Craiova Treaty

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The southern Dobruja is marked in yellow

The Treaty of Craiova ( Bulgarian Крайовска спогодба ; Romanian Tratatul de la Craiova ) was signed on September 7, 1940 between the Tsarism of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Romania in Craiova . Under the terms of this treaty, Romania returned the southern third of the area of Dobruja to Bulgaria and agreed to take part in organizing a population exchange . The treaty was approved by Germany, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Italy, the United States and France.

Forced relocations as a result of the contract

The terms of the treaty provided for the compulsory resettlement of Romanian citizens of Bulgarian ethnicity living in North Dobruja to Bulgaria and the resettlement of ethnic Romanians living in South Dobruja to Romania. The forced relocations were euphemistically referred to as “population exchanges”. About 110,000 Romanians (80,000 of them from South Dobruja) were forced to leave their homes in South Dobruja and other parts of Bulgaria. Most of these Romanians were colonists who settled there from 1913 after the Second Balkan War and the Peace of Bucharest when the area was annexed by Romania. About 65,000 Bulgarians left their homeland in North Dobruja and settled in Bulgaria.

The forced resettlements also affected the Dobrudscha Germans , who mostly lived in the Romanian part of the Dobrudscha according to the Craiova Treaty, and to a lesser extent in the Bulgarian part according to the Craiova Treaty. She was " brought home " to the German Reich .

The treaty was confirmed by the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 (after World War II ) .

Larger cities in southern Dobruja, which went to Bulgaria with the treaty, are Dobrich and Silistra . The places Balchik and Tutrakan are also known .

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Edgar Hösch : History of the Balkan countries. From the early days to the present . CH Beck, Munich, 4th edition 2002, ISBN 3-406-49019-0 , p. 223.
  2. ↑ Josef Sallanz (ed.): The Dobrudscha. Ethnic minorities - cultural landscape - transformation (= practice cultural and social geography, vol. 35). Universitätsverlag Potsdam, Potsdam, 2nd, through. Edition 2005, ISBN 3-937786-76-7 , p. 16.
  3. ↑ Philipp Ther : The dark side of the nation states. “Ethnic Cleansing” in Modern Europe . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-525-36806-0 , p. 156.
  4. ↑ Dirk Jachomowski: The resettlement of the Bessarabia, Bukowina and Dobrudscha Germans. From the ethnic group in Romania to the “settlement bridge” on the border with the Reich (= book series of the Southeast German Historical Commission, vol. 32). Oldenbourg, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-486-52471-2 , pp. 114-127.