Constanța

Constanța
Basic data
State :	Romania
Historical region :	Dobruja
Circle :	Constanța
Coordinates :	44 ° 11 ′  N , 28 ° 39 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 11 ′ 0 ″  N , 28 ° 39 ′ 0 ″  E
Time zone :	EET ( UTC +2)
Height :	28  m
Area :	121.66  km²
Residents :	283,872 (October 20, 2011)
Population density :	2,333 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	RO-900xxx
Telephone code :	(+40) 02 41
License plate :	CT
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type :	Municipality
Lord Mayor :	Decebal Făgădău ( PSD )
Postal address :	Bulevardul Tomis, no. 51 loc. Constanța, jud. Constanța, RO-900725
Website :	www.primaria-constanta.ro

Constanța ([ konˈstant͜sa ]; pronunciation ^{? / I} ; German Konstanza or Konstanz , also Constantza , formerly Küstendje , Turkish Kustendji , Kustendja , Köstence , Köstendsche , in ancient times Tomoi or Tomis and in late antiquity Constantiana ) is a port city in Romania on the Black Sea . With 283,872 inhabitants, it was the fifth largest city in the country in 2011 and the seat of the district of the same name .  

history

Foundation walls of the ancient Greek city of Tomis

Constanța was founded in the 7th century BC. Chr. Of Greeks from the Ionian Mutterstadt Miletus (Asia Minor) as Tomoi founded (Τόμοι), a later Roman town (Tomi) , in which also the from Rome exiled poet Ovid from 8 n. Chr lived. And died around the year 17 . At times it was under Dacian , Scythian and Celtic rule. Under the Roman Emperor Constantine I , the city was renamed Constantiana in honor of his sister and was an important metropolis. The city later shared the fate of the Roman Balkan provinces.

In the winter of 597/598 the city served the Eastern Roman general Priskos as a winter camp when the Avars surprisingly attacked him and locked him in the city. The siege, which lasted several months, was only ended with the approach of a Roman army under the general Komentiolos (→ Balkan campaigns of Maurikios ). In 679 Constanța was taken by the Bulgarians and remained under their rule until 1385, which was interrupted by the Byzantine reconquest between 971 and 1186 . After the city had belonged to the Principality of Wallachia for a few decades , it fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1420 . In 1878 Constanța was slammed into Romania as part of the North Dobrudscha as part of the Berlin Congress .

During World War I Constan Consta was occupied by the Central Powers , but was to remain with Romania through the Peace of Bucharest . In 1918 the city was finally liberated by the Allies. In the interwar period, the port city advanced to become the most important trading center in Romania. From the 1930s onwards, over half of national exports went through the port of Constanța. This was one of the reasons why the Second World War , in which Romania sided with the Axis powers , was one of the main targets of the Allied bombing raids in Romania. It was not until the early 1950s that people could recover from the destruction.

population

Mamaia beach with a view of Constanța

Along with Medgidia and Babadag, Constanța is the center of the Turkish and Tatar minorities in Romania as well as of Islam in Romania , which is shaped by the Turkic-Tatar minority. 6% of the city's population is Muslim. There is also a recently immigrated Arab minority who run a school in Constanța with Arabic and English as the language of instruction. The Turkish secondary school is in Medgidia.

In 1853 only 5204 people lived in the city; the Tatars (36%) and Greeks (30%) made up the majority. Only 5% were Romanians . As a result, the number of inhabitants increased steadily, at the same time the proportion of Romanians rose. In 1930 around 59,000 people lived in the city, including around 1450 Germans.

In the late 1950s the number of 100,000 residents was reached. In 1992 the maximum number of inhabitants was registered at 350,581, which has since declined significantly again. At the 2002 census, there were still 310,471 people living in Constanța, including around 286,000 Romanians, 9,000 Turks and Tatars, 3,000 Roma , 900 Russians or Lipovans , 500 Greeks, 400 Hungarians and Armenians and 200  Germans .

Economy and Transport

Constanța (right), with the large port of Agigea (center) on the Danube-Black Sea Canal

Port of Constanța

port

Immediately south of Constanța is the new large port of Agigea at the exit of the Danube-Black Sea Canal . Thus Constanța has a direct connection to the Danube and the Central European port cities. The Main-Danube Canal also enables the Constanța – Rotterdam shipping route to be an uninterrupted waterway between the Black Sea and the North Sea . Rotterdam is also an important twin city of Constanța. The container terminal in the port of Constanța has been operated by DP World Constanța , a subsidiary of DP World , since 2003 . The concession for this was extended to 2049 in 2019. The planned oil pipeline PEOP (Pan European Oil Pipeline) from Constanta to Trieste was originally supposed to go in 2012. Planning and construction have been stopped since 2010.

Constanța is already the largest port on the Black Sea and the turnover of goods is growing by 8 percent per year. In 2016, 46 million  t of goods were handled . Here transported inland vessels 13.2 million tonnes over the Danube.

City bus

City bus in pink

traffic

After Bucharest there is a motorway - and railway belong to the latter in addition to the people station Constanta, the largest railway stations in the shunting yard Palas and another rail yard for the port. There are also the seaside resorts Techirghiol , Mamaia , Eforie Nord , Eforie Sud and the international airport Aeroportul Internațional Mihail Kogălniceanu .

Public city transport is now served entirely by buses operated by the Regia Autonomă de Transport Constanța (RATC), which are mostly painted pink as a trademark. They run at regular intervals until 11 p.m., single tickets are available at the kiosks and multi-journey tickets at the small RATC sales points at larger hubs. The regional connections to neighboring cities such as Năvodari are offered by minibuses (approx. 20 seats, so-called minibus ) from Grup Media Sud , which run without a fixed timetable. The Constanța tram , which was only put into operation in 1984 , was decommissioned in November 2008; at last it consisted only of line 100 (Gară - Sat de Vacanța; near the entrance to Mamaia). In 2010, the Constan Consta trolleybus , which opened in 1959, was finally abandoned, which at last only consisted of the regular line 48 and the canceled line 48b.

In addition, some national long-distance bus routes start and end in Constanța .

Culture and sights

Casino and boardwalk

Buildings on Ovid Square

The History Museum in Ovid Square

The remarkable Casino ( Cazinoul ) Constanțas was built in 1910, renovated in 1986 and is now a listed building. After 1990 the building fell into disrepair and after a long back-and-forth and numerous attempts, a repair and renovation contract has been in place since December 2019, the work of which began on January 15, 2020, estimated to be 27 months. Since the end of 2013, the port city has had a renovated pedestrian area in the city center, which extends around Ovidiu Square.

Important sights in this area are:

nature

• Aquarium
• Dolphinarium with small animal zoo and park around a small lake (as a combined ticket)

history

• Archaeological Museum (Art Nouveau building)
• Mosaic Museum (trading house with Roman floor mosaic)
• Greek and Roman ruins (basilicas, imperial necropolises)
• 13th century lighthouse
• Folklore Museum (richly embroidered costumes from different parts of Romania are shown)

religion

• Byzantine basilica
• Carol I Mosque

music

• National Theater
• Opera
• Philharmonic

Fine arts / architecture

• Ovid monument in front of the History and Archeology Museum
• Sculpture collection by the artist Ion Jalea
• Constanța Art Museum (local artists, paintings and sculptures)
• Casino

technology

• Naval Museum
• planetarium

Sports

The FC Viitorul Constanta plays in the highest Romanian football league since 2012 found. Also leading in Romanian sport are HCM Constanța in handball and CVM Tomis Constanța in volleyball.

Twin cities

The city of Constanța names the following cities as twin cities:

Alexandria  Egypt Boulogne-sur-Mer    France Brest  France Busan *  South Korea Callao  Peru Cartagena de Indias  Colombia Dobrich *  Bulgaria Eskişehir  Turkey Genoa  Italy Havana  Cuba Heraklion  Greece Istanbul  Turkey Izmir  Turkey Latakia  Syria Logroño  Spain

Macassar  Indonesia mobile  United States Novorossiysk  Russia Odessa  Ukraine Rotterdam  Netherlands Sidon (Saida)    Lebanon St. Petersburg  Russia Santos  Brazil Silivri  Turkey Shanghai  People's Republic of China Sulmona  Italy Thessaloniki  Greece Trapani  Italy Turku  Finland Yokohama  Japan

^* Letters of intent exist with these cities.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Since 2015: Elizabeta Samara (* 1989), table tennis player

Born in Constanța

• Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (1906–1994), mathematician and economist
• Vintilă Cossini (1913-2000), football player
• Dumitru Antonescu (1945-2016), football player
• Harry Tavitian (* 1952), jazz musician
• Constantin Alexandru (1953-2014), wrestler
• Ion Moldovan (* 1954), football player and coach
• Paul Neagu (* 1954), bobsledder
• Evgeni Dybsky (* 1955), artist
• Mircea Bedivan (* 1957), handball player
• Ion Draica (* 1958), wrestler
• Claudiu Ionescu (* 1959), handball player
• Ovidiu Bădilă (1962-2001), double bass player
• Sevil Shhaideh (* 1964), politician
• Gheorge Crețu (* 1968), volleyball player and coach
• Decebal Badila (* 1968), jazz bassist
• Camelia Voinea (* 1970), artistic gymnast
• Sebastian Valentin Bodu (* 1970), politician
• Andrei Pavel (* 1974), tennis player
• Andrei Bănică (* 1977), rower
• Simona Amânar (* 1979), artistic gymnast
• Elena Băsescu (* 1980), politician
• Gabriel Moraru (* 1982), tennis player
• Sebastian Stan (* 1982), American actor
• Alessia (* 1983), singer
• Ianis Zicu (born 1983), football player
• Ionuț Gheorghe (* 1984), boxer
• Elena Pavel (* 1984), soccer player
• Horia Tecău (born 1985), tennis player
• Cătălina Ponor (* 1987), artistic gymnast
• Cristina Bujin (* 1988), track and field athlete
• Dorian Popa (* 1988), television actor and singer
• Daniela Șofronie (* 1988), artistic gymnast
• Vlad Achim (* 1989), soccer player
• Alexandru Mățel (* 1989), football player
• Elizabeta Samara (* 1989), table tennis player
• Alexandra Stan (* 1989), house singer
• Simona Halep (* 1991), tennis player
• Anamaria Tămârjan (* 1991), artistic gymnast
• Alex Florea (born 1991), pop singer
• Bogdan Țîru (* 1994), football player
• Cristian Manea (born 1997), football player
• Dragoș Nedelcu (* 1997), football player
• Raluca Georgiana Șerban (born 1997), tennis player

Climate table

Constanța
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     30th   4th -2     29   5 -1     26th   8th 2     30th   14th 7th     38   19th 12     40   24 16     30th   26th 18th     33   26th 18th     29   22nd 15th     31   17th 10     42   12 5     38   6th 1 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Constanța Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.7 4.9 8.1 13.8 19.3 23.8 25.9 25.8 22.4 17.0 11.6 6.4 O 15.3 Min. Temperature (° C) −2.3 −1.0 2.1 6.9 12.1 16.2 18.0 17.9 14.6 9.8 5.0 0.5 O 8.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 30th 29 26th 30th 38 40 30th 33 29 31 42 38 Σ 396 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.7 3.0 4.3 6.0 8.5 9.4 10.3 10.1 8.0 5.9 3.4 2.6 O 6.2 Rainy days ( d ) 5 5 5 5 6th 6th 5 3 3 4th 6th 6th Σ 59 Water temperature (° C) 4th 3 4th 9 14th 19th 22nd 23 20th 16 13 7th O 12.9 Humidity ( % ) 86 85 85 83 81 78 76 77 79 82 86 88 O 82.2 Source: wetterkontor.de

See also

• Novel “ The Last World ” by Christoph Ransmayr . The city of Constanța ( Tomoi / Tomis / Tomi) plays a central role in this novel.

literature

• Karl Georg Brandis : Constantiana . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IV, 1, Stuttgart 1900, Col. 959 f.

Web links

Commons : Constanța  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Homepage of the city of Constanța in Romanian / English
• Tour through Constanța on capper-online.de
• Detailed map of Constanța
• Homepage of the Town Hall of Constanța , Homepage of the Town Hall of Constanța (in English) ( Memento of November 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
• 96 pictures from the city ( Memento from April 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
• Some pictures of places of interest in Constanța ( Memento of August 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
• Thomas Schares: Konstanza / Constanţa. In: Online encyclopedia on the culture and history of Germans in Eastern Europe, 2012

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
3. ↑ Robert Stănciugel, Liliana Monica Bălaşa: Dobrogea în Secolele VII-XIX , Evolutie istorică, Bucharest 2005, ISBN 973-86782-3-4 , S. 202nd
4. ^ Map of the 1930 census , accessed on August 5, 2009
5. ↑ 2002 census , accessed on August 5, 2009
6. ↑ Wolfhart Fabarius: DP World extends with Port of Constanta . In: Daily port report of March 21, 2019, p. 13
7. ↑ Investments are worthwhile in these European countries ( Memento from November 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
8. ^ Peter Kleinort: More cover in Constantza. In: Daily port report from January 23, 2017, p. 4
9. ↑ Pictures on the history of the casino at adevarul.ro
10. ↑ List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture , updated 2010 (Romanian; PDF; 7.10 MB)
11. ↑ All bets are off: Inside the haunting remains of Romania's crumbling ghost casino at dailymail.co.uk, July 5, 2015, accessed on July 8, 2015 - photo report with video.
12. ↑ Restoration works kick off at Romania's Constanta casino on January 16, 2020 at romania-insider.com, accessed on May 6, 2020
13. ↑ Website Constanța - Oraşe infrăţite , accessed on March 14, 2017
14. ↑ Gheorge Crețu, coach of the Estonian national volleyball team for men from cev.eu accessed on August 28, 2016 (English)