Paris Peace Conference 1946

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian-French border since 1947

The Paris Peace Conference , also known as the Conference of the 21 Nations , was a conference from July 29 to October 15, 1946, as a result of World War II .

The winners of the war, above all the Soviet Union , the United States , Great Britain and France , negotiated the terms of peace with the former allies of the German Empire Italy , Romania , Hungary , Bulgaria and Finland at this conference . The treaties were signed on February 10, 1947.

These treaties restored full state sovereignty to the losers of the war and enabled them to join the United Nations .

Content of the contracts

The terms in the peace treaties included war reparations , the introduction of minority rights and territorial losses. Italy had to give up its colonial empire in Africa and the Dodecanese and there were border changes

The policy stipulates that all signatories

"Have to take the necessary measures for all people existing in their sphere of influence, regardless of their race, gender, language or religion, so that they can enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms such as freedom of expression, freedom of the press and publication, freedom of religion, political opinion and Freedom of assembly is coming ”.

Since parts of the population fought as partisans on the side of the Allies during the war , no penalties were imposed on the population. Each government committed itself to action against a resurgence of fascists and others

"Political, military or paramilitary organizations whose purpose is the deprivation of political rights for the people".

In Finland, the dictated borders were perceived as a great injustice and betrayal by the Western powers. The Western powers had sympathized with Finland during the Winter War of 1939-1940 ; but now they tolerated the Soviet annexations that arose from the peace of Moscow in 1940 and the armistice of Moscow in 1944.

The question of war reparations turned out to be one of the most difficult post-war conditions. The Soviet Union insisted on the highest possible demands, with one exception for Bulgaria, which had not participated in the German-Soviet war .

In the treaties with Romania, Hungary and Finland, the reparation terms were set relatively high and no longer revised. However, in 1948 the Soviet Union canceled 50 percent of the reparations debt to Finland, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.

War reparations

All data in US dollars with prices at the 1938 level:

debtor total proportion of receiver
Italy $ 360 million $ 125 million Yugoslavia
$ 105 million Greece
$ 100 million Soviet Union
0$ 25 million Ethiopia
00$ 5 million Albania
Finland $ 300 million Soviet Union
Hungary $ 300 million $ 200 million Soviet Union
$ 100 million Czechoslovakia
and Yugoslavia
Romania $ 300 million Soviet Union
Bulgaria 0$ 70 million 0$ 45 million Greece
0$ 25 million Yugoslavia
Total $ 1,330 million
receiver total proportion of debtor
Yugoslavia $ 150 million $ 125 million Italy
0$ 25 million Bulgaria
Yugoslavia and
Czechoslovakia 		$ 100 million Hungary
Greece $ 150 million $ 105 million Italy
0$ 45 million Bulgaria
Soviet Union $ 900 million $ 100 million Italy
$ 300 million Finland
$ 200 million Hungary
$ 300 million Romania
Ethiopia 0$ 25 million Italy
Albania 00$ 5 million Italy
Total $ 1,330 million

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Theimer : Lexikon der Politik , pp. 102ff (Bulgaria), 204f (Finland), 574ff (Romania), 682 (Hungary). Lehnen Verlag Munich 1953
  2. ↑ Article 74 ff.
  3. ↑ Article 23
  4. ↑ Article 23
  5. ↑ Article 21