Bistrița

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Bistrița
Bistritz
Beszterce
Coat of arms of Bistrița
Bistrița (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Transylvania
Circle : Bistrița-Năsăud
Coordinates : 47 ° 8 '  N , 24 ° 30'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 8 '28 "  N , 24 ° 30' 27"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 356  m
Residents : 75,076 (October 20, 2011)
Postal code : 420040
Telephone code : (+40) 02 63
License plate : BN
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Structure : 6 districts / cadastral communities: Ghinda , Sărata , Sigmir , Slătinița , Unirea , Viișoara
Mayor : Ovidiu Teodor Crețu ( PSD )
Postal address : P-ța Centrală, no. 6
loc. Bistrița, jud Bistrița-Năsăud, RO – 420040
Website :
Bistrița (red square) - Romania - Neighboring towns: Târgu Mureș , Turda , Dej , Baia Mare
Bistritz in the 18th century
Bistritz 1911 - Holzstrasse
Evangelical parish church, June 11th 2008, the church tower from the 16th century is burning

Bistrița ( [ˈbistrit͡sa] ? / I , German Bistritz , Hungarian Beszterce [ ˈbɛstɛrt͜sɛ ]) is a city in northeastern Transylvania in the Bistrița-Năsăud district in Romania . Bistrița is the center of the Nösnerland . The river Bistrița flows through the city . Nearby is the Bârgău Mountains , on the slopes of which there is also a wine-growing area. The old German name Nösen also denotes Bistritz. Audio file / audio sample  

history

The region around Bistrița was inhabited at least since Roman times . At the beginning of the second century, the Livezile Fort was about four kilometers northeast of the city and Orheiu Bistriței Fort about seven kilometers southeast . In addition, there were isolated Limes watchtowers south of the village.

The city itself was founded in the 12th century by German settlers, the Transylvanian Saxons as a primary settlement. The first written reference is found in a report on the Mongol invasion of 1241, which states that on Easter Tuesday that year Tartars the market Nosa had destroyed. In 1264 the place was first mentioned as a city, at that time still under the name Nösen .

In 1308 the Bistritz mark was mentioned as a means of payment. In 1353 the city received market rights and the right to its own seal. Finally, in 1366, it and its surrounding area benefited from the rights of the Golden Charter . Subsequently, Bistritz developed into a kind of city ​​republic , guided by its merchants and guilds. As the center of the so-called Nösnergau , the city had supra-regional importance and was the northernmost outpost of the Königsboden .

From around 1523 writings by Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchton came to the city. The Reformation was introduced around 1550 because the estates had given each other a free choice of faith.

Until 1919 Bistritz belonged to Austria-Hungary . Between 1919 and 1940 the city was Romanian , after that, by the 2nd Vienna arbitration award, it was Hungarian again until 1944 . In autumn 1944 the German residents were evacuated by the Wehrmacht . Since the end of the Second World War, the city has belonged to Romania.

structure

The city's districts are Ghinda (Windau), Sărata (salt), Sigmir (Schönbirk), Slătinița (Pintak), Unirea (Wallendorf) and Viișoara (Heidendorf) .

population

Until around 1890, 60.6% German-speaking and 25% Romanian -speaking people lived in Bistrița . The highest number (82,336) in the village itself - at the same time that of the Romanians (74.323) and that of the Roma (1368) - was counted in 1992, that of the Magyars (7374) in 1941, that of the Germans (5887) in 1900. In 2002, 81,259 inhabitants were registered in the city. Of these, 73,613 identified themselves as Romanians, 5204 as Magyars, 1958 as Roma and 370 as Germans. Furthermore, since 1850, Ukrainians (highest number 38, 1930), Serbs (highest number 12, 1930) and Slovaks (highest number 133, 1890) have been registered with every admission . In 2011, 75,076 people were counted in the Bistrițas area.

economy

Bistrița is the location of two plants of Leoni AG , a development and system supplier to the automotive industry. Wiring systems are produced in the factories, which were inaugurated in 2002 and 2003.

Sports

The football club Gloria Bistrița plays in the Romanian League 1 in 2010/11 .

getting there

The closest airport is Cluj Airport , approx. 107 km away. This is used by some larger airports such as B. Frankfurt, Munich, Vienna and Budapest served.

Sights and cultural institutions

  • Evangelical parish church in the center of Bistritz with a 75 meter high tower, construction of which began in 1470 and was badly damaged by fire on June 11, 2008 while the restoration work was not yet fully completed. She also owns an organ made by Johannes Prause .
  • Evangelical rectory from the 14th century (renovated in 1998)
  • Local museum

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with Bistrița

Twin cities

See also

literature

  • Otto Dahinten: History of the city of Bistritz in Transylvania (= Studia Transylvanica. Volume 14). Edited from the estate by Ernst Wagner. Böhlau, Cologne et al. 1988, ISBN 3-412-04488-1 .
  • Gheorghe Mândrescu: Arhitectura in style renaştere la Bistriţa. Presa Universitatea Clujeana, Cluj-Napoca 1999, ISBN 973-595-038-3 .

Web links

Commons : Bistrița  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ^ Ulrich Andreas Vienna: Transylvania - pioneering region of religious freedom: Luther, Honterus and the effects of the Reformation . Schiller Verlag, Hermannstadt / Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-946954-05-7 , pp. 9-16 .
  4. ↑ Census, last updated November 1, 2008 (Hungarian; PDF; 1.2 MB)
  5. ↑ Stefan H. Hedrich at sevenbuerger.de
  6. ↑ Miron Cristea at crestinortodox.ro