 Luis Merino Bayona
1979-1983 Pedro Aparicio Sánchez Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE)
1983-1987
1987-1995
1995-1999 Celia Villalobos Talero Partido Popular (PP)
1999-2003 Celia Villalobos Talero and Francisco de la Torre Prados (2000)
2003-2007 Francisco de la Torre Prados
2007-2011
2011-2015
2015–

Town twinning

Sunset in Malaga

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Cercanías RENFE

Málaga has one of the most important and largest airports in southern Spain and is the arrival point for almost all holidaymakers on the Costa del Sol , but also a hub to other destinations. The Malaga Airport is located southwest of downtown and is characterized by a bus and a train station connected.

The port of Málaga

The Renfe main station, Estación de María Zambrano, is located a little west of the city center and is a terminus station . Since the end of 2007 there has been an AVE connection to Madrid . There are also two suburban railway lines : The S-Bahn line C-1 runs underground from the Centro Alameda stop to the main train station and then mostly above ground along the coast to Fuengirola . Line C-2 runs from the main train station further north to Álora .

The bus station with lines to the surrounding area and long-distance buses is also located near the main train station. Málaga has a well-developed public transport network with the Alameda as the central stop. The main aim of the Málaga metro is to relieve traffic in the city center and connect sports facilities, the university and residential areas better and faster.

Málaga can be reached by car via motorways from the north (A-45 from Antequera ), northeast and southwest (A7 - coastal motorway, partly toll ). However, the traffic situation is very tense, as the entire flow of traffic in and out of town is reduced to a few arterial roads that are regularly overloaded.

and display information about the image
Panorama of the port side of Málaga

Template: Panorama / Maintenance / Para4

media

The main daily newspaper in Malaga is Diario Sur . The Qué pasa newspaper from the same publishing group, which is available free of charge everywhere, continues to provide information on regional news and dates.

Research and education

The University of Málaga specializes in economics and medicine. About 40,000 students study there. The economic area is located on the older campus (El Ejido) in the city center; the medical field and other faculties are on the larger campus (Teatinos-Universidad) in north-west Málaga.

In the Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía (PTA), which specializes in IT, more than 600 companies with a total of around 17,000 employees have settled (as of 2018), including around 60 international companies such as Oracle , IBM , Siemens , Vodafone , Ericsson , Huawei , Fujitsu and Dekra . The IT industry had a turnover of 3.8 billion euros in 2017; one fifth of the GDP of the city of Málaga.

Culture and sights

The city had a discrete but significant cultural movement during the early decades of the 20th century. After the civil war, Malaga suffered from major deficiencies in its cultural infrastructure. During this time, the Alcazaba was reopened to the public and the Archaeological Museum and the Malaga Symphony Orchestra were founded. With the founding of the University of Málaga (1972), the city intensified its activities around art and knowledge. This process led to a network of first-class museums and organizations which was promoted by the city's candidacy as European Capital of Culture in 2016.

During the 1990s the Picasso Foundation and the Philharmonic Orchestra of Malaga were established. Other institutions of the arts such as the Museo Carmen Thyssen , the Colección del Museo Ruso San Petersburgo Málaga or the Centro Pompidou de Málaga have become part of the cultural offerings in recent years. The Málaga Film Festival (FMCE) and various citizens 'initiatives such as the Night in White, or the conversion of the Soho Málaga district into an artists' quarter with galleries such as the Estudio Ignacio del Rio, or the Museum Center for Contemporary Art Málaga (CAC) have also contributed .

Museums

Culture

  • Cervantes Theater
  • the main shopping street is Calle Larios
  • Cinemas Alameda, Albéniz and at the new Estación de RENFE (all in the city center), Plaza Mayor (multiplex with IMAX), Málaga Nostrum, Rosaleda and Victoria (all in various shopping centers on the outskirts).

The city applied to be the European Capital of Culture for 2016 in 2010 , but was not accepted.

From a culinary point of view, Malaga is known for raisins , wine ( muscatel ), ice cream and fried fish, especially grilled anchovy skewers.

Attractions

Alcazaba and Gibralfaro

The Alcazaba of Málaga, a Moorish fortress from the 11th century, was built on the remains of a Phoenician palace complex for the Moorish kings of Granada and expanded further in the 14th century. A double wall originally created the connection between the palace area of ​​the Alcazaba and the castle complex of the Castillo de Gibralfaro above the fortress . At the foot of the Alcazaba are the ruins of a theater from the time of the Roman Empire , some of which can be visited.

cathedral

The Cathedral
Episcopal Palace next to the cathedral

The Cathedral Catedral de la Encarnación , which was built over the Grand Mosque by the Christian conquerors from 1528, is located near the port in the city center. It is also called La Manquita ('the one-armed') because the second tower was never completed due to lack of money.

More Attractions

Sacred Heart Church
  • Birthplace of the painter Pablo Picasso in the Plaza de la Merced
  • Jardín Botánico-Histórico La Concepción , a park well worth seeing in the north of the city with 3000 native plants and palm trees .
  • Santuario de la Victoria
  • Paseo del Parque or Parque de Málaga , a park or promenade designed as a botanical garden with a total area of ​​around 30,000 m².
  • Paseo de la Farola
  • Bullring La Malagueta, with 14,000 seats and a diameter of 50 m one of the largest bullring in Spain.
  • The 70 m high Ferris wheel "La Princesa" (The Princess) at the port of Málaga, opposite the port authority, offers a panoramic view of up to 30 km away.
Birthplace of Pablo Picasso
Picasso's sculpture in front of the house where he was born

Most of the sights are controlled by so-called hop-on-hop-off buses , which are operated in Málaga by City Sightseeing Worldwide. During the 80-minute journey on the Red Line , 14 stations are served around the old town, the shorter Green Line goes to the Botanical Garden.

Sports

Soccer

The football club FC Málaga spent many seasons in the Primera División , the highest Spanish football league, but also repeatedly climbed from this to the second division and even spent a few years in the third and fourth division. The longest continuous phase in the Primera División lasted from 2008 to 2018. The club reached the quarter-finals of a European competition twice . Home of the club is the La Rosaleda stadium in the north of the city. There were also three preliminary round matches of the 1982 World Cup .

basketball

The basketball club Unicaja Málaga is Spanish champion (2005/06) and cup winner of the previous year (Copa del Rey; 2004/05). The club also plays regularly in the European league.

Water polo

From July 4th to July 13th, 2008 the European Water Polo Championships took place in Malaga.

beaches

An S-Bahn (Cercanía) runs from the city center to the nearby tourist centers of Fuengirola and Torremolinos . If you are looking for relaxation in the city, you can usually take bus line 11 to the Pedregalejo or El Palo districts , which not only have lively beaches but also good (fish) restaurants. The Costa del Sol is the most famous beach.

Annual festivals

  • Semana Santa (= Holy Week ) (from Palm Sunday to Easter ), parades and celebrations at Easter. There is one of the most important Easter processions in Spain in Malaga. In addition, the Tronos in Málaga are more powerful than in other cities and are carried through the streets slightly "rocking".
  • Feria de Agosto (festival in honor of the patron saint, bullfight, folk festival with six to eight million visitors over nine days), free concerts (M-TV Summer in Málaga), usually from the second Saturday to the third Sunday in August, opening fireworks with concerts at midnight on Saturday, the actual Feria starts on Saturday lunchtime.
  • Festival de Cine Español de Málaga , (Málaga Film Festival, the most important festival of Spanish film), in March / April

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Wiktionary: Málaga  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations
Commons : Málaga  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Malaga  Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ^ Información General . Ayuntamiento de Málaga, accessed March 3, 2017 (Spanish).
  3. ↑ cf. José María Blázquez Martínez: Últimas aportaciones a la presencia de fenicios y cartagineses en Occidente. In: Gerión, 25: 2, 2007, pp. 9–70 ( Memento of December 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica, Volume I (Aa-Alp), 2nd ed., Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865929-9 , p. 244
  5. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica , Volume XIII (Lif-Mek), 2nd ed., Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865941-1 , p. 424
  6. ↑ www.pta.es: The PTA in numbers (accessed December 15, 2018)
  7. ↑ Thomas Urban : Bits and Wine. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung from 24./25. November 2018, p. 36 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Málaga, historia de un siglo. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Costa del Sol: The new museums of Malaga: the Pompidou Center and the Russian Museum. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .
  10. ^ Soho Art District of Malaga | Urban art | Andalucia.com. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Rosa Parra Moreno: Hablamos con Ignacio del Río. Retrieved January 24, 2019 (European Spanish).
  12. ↑ El 'soho' malagueño se presenta en sociedad con una fiesta junto al CAC | Andalucía-Málaga | elmundo.es. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Guadalupe Rodríguez Barrionuevo: El Parque de Málaga . In: Isla de Arriarán: revista cultural y científica , No. 9, 1997, pp. 105–116, ISSN  1133-6293 .
  14. ↑ La Malagueta bullring. Holiday Destinations.com.
  15. ↑ The Malaga Ferris Wheel on malaga-urlaub.com
  16. ↑ Hop-On Hop-Off Malaga. Retrieved September 2, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Józef Powroźniak: Guitar Lexicon. Verlag Neue Musik, Berlin 1979, p. 81.