Mobile, Alabama
| mobile | |
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| Nickname : The Port City, Azalea City, The City of Six Flags | |
 Mobile skyline |
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| Location of Mobile, Alabama | |
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| Basic data | |
| Foundation : | 1702 |
| State : | United States |
| State : | Alabama |
| County : | Mobile County |
| Coordinates : | 30 ° 42 ′ N , 88 ° 3 ′ W |
| Time zone : | Central ( UTC − 6 / −5 ) |
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Inhabitants : - Metropolitan Area : |
192,904 (as of 2016) 414,836 (as of 2016) |
| Population density : | 631.9 inhabitants per km 2 |
| Area : | 412.9 km 2 (approx. 159 mi 2 ) of which 305.3 km 2 (approx. 118 mi 2 ) is land |
| Height : | 3 m |
| Postcodes : | 36601-36695 |
| Area code : | +1 251 |
| FIPS : | 01-50000 |
| GNIS ID : | 0155153 |
| Website : | www.cityofmobile.org |
| Mayor : | Sandy Stimpson ( R ) |
Mobile [ moʊˈbi: l ] is the administrative seat of Mobile County in the US state of Alabama , USA . It lies at the mouth of the Mobile River in Mobile Bay and is the largest port city of Alabama.
Naming
Both the name of the county, the river, the bay and the city are derived from Fort Louis de la Mobile , a French fortress founded in 1702 (near present-day Axis, Alabama ). It is believed that the word "mobile" from "moeli" for "paddler" was derived from a language of the Choctaw Indians and refers to the Indian tribe of the same name Mobile .
history
Colonial times
The settlement by Europeans began as early as 1702 by French immigrants under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville . The settlement, which was one of the first in the south of today's USA, was about 43 km north of the present city; however, it turned out to be rather unsuitable as it was frequently flooded by the Mobile River . Therefore, in 1711, the decision was made to move downstream and Dauphin Islands was founded, a city that was even capital of the Louisiana Territory for a time in 1718 . Fort Condé was built in Mobile from 1724 to 1735 . In 1763 the French left Fort Condé and Great Britain took over the city, later Spain and finally the United States .
Civil war
1860 Alabama took on the part of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War in part. In August 1864, one of the last Confederate ports was captured by the Northern States in the Battle of Mobile Bay during the American Civil War. After the end of the war in 1865, there were still many Union soldiers in the city, and there were also several ammunition depots. On May 25, 1865, there was a serious explosion at a depot on Beauregard Street that contained about 300 tons of grenades. The buildings in the immediate vicinity of the camp were completely destroyed, two ships sank in the port and grenades were thrown far into the city area, where they detonated. As a result of the explosion, a city fire broke out, which devastated the northern part of Mobiles in particular. About 300 people died. The cause of the accident could never be finally clarified.
20th century
During the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Mobiles' population grew rapidly: from 40,000 (1900) to 60,000 (1920). During this time, the city received federal funding to expand the port. During and after the First World War, ship production began to become an important employer. In 1902, the city introduced racial segregation, which initially forbade African-Americans from using the same seats as white people on trams. Racial segregation was later extended to other areas of life. The Second World War resulted in an enormous increase in people and war production. Between 1940 and 1943, 89,000 people moved to Mobile. The Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding Company , Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation (a subsidiary of Waterman Steamship Corporation ) built in mobile destroyers and deminers. The US Army bought the Bates Field city airport and expanded it to become the Brookley Army Air Field . In 1981 this city was the scene of a murder for racist motives: the Afro-American Michael Donald was lynched by two members of the Ku Klux Klan. The case attracted nationwide attention. The Donalds family's civil lawsuit against the United Klans of America led to their bankruptcy.
Hurricane Katrina
Mobile also suffered from Hurricane Katrina , which hit the coast of the Gulf of Mexico on August 29, 2005. Compared to the port cities of Waveland and Biloxi , however, the damage was rather minor. Yet hundreds of houses were damaged or destroyed by the strong wind and the flooding. In addition, at least two people died in car accidents caused by Hurricane Katrina. The eleven-kilometer-long elevated bay bridge (“Bay Way”) had to be closed because the six-meter-high waves threatened to flood the road.
Along the shores of Mobile Bay , the damage was extensive: hundreds of houses were flooded and thousands of boats and docks were destroyed. The water stood two to seven meters high along the banks of the bay.
Flag and seal
In 1961 the seal and in December 1968 the flag in its current form was adopted. This also contains the flag of the Confederate States of America , which led to an unsuccessful debate about changing this flag.
economy
port
The port of Mobile, which was very well protected by the islands on the southern bay, developed into one of the largest seaports in the southern United States. The city was already prosperous in the 19th century with cotton shipping and the presence of the Navy . The port is still the most important economic factor in Mobile today.
Airbus factory
In February 2007 Airbus opened its own development facility (Airbus Americas Engineering) in Mobile. This plant, which started with 35 employees, has grown to a workforce of 220 (as of July 2012). The reasons for the development of this first development location outside of Europe is partly due to the strategy, the US dollar fluctuations and cushion in the development, on the other, the strengthening of the activities of Airbus and its parent company to EADS the opportunities for the sale of civilian and military aircraft in improve the US.
In June 2012, Airbus confirmed the planned construction of a final assembly plant for the A320 family. It was inaugurated in September 2015.
Oil refinery
An oil refinery called Mobile Refinery operates in Mobile with a capacity of 16,700 barrels per day.
traffic
To the south of Mobile is Interstate 10 , which crosses the Mobile River in the George Wallace Tunnel . Interstate 65 begins in the southwest and extends north almost to Chicago . US Highways 43 , 45 , 90 and 98 also run through the city . Mobile Downtown Airport is five kilometers south of the city center .
Attractions
Historic architecture
Mobile has neoclassical , neo-Gothic , Italian-looking and Creole antebellum architecture - buildings that were built before the Civil War . Later architectural styles that are still widely represented in the city include Victorian structures, Shotgun Houses , Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival and Beaux-Arts. In early 2009, the city had nine historic districts: Old Dauphin Way, Oakleigh Garden , Lower Dauphin Street, Leinkauf, De Tonti Square, Church Street East, Ashland Place, Campground, and Midtown.
A number of other historical buildings are scattered across the urban area of Mobile. Historic church structures include Christ Church Cathedral, the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception , Government Street Presbyterian Church, and Trinity Episcopal Church. Two historic Roman Catholic monasteries, Convent and Academy of the Visitation and Convent of Mercy , have stood the test of time. Stone Street Baptist Church is a church founded by African American people in the 1840s. The Barton Academy is a historic neoclassical school building on Government Street. The Bishop Portier House and Carlen House are two examples of Creole Cottages in town. The Mobile City Hospital and the United States Marine Hospital, and the Washington Firehouse No. 5 are each neoclassical buildings that were built before the Civil War. The Hunter House is an example of Italian-style architecture and was built by an African American businesswoman who was successful in the 19th century. The Shepard House is an example of the Queen Anne style . The Scottish Rite Temple is the only remaining example of the Egyptian Revival style in Mobile. The Passenger Terminal of the Gulf, Mobile and Ohio Railroad was built in Mission Revival Style. The Conde-Charlotte House was the first courthouse in Mobile and was built on the site of Fort Condé, which was demolished in the 1840s.
In Mobile, a total of 113 structures and sites are registered in the National Register of Historic Places (as of December 11, 2019). Four of them have National Historic Landmark status : the battleship USS ALABAMA , the submarine USS DRUM , Mobile City Hall and Government Street Presbyterian Church .
There are also several historical cemeteries in the city that were founded after the colonial era and replaced Mobiles Camposanto , of which there are no more traces. Church Street Graveyard covers an area of more than 1.6 hectares and was established in 1819 at the height of the yellow fever epidemic . The Magnolia Cemetery, founded in 1836, was the main burial place in Mobile during the 19th century, and about 80,000 burials took place here. The Catholic Cemetery was created in 1848 on the initiative of the Archdiocese of Mobile . In addition to the burials of Roman Catholic friars and sisters, several other historically important people found their final resting place here. Mobiles Jewish community has existed since the 1820s and there are two Jewish cemeteries in the city area, Ahavas Chesed Cemetery and Sha'arai Shomayim Cemetery.
botany
Mobile is home to the Mobile Botanical Gardens , a 404,656 m² botanical garden .
Rivers of the city
- Catfish Bayou
- Chickasaw Creek
- Milkhouse Creek
- Moore Creek
- Rattlesnake Bayou
- Red Creek
- Spring Creek
- Stone Branch
Twin cities
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
Four sons of the city are in the Baseball Hall of Fame (Hall of Fame baseball immortalized): Hank Aaron , Willie McCovey , Satchel Paige and Ozzie Smith .
Honorary citizen
- Helene Freifrau von Bothmer (1908–1996), museum curator and model
Personalities related to the city
- Michael Portier (1795-1859), Roman Catholic clergyman and the first Bishop of Mobile (1825-1859)
- George Washington Owen (1796–1837), politician; Mayor of Mobile
- Edmund Strother Dargan (1805–1879), lawyer and politician; Mayor of Mobile
- Raphael Semmes (1809–1877), seaman, lawyer, captain, admiral and general; lived in mobile
- Dominic Manucy (1823-1885), Roman Catholic Bishop of Mobile (1884)
- Thomas Joseph Toolen (1886–1976), Roman Catholic Bishop of Mobile (1927–1969)
- Winston Groom (born 1943), author; grew up in mobile
- Jeff Sessions (born 1946), politician and senator; lives in mobile
- Michael Donald (1961-1981), African American who was lynched by two members of the Ku Klux Klan in Mobile; In 2006 Michael Donald Avenue in Mobile was named after him
- Robert William Howard (born 1963), professional wrestler ("Hardcore Holly"); lives in mobile
Others
- The country - and Rockabilly singer Curtis Gordon put the city in 1956, entitled Mobile, Alabama a musical monument.
- Mobile is one of the exemplary selected US cities in Ken Burns ' documentary series The War about World War II . The film describes the enormous military production and discrimination against African Americans during this period. The decision to train black people in higher-quality craft trades sparked racial unrest. Blacks were also victims of excessive violence when they challenged discriminatory segregation.
- In 1972, Mobile gave her honorary citizenship to the German-American Helene von Bothmer
- Mobile is the hometown of Forrest Gumps in the book.
Climate table
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Mobile, Alabama
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literature
- Michael VR Thomason (Ed.): Mobile: The New History of Alabama's First City. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa 2001, ISBN 978-0-8173-1065-3 .
swell
- ^ Mobile County, Alabama history. Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH), accessed September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ John R. Swanton: The Indian Tribes of North America . Genealogical Publishing Com, 1952, ISBN 978-0-8063-1730-4 , pp. 159 .
- ↑ Jesse O. McKee; Ada Elizabeth Deer: The Choctaw . Chelsea House Publishers, 2009, ISBN 1-4381-0370-0 , pp. 17 .
- ↑ Chris McNab: The Greatest Disasters in the World . Bassermann Verlag , Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8094-2088-0 , p. 164 ff .
- ↑ https://flagspot.net/flags/us-almob.html#200
- ↑ https://flagspot.net/flags/us-almob.html
- ↑ EADS Global Website - Where we operate: Mobile, Alabama, USA. eads.com, accessed September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Gesche Wüpper: Expansion: Airbus wants to secure European jobs with US plant. Welt online, July 2, 2012, accessed September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Welt am Sonntag September 13, 2015, p. 37 ( Europe should learn something ) - Interview with Airbus CEO fr: Fabrice Brégier .
- ↑ US Energy Information Administration: List of some US oil refineries (PDF; 46 kB)
- ↑ www.bighornoilandgas.com ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 28, 2015
- ^ Historic Districts Maps from the Mobile Historical Development Commission . In: Alabama Historical Commission . Retrieved December 15, 2010.
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↑ Search mask database in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed December 11, 2019.
Weekly List on the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed December 11, 2019. - ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: Alabama. National Park Service , accessed December 11, 2019.
- ↑ John Sturdivant Sledge: Church Street Graveyard . In: The Alabama Review . 55, April 2002, pp. 96-105.
- ^ "Welcome to the Magnolia Cemetery Website" . In: "Magnolia Cemetery website" . Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ John Sturdivant Sledge: Cities of Silence: A Guide to Mobile's Historic Cemeteries . University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 2002, pp. 66-79.
- ↑ John Sturdivant Sledge: Cities of Silence: A Guide to Mobile's Historic Cemeteries . University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 2002, pp. 80-89.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Online Directory: Alabama, USA . (PDF; 2.3 MB) (No longer available online.) In: SisterCities.org. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007 ; Retrieved May 5, 2007 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mobila Bay 2006 - An Economic Overview . (PDF; 2.3 MB) (No longer available online.) In: MobileChamber.com. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007 ; accessed in 2007 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
