Shmuel ha-Nagid

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Shmuel ha-Nagid or Shmuel ibn Naghrela (also Samuel Ibn Nag (h) rela , * 993 in Córdoba ; † 1056 ) was the Grand Vizier of the Kingdom of Granada and one of the most important Jewish poets of medieval Spain.

Life

Shmuel ha-Nagid was born in Córdoba in 993. After the conquest of Cordoba by the Berbers in 1013, he left the city and in the meantime ran a shop for spices in Málaga or Granada . There he made the acquaintance of the Zirid ruler Habbus al-Muzaffar. Under him, Shmuel ha-Nagid rose to become Grand Vizier. After Habbus's death in 1038, he remained loyal to his eldest son Badis and helped him to the throne. In gratitude, he continued to remain the Grand Vizier and military leader.

Despite his proximity to the court, he remained connected to his Judaism throughout his life and promoted Jewish institutions. He himself worked as a commentator, philologist and poet in Arabic and Hebrew. His son and successor Joseph ibn Naghrela died in the Granada massacre in 1066.

plant

Shmuel ha-Nagid wrote a rich poetic work that included all types of profane poetry customary at the time: wine and love songs, hymns, lamentations, satires and epigrams. As a general in the service of his Moorish prince, he even wrote Hebrew war poems. Also important is his introduction to the Babylonian Talmud (explains difficult terms, among other things), which is mainly based on the preliminary work of Samuel ben Hofni .

  • Diwan , collection of poems compiled by his sons (not completely preserved)
  • Ben Tehillim (a collection of prayers and supplication poems based on the psalms)
  • Ben Mischle (over 1000 two-line lines expressing Samuel's life experiences)
  • Ben Qohelet (poems filled with the pessimism of his last years, dealing with the nullity of life, the fleeing time, the fear of decay)

expenditure

  • Dov Jarden (Ed.): Divan Shmuel haNagid. The Collected Poetry of Samuel the Prince, 993-1056. Ben Tehillim (The Son of Psalms). Jerusalem 1966 (reprint ibid. 1985).
Translations
  • Georg Bossong (ed.): The miracle of al-Andalus: The most beautiful poems from Moorish Spain . CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52906-2 , pp. 178-189.
  • Raoul Schrott : The Invention of Poetry: Poems from the First Four Thousand Years . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-423-12703-1 , pp. 323-344.

literature

  • A. Sáenz-Badillos, J. Targarona Borrás: Diccionario de autores judios (Sefarad. Siglos X-XV) (= Estudios de Cultura Hebrea. Vol. 10). Cordoba 1988, pp. 108-109.
  • Abraham ibn Esras and Dirk U. Rottzoll: Abraham ibn Esras long commentary on the book Exodus , Volume I, Parascha Schemot bis Beschalach (EX 1-17), Walter de Gruyter, 1999, ISBN 3110164752 , page CXXIV and CXXV

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Graetz : History of the Jews. Vol. VI, p. 11 ff.
  2. ↑ Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography. Vol. IV, Orient Printing House, Czernowitz 1930, p. 489 f.
personal data
SURNAME Shmuel ha-Nagid
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Shmuel ibn Naghrela; Samuel ibn Naghrela; Shmuel ha-Nagid
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish statesman and poet
DATE OF BIRTH 993
PLACE OF BIRTH Cordoba
DATE OF DEATH 1056