Cercanías Madrid

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Cercanías network (August 2017)

Cercanías Madrid is the suburban railway network of the Spanish capital Madrid and the surrounding cities in the autonomous community of Madrid . The Cercanías systems are operated by the Spanish railway company Renfe and correspond to a S-Bahn .

The route network is 370 km long, fully electrified and, with the exception of the C9 line, has at least two tracks. The trains run from around 4:00 a.m. to midnight. On the central underground section between Madrid's main train stations Atocha and Chamartín , several lines overlap and offer a cycle of 3 to 4 minutes. The CIVIS trains on lines C3 and C10 do not stop at all stations. By far the busiest line is the C5, which runs every 3.5 minutes during rush hour.

Route network

Trains

Five different series of multiple units operate on the Madrid Cercanías network:

Series 442
The series 442 runs exclusively on the narrow-gauge route of the C-9, the former Ferrocarril Eléctrico del Guadarrama, which connects the municipality of Cercedilla with the recreational and winter sports areas on the Sierra de Guadarrama Puerto de Navacerrada and Cotos . The two-car units consisting of railcars and control cars, which were derived from the Be 4/4 26 and 27 of the Lausanne – Echallens – Bercher Railway from 1966, were built in 1976, reach a top speed of 60 km / h and offer space for 260 passengers.

446 series The 446 series
trains have been built since 1987 and are the most widely used trains and are used on almost all lines. The maximum speed is 100 km / h, 704 passengers can be carried in a three-car unit (204 of them are seated). Usually two units are coupled to form a six-car train. The intermediate cars have no drive, but they carry pantographs and roof equipment.

Series 447
The trains of the series 447 have been built since 1992 and are similar to the series 446. The maximum speed is 120 km / h, 702 passengers (234 seats) can be carried in a three-car train. They are mostly used on lines C2, C7, C8 and C10.

Series 450
These are double-deck cars that have been built since 1990. In the early days, the medium and control cars delivered first ran as push-pull trains with locomotives of the 269.2 series. After railcars were also available, trains with three (series 451) and six cars (series 450) were formed. The double-deck coaches were derived from French coaches. The entrances for the middle and control cars are above the bogies in the mezzanine, for the railcars they were moved towards the middle of the car because of the space required for the traction equipment. The cars are connected to one another with screw couplings; Scharfenberg couplings are available at the ends of the cab. The three-car units of the 451 series were handed over to Barcelona. Only long trains with six cars now run in Madrid. They are mostly used on lines C2, C7, C8 and C10. The maximum speed is 140 km / h, a six-car train offers space for 1840 passengers (1008 of them on seats with a seat division of 2 + 3).

Series 463/464/465
The trains, also known as Civia , have been built since 2003 and reach a top speed of 140 km / h. They exist as three-, four- or five-car trains, each with their own series designation, and are currently mainly used on the C1, C3, C4, C7 and C10 lines. The units are articulated trains with Jakobs bogies . For the first time, the "Civia" units have an intermediate car with a lowered car floor between the Jakobs bogies, which, in conjunction with the usual platforms, provides a stepless entry especially for passengers with reduced mobility.

  • Row 442

  • Row 446

  • Row 447

  • Row 450

  • Row 465

history

Entrance to the station on the Puerta del Sol .

The first railway line in the region (the second in Spain) was built between Madrid and Aranjuez in 1851 . Two companies soon dominated the Spanish railway network: The Compañía del Norte operated the route to the Atlantic coast from the north station (Estación del Norte, today Príncipe Pío ). The Madrid-Zaragoza-Alicante company (MZA) operated the routes to the Mediterranean coast and Andalusia from Atocha station . From Delicias train station from which trains operated by Lisbon .

In 1941, after the end of the Spanish Civil War , the financially troubled railway companies were nationalized and merged into the Renfe company . It was not until the 1960s that the cities around Madrid began to grow rapidly. This meant that the few suburban lines had to be expanded. In 1976 a line to Móstoles was built in Spanish broad gauge , which replaced a narrow-gauge railway that was closed in 1970. At the beginning of the 1970s, the Chamartín station was rebuilt and all trains were diverted to the two main stations: Chamartín for the trains to the north and northeast, Atocha for the trains to the south and west. Both main train stations were connected by a tunnel under the city center. Because of the decades of construction, this tunnel is popularly referred to as " túnel de la risa " (tunnel of laughter).

At the beginning of the 1990s, Renfe divided its passenger train offering into several business areas. The Madrid suburban trains were grouped under the name Cercanías. Around the same time, there was above-average growth in the northwest. Renfe renamed the north station in Príncipe Pío and connected it with Atocha by a tunnel section that was mostly driven by shield driving. This project, called "Pasillo Verde" (green corridor) also included new roads and housing projects and was completed in 1997. This created a ring line that is fully used by the trains on line C-7. In 2001, line C1 was extended to Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los Reyes . In 2003 line C7 was extended to Colmenar Viejo , and in 2004 line C5 to Humanes .

The Cercanías were the target of the Madrid train attacks on March 11, 2004 . Four trains on the route from Guadalajara / Alcalá de Henares were affected. 191 people were killed by the exploding bombs.

In 2008, a second tunnel went into operation between the main train stations Atocha and Chamartín , at which point the first had already reached its capacity limit. About a year after the opening of the new connection, on which the C-3 and C-4 lines operate, the Sol station was inaugurated under the downtown Puerta del Sol .

The new C-1 line opened on September 22, 2011, and runs from Príncipe Pío via the two main train stations Atocha and Chamartín to the new Terminal T4 at Madrid-Barajas Airport .

The routes on the heavily used C-5 line, which run through two long tunnels in the city and are only connected to the rest of the route network in the Atocha and Villaverde Alto stations, are equipped with linear train control.

In order to increase capacity, the Cercanías route network will be equipped with ETCS Level 2 . On March 1, 2012, ETCS Level 1 went into operation on line C4. Test drives with ETCS Level 2 took place in the same month. This was the first time that ETCS was used in a European local transport system. The equipping of 190 kilometers of track - between Parla , via the Madrid train stations Atocha, Sol and Chamartín to Colmenar Viejo and San Sebastián de los Reyes - cost more than 30 million euros and was financed by the Ministry of Transport. Equipping the vehicles (112 Civia multiple units) cost 23 million euros. Test drives under ETCS Level 2 took place at the end of March 2012.

ETCS Level 2 with automatic operation (ATO) is to be used in the new inner city tunnel between Atocha and Chamartín. The tunnel was opened in 2008 initially with conventional signaling and train control ( ASFA ). Invensys Rail was commissioned to equip the tunnel with ETCS Level 2. ETCS Level 1 is to be used on the outer branches. The development of the automatic driving operation (ATO) was initially not implemented due to financial bottlenecks.

Web links

Commons : Cercanías Madrid  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Suburban ETCS goes live . In: Railway Gazette International . tape 168 , no. 4 , 2012, ISSN  0373-5346 , p. 7 (among other titles online ).
  2. ↑ a b c ETCS Level 2 on test in Madrid. In: railwaygazette.com. March 27, 2012, accessed June 24, 2016 .
  3. ↑ ERTMS Level 2 testing starts in the Commuter Network of Madrid. In: thalesgroup.com. Thales , March 26, 2012, archived from the original on June 24, 2016 ; accessed on June 24, 2016 .
  4. ^ Ian Mitchell: ETCS or CBTC on cross-city links? In: Railway Gazette International . tape 169 , no. 4 , 2013, ISSN  0373-5346 , p. 32-36 .