Vienna arbitration award
The Vienna Arbitration Award , also known as the Vienna Diktat , are two arbitral awards in which arbitrators from the National Socialist German Reich and Fascist Italy tried to peacefully enforce the territorial claims of revisionist Hungary under Imperial Administrator Miklós Horthy against its neighbors. They made it possible for Hungary to peacefully occupy territories in today's Slovakia , Ukraine and Romania , which Hungary had lost with the Trianon Peace Treaty in 1920 as part of the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after the First World War and had since then tried to regain it.
First Vienna arbitration award
The First Vienna Arbitration Award was the result of the Vienna arbitrage of November 2, 1938 in the Vienna Belvedere , in which areas with a Hungarian majority in southern Slovakia and in Carpathian Ukraine were separated from Czechoslovakia and awarded to Hungary.
Second Vienna arbitration award
In 1940, Hungary was awarded a section of northern Transylvania and the districts of Szatmár / Satu Mare and Máramaros / Maramureș from Romania under German pressure in order to be able to integrate the Magyar Szekler into the Hungarian territory.
aftermath
However, Hungary had to cede these areas again in 1947 after it (like Romania) participated on the German side in the attack on the Soviet Union in 1941 and was one of the losers in the war. Both measures were declared null and void by the Allies during the war and were formally annulled at the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 .
The areas of the first arbitration are now part of Slovakia , where the Magyars make up almost 10% of the population. This resulted in reprisals against the Magyars in Czechoslovakia , and even a total expulsion was planned, as with the German-speaking minorities. As an emergency solution, the communist leaderships of Czechoslovakia and Hungary agreed on a population exchange in February 1946. Around 70,000 people were resettled bilaterally. The minority issue there is not free of conflict into the 21st century - as it is for the Slovaks in Hungary . In Transylvania, too, there were revanchist attacks against Hungarian residents in addition to the expulsion of Germans .
