Renfe

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Renfe

logo
legal form public company
founding January 24, 1941 / January 1, 2005 (reorganization)
Seat Madrid , Spain
management Julio Gómez-Pomar Rodríguez
Branch Transport / logistics
Website www.renfe.com

Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE) ( German  National Network of Spanish Railways ), since 2005 Renfe Operadora , is a state-owned Spanish railway company that is active in the passenger and freight transport.

history

Prehistory and foundation

After the end of the Spanish Civil War , the private railways in Spain faced financial misery. The Franco government was able to put a stop to this by creating a unified state railway on January 24, 1941. The entire broad gauge network (1672 mm) as well as various private railways, above all Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España (CCHNE) and Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zaragoza y Alicante (MZA) as well as the Compañía Nacional, which were nationalized in 1928 and 1936 respectively de los Ferrocarriles del Oeste and Compañía de los Ferrocarriles Andaluces were merged as the Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles (RENFE) . In addition to the Iberian broad-gauge network, the narrow-gauge line Cercedilla-Cotos ( meter gauge ) also went to RENFE in 1950 .

In the years that followed, the 1,668 mm wide-gauge network (1,672 mm until 1955) was extensively modernized. In this way, some new construction projects such as the Sierra de la Culebra line in 1959 or the connection from Madrid to Burgos completed in 1968 could be realized. As a result of progressive motorization, however, countless narrow-gauge railways were shut down . In order to prevent a large part of the rail traffic from being paralyzed by the bankruptcy of the operators, the company FEVE was initially founded as a state-owned company with the aim of taking over these operators in trust. Unprofitable lines were shut down, including some broad gauge lines. Between 1969 and 1995, the expansion of the route network decreased from 13,691 km to 12,280 km.

Entry into high-speed traffic

In 1985 the company's share in the modal split was seven percent. As a result, there were line closures, but also a debate about the future of the railways through high-speed lines. Renfe also benefited from Spain joining the European Community in 1986. In 1992, the first high-speed line was built for the high-speed train AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) between Madrid and Seville . With foresight, this was carried out in the European standard gauge .

Map of the Spanish high-speed network:
  • in operation
  • under construction
  • planned
  • partly in operation
  • In Spain, the following high-speed lines were built in European standard gauge (1435 millimeters) between 1992 and 2013:

    Standard
    - gauge high-speed line
    Part of the route length opening
    Madrid – Seville 472 km 1992
    Branch to Toledo 21 km 2005
    Branch to Antequera 97 km 2006
    Madrid – Barcelona –
    French border
    Madrid – Zaragoza 307 km 2002
    Junction Saragossa – Huesca 79 km 2003
    Zaragoza – Barcelona 316 km 2003-2008
    Barcelona – French border 151 km 2010-2013
    Madrid – Valladolid 180 km 2007
    Branch to Zamora 99 km 2015
    Madrid – Levante Madrid – Valencia 391 km 2010
    Branch to Albacete 80 km 2013

    Some existing broad-gauge lines have also been expanded for high-speed traffic, mostly these are an extension of the standard-gauge lines, so that trains that can be re-gauged are used, see lane changeover in Spain . The high-speed train Euromed is used on the purely broad-gauge connection Barcelona - Valencia - Alicante (called Corredor Mediterráneo) . RENFE's repair shop for high-speed trains is located at Villaseca de la Sagra at the aforementioned junction to Toledo .

    Reorganization and liberalization from 2005

    Map of the Spanish railroad network with color-coded route types in 2005

    As a preparatory measure for the competition on the railways, Renfe was officially dissolved on December 31, 2004 after 63 years. Two new companies were created for this, the Renfe Operadora and the Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias (Adif). Since then, Renfe Operadora has been a pure passenger and goods transport company, with long-distance passenger rail transport and freight transport being operated independently from now on; the area of ​​local rail passenger transport (including regional transport) will continue to be subsidized by the state as part of the general basic service. The railway infrastructure network is operated by the newly founded railway infrastructure company Adif. At the same time, the entire freight traffic was opened to private competition from 2005 onwards, but the actual market opening took place only slowly with a share of private operators in 2011 at only approx. 12% of the transport performance.

    At the beginning of 2013, RENFE also took over the entire operation of FEVE's passenger and freight traffic on the meter- gauge network . The FEVE network was transferred to Adif.

    In July 2013 the Spanish government announced an opening of long-distance passenger rail transport, with the opening of the network to private operators by the end of 2014; In the local rail passenger transport sector, the state should also tender services as concessions, for which private operators can also apply. Similar to Germany under the regionalization law. As part of this market opening, RENFE is to be split into 4 sub-areas: passenger transport, freight transport, maintenance and a leasing company that is to rent surplus material to competitors.

    Types of trains and rolling stock

    Train types

    genus description material
    Long haul high-speed services
    AVE Long-distance connections with standard-gauge high-speed trains (≥ 300 km / h) Series 100 , Series 102 u. 112 , series 103
    Avlo Low-price high-speed trains (≥ 300 km / h) 112 series
    AV City Low-price high-speed trains (≤ 250 km / h) Series 104, 114 and 121
    Altaria Long-haul connections with locomotive- hauled, retractable Talgo sets with speeds of up to 200 km / h Electric locomotive: Class 252
    Diesel locomotive: Class 334
    Euromed Re-trackable high-speed service (≤ 250 km / h) on the Figueres – Barcelona – Valencia – Alicante route 130 series
    Alvia Re-trackable high-speed multiple units and multiple units (≤ 250 km / h) Series 120 , series 130
    Long distance trains
    InterCity Passenger trains that fill the gap between high-quality regional and long-distance traffic, sometimes on high-speed lines (≤ 250 km / h) Classes 120, 121, 449 , 598 , 599 and trains hauled by locomotives (Class 252)
    Talgo Passenger trains with locomotive- hauled , partially re-gauging Talgo sets; individual trains also ran to France until the end of 2013 Trains hauled by a locomotive
    Trenhotel
    ( EuroNight )
    Night trains with locomotive- hauled Talgo sets , some of which can be re-gauged, international traffic to Lisbon , until the end of 2013 also as the “ Elipsos Trenhotel” to Paris Trains hauled by a locomotive
    Medium-distance trains
    Avant Standard-gauge high-speed trains (≤ 250 km / h) with a journey time of less than 90 minutes Series 104, 114, 121 and 130
    Regional Broad-gauge regional trains that usually stop at all stops and often connect smaller towns with the provincial capital Diesel multiple units: Series 592, 596
    Electric multiple units: Series 440, 470
    Regional express Broad-gauge, accelerated regional trains do not stop at all stations Diesel multiple units: Series 592, 596
    Electric multiple units: Series 440, 448, 470
    MD Broad-gauge comfort trains requiring reservations for accelerated regional traffic Diesel multiple units: series 598, 599
    electric multiple units: series 449
    TRD Wide-gauge, diesel-powered comfort trains requiring reservations for accelerated regional traffic Series 594
    Local trains
    Cercanías S-Bahn trains with wide and meter gauge that run in the greater Asturias, Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastián, Madrid, Saragossa, Barcelona, ​​Valencia, Murcia, Alicante, Malaga, Seville and Cádiz areas Series 440 / R, 442, 446, 447, 450/451, 592, CIVIA (463-465)

    Former train types (among others)

    genus description material
    Long haul high-speed services
    Alaris High-speed service (≤ 200 km / h) on the broad-gauge lines Madrid – Valencia – Castellón and Barcelona – Valencia – Seville / Málaga, discontinued in 2013 490 series
    Arco Broad-gauge high-speed service (≤ 200 km / h), discontinued since September 2014 Electric locomotive: Class 252
    diesel locomotives: 333, 334, 319
    Long distance trains
    Diurno Classic day trains, discontinued in June 2012 Trains hauled by a locomotive
    Tren Estrella Classic night trains in the broad gauge network, discontinued since April 2015 Trains hauled by a locomotive
    Medium-distance trains
    R-594, R-598 Wide-gauge diesel-powered comfort trains requiring reservation for accelerated regional traffic, discontinued since 2012 Series 594, 598

    Rolling stock

    Electric multiple units in high-speed traffic

    AVE series 102 from Talgo .
    Resurable high-speed train of the 120 series .
    model series number Operation since Max. Speed
    (km / h)
    Gauge Remarks
    100 24 1992 300 Standard gauge based on TGV Atlantique
    102 16 2005 330 Standard gauge
    103 26th 2007 350 Standard gauge Siemens Velaro E, based on the ICE 3
    104 20th 2005 250 Standard gauge based on the 490 series
    , runs as Avant
    112 30th 2008 330 Standard gauge based on series 102
    114 13 2008 250 Standard gauge based on FS ETR 600
    operates as Avant
    120 28 2006 250/220 Normal / wide
    (able to change lanes)
    runs as Alvia u. Alaris
    121 29 2008 250/220 Normal / wide
    (able to change lanes)
    based on series 120
    130 45 2007 250/220 Normal / wide
    (able to change lanes)
    operates as Alvia , Avant and Euromed
    490 10 1999 220 Broad gauge wrong as Alaris

    Electric locomotives

    RENFE class 252. It is derived from the DB 120.1 and is considered the immediate predecessor of the Eurosprinter .
    RENFE series 269
    RENFE series 333.3
    model series number Operation since Max. Speed
    (km / h)
    Gauge Remarks
    251 28 1982 140 Broad gauge in freight train service
    252 75 1992 220 Normalsp.
    + Broadsp.
    Further development of the DB 120.1
    for express and freight train service
    253 100 2008 140 Broad gauge in freight train service
    269 176 1973 100-160 Broad gauge in passenger and freight train service
    289.100 9 1969 80-130 Broad gauge in freight train service

    Diesel locomotives

    model series number Operation since Max. Speed
    (km / h)
    Gauge Remarks
    311 8th 1991 90 Broad gauge Shunting locomotive
    SBB Am 841 in Switzerland
    319 81 1984 140 Normalsp.
    + Broadsp.
    in passenger and freight train service
    333 93 1974 160 Broad gauge in passenger and freight train service
    334 28 2006 200 Broad gauge Further development of the BR 333
    for passenger transport

    Electric multiple units for regional and local traffic

    RENFE series 442,
    the only RENFE train with meter gauge and 1.5kV = power system
    model series number Operation since Max. Speed
    (km / h)
    Gauge Remarks
    440 / R 132 1974 140 Broad gauge in regional and local transport (440R)
    442 5 1976 60 Meter gauge Service in transport Madrid (Line C9)
    446 166 1989 100 Broad gauge Local transport service
    447 183 1993 120 Broad gauge Local transport service
    448 29 1987 160 Broad gauge Regional transport service
    449 57 2008 160
    (200)
    Broad gauge
    (normalsp.)
    Service in regional traffic
    (convertible to standard gauge)
    450/451 36 1994 140 Broad gauge Double-deck car
    service in local traffic
    463-465 237 2004 120-160 Broad gauge Better known as CIVIA
    local transport service
    470 55 1974 140 Broad gauge Further development of the BR 440
    service in regional traffic

    Diesel multiple units for regional and local traffic

    Series 599 for regional diesel transport.
    model series number Operation since Max. Speed
    (km / h)
    Gauge Remarks
    592 70 1981 120-140 Broad gauge Service in regional and local transport
    594 23 1997 160 21 only broadsp.
    2 lane changes
    Regional transport service
    596 13 1982 120 Broad gauge Further development of the BR 593
    service in regional traffic
    598 21st 2004 160 Broad gauge Tilting train
    service in regional traffic
    599 50 2008 160 Broad gauge Regional transport service

    As of September 14, 2010

    Serious accidents (extract)

    See also

    Web links

    Commons : Renfe Operadora  - collection of images, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. German Renfe operator
    2. ^ Richard Malins: Spain - a New Railway Mania? . In: Modern Railways . Vol. 66, No. 726, 2009, ISSN  0026-8356 , pp. 58-63.
    3. Test drive on the LAV Olmedo - Zamora on www.lok-report.de on October 23, 2015
    4. Trenes de mercancías al ralentí. El Pais, September 20, 2013, accessed January 3, 2014 (Spanish).
    5. ^ Las claves para la liberalización de Renfe y el fin del monopolio. Negocios.com, October 28, 2013, accessed January 3, 2014 (Spanish).
    6. Renfe suprime sin publicidad el tren nocturno a Madrid (Spanish). El Periódico de Catalunya website , April 8, 2015. Accessed May 3, 2015.