Emporion

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Southern gate of the Neapolis of Empúries , an emporion in the northeast of today's Spain.

As Emporion ( ancient Greek ἐμπόριον emporion , Latin emporium ) is in the ancient times since Herodotus , an independent market and trading center called a city that was created as a commercial establishment outside the mother country, or was even entertain in their home country as a transit point for foreign goods. Since long-distance trade was largely carried out via coastal shipping in antiquity, it is usually a port. As an early appearance of ancient trade relations, an emporion was often the starting point for later settlements and colony foundations. In research, the term is used to delimit colony foundations that were created as full-fledged polis and were independent of their mother city after a founding phase.

In modern times, such a trading center can be addressed as a free port with a commodity exchange, which had its own special customs, monetary and commercial rights. A typical and best-known example is Naukratis , which was the only Greek subsidiary that was allowed to be founded in Egypt - with significant participation from the city of Miletus . Another well-known Emporion is Massalia , which was built in the 6th century BC. Was founded by the Phocaeans. Finally, a group of cities on the North African coast was called Emporia , in the narrower sense the cities of the Syrtis Minor and in a wider sense also the cities of the Byssatis or the Tripolitania or the Byssatis and the Tripolitania.

As ancient places where Emporion is a form or part of the name are to be mentioned (from west to east):

  • Emporion or Emporiae on the Iberian Mediterranean coast, by Greeks in the 6th century BC. Founded, still bears the name today ( Catalan Empúries , Spanish Ampurias )
  • in Rome in the early 2nd century BC River port built on the Tiber, see Emporium
  • Emporion Segestanon on the north coast of Sicily
  • Emporion on the north coast of Calabria
  • Emporium Piretensium , Roman trading post in Moesia inferior
  • Emporium Discoduraterae , Roman trading post in Moesia inferior
  • Mouza Emporion on the coast of Arabia felix , today's Yemen
  • Mosylon Emporion in the Horn of Africa
  • Aromata Emporion in the Horn of Africa
  • Monoglosson Emporion on the west coast of India

Emporio on Chios was an existing one since the early Neolithic, around 1100 BC. A settlement that was destroyed in BC and was repopulated at the beginning of the Archaic period and reveals a strong Greek character. See also Emporio .

literature

  • John Boardman: Colonies and Commerce of the Greeks. Munich 1981.
  • Robert Laffineur (Ed.): Aegeans in the central and eastern Mediterranean; Proceedings of the 10th International Aegean Conference, Athens, Italian School of Archeology, April 14-18, 2004. 2 volumes. Liege 2005.
  • Sitta of Reden : Emporion. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01473-8 , column 1020 f.

Individual evidence

  1. Werner Huss : Emporia. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 3, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01473-8 , Sp. 1018.
  2. Emporion Segestanon in the Pleiades database
  3. Emporion in the Pleiades database
  4. Strabo Geography 6.1.5
  5. Emporium Piretensium in the Pleiades database
  6. Emporium Discoduraterae in the Pleiades database
  7. ^ Mouza Emporion in the Pleiades database
  8. Mosylon Emporion in the Pleiades database
  9. ^ Aromata Emporion in the Pleiades database
  10. Monoglosson Emporion in the Pleiades database
  11. Emporio in the Pleiades database
  12. ^ Prehistoric Emporio