Craiova

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Craiova
Craiova Coat of Arms
Craiova (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Little Wallachia
Circle : Dolj
Coordinates : 44 ° 19 ′  N , 23 ° 48 ′  E Coordinates: 44 ° 19 ′ 0 ″  N , 23 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 100  m
Area : 81.41  km²
Residents : 269,506 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 3,310 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : RO-200xxx
Telephone code : (+40) 02 51
License plate : DJ
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Structure : 8 districts / cadastral communities: Făcăi , Izvorul Rece , Mofleni , Popoveni , Rovine , Șimnicul de Jos , Cernele , Cernele de Sus
Mayor : Lia-Olguța Vasilescu ( PSD + UNPR )
Postal address : Alexandru Ioan Cuza Street, nr.7
loc. Craiova, jud. Dolj, RO-200411
Website :
Others
City Festival : October
Craiova (red square) - Romania - Neighboring towns: Slatina , Calafat , Widin ( Bulgaria )
An electric locomotive made in Craiova (by Electroputere )
Ion Oblemenco Stadium

Craiova (  [ kraˈjova ] ; historically also Krajowa ) is the largest city in the historical region of Little Wallachia , capital of the Dolj district and the seat of the south-west planning region in Romania . It is located about 225 kilometers west of Bucharest . Please click to listen!Play

location

Craiova is located in the west of the Wallachian Plain , on the left bank of the Jiu (Schil) River .

history

In the area of ​​today's city existed since about 400-350 BC. A Dacian settlement called Pelendava . At the beginning of the 2nd century AD, the Romans built a camp here. This is listed in the Tabula Peutingeriana . Remains of the Roman fort have been excavated in the urban area.

The name Craiova comes from Slavic and means something like "royal city". Craiova is first mentioned at the time of the Wallachian prince Vladislav II, who ruled from 1448 to 1456. It was the residence of the Ban of Craiova since the reign of Prince Vlad Călugărul (1482–95) . The rulers belonged to the aristocratic Craioveşti family , from which several princes of Wallachia emerged . They owned more than 100 villages in Little Wallachia . From 1718 to 1738 Craiova belonged to Austria . In 1735 there were about 4,000 inhabitants in Craiova. In 1801 it was sacked by the Turks. In 1831 the Craiova Banat ended. In 1858 the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia united . Craiova thus lost its function as the traditional second capital of the Principality of Wallachia next to Bucharest . However, the city was a major commercial center and at the time of unification it was the second largest city in the country after Bucharest with a population of 25,000.

During World War I , Craiova was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian troops from 1916 to 1918 .

During the Second World War , there was a serious railway accident near Craiova : On November 2, 1944, a military train and a freight train collided. 60 people died and 100 were also injured.

Industry and craft

For a long time the city was characterized by handicrafts and small production facilities. Industrialization began in 1949 with the establishment of the locomotive manufacturer Electroputere . Under the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu , Oltcit SA , a joint venture between Citroën and the Romanian state , emerged in 1981 . Daewoo took over the Oltcit plant in the 1990s . Today Ford Romania manufactures various Ford models in addition to 1.0 liter EcoBoost engines.

The Softronic locomotive factory has existed since 1999 .

population

The city had 302,601 inhabitants at the 2002 census. Of these, around 292,000 were Romanians , 9,000 Roma and 200 each were Hungarians , Greeks , Italians and Germans .

The average annual population development is −0.8%. 13.7% of the people are unemployed. 15.5% of the population are under 15 years old, 3.0% are over 75 years old.

In January 2011 the number of inhabitants was 269,506.

traffic

Craiova is an important railway junction in the south-west of Romania. From the city there are railway lines to Orşova , Calafat , Piteşti and Bucharest. European routes 70 and 79 run through the city . Craiova Airport is seven kilometers east of the city center .

Urban public transport is provided by the Craiova tram, which opened in 1987, and a bus network.

Attractions

In the summer of 2014 Craiova's historic city center was renovated and opened to pedestrians. Most of the city's attractions are in this area:

  • House of the Bane (Casa Băniei) , built in 1699 under Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu . Oldest secular building in the city. From 1718 to 1738 seat of the Austrian administration.
House of the Bane (Casa Băniei)
  • Church of St. Demetrius (Biserica Sfântul Dumitru) , built in 1651 under Prince Matei Basarab .
Church of St. Demetrius (Biserica Sfântul Dumitru)
  • Church of Saint Iliad (Biserica Sfântul Ilie) , built in 1720 under Count Ilie Otetelisanu .
  • Art museum , in a French neo-baroque palace. It shows paintings by Nicolae Tonitza , Nicolae Grigorescu and other Romanian painters, but also works by the Dutch, Flemish, French and Italian schools, as well as the famous sculpture “The Kiss” by Constantin Brâncuși .
  • Hotel Minerva , built at the beginning of the 20th century in a bizarre mix of neo-Gothic and Art Nouveau styles .
  • Main building of Craiova University , built in 1890 as the Palace of Justice in neoclassical style. Since 1966 the seat of the university, which was at times internationally known through the football club Universitatea Craiova .
  • The "Elena Cuza" National College , founded in 1833 under the name "Girls' Boarding School Lazaro - Otetelisanu" by Iordache Otetelisanu, was the country's first boarding school for girls.
  • Prefecture , the administrative center of Dolj County, an imposing building built between 1907 and 1910 in the typical Romanian neo- Brâncoveanu style .
Prefecture , administrative center of Dolj County
  • National Theater , a modern building from the 1970s.
National Theater , from the 1970s
  • Opera House (Teatrul de Operă și Operetă Elena Teodorini)
  • Philharmonic (Filarmonica Oltenia)
  • Romanescu Park , a 90 hectare landscaped park, designed according to the plans of the Parisian architect E. Redont, who received the gold medal at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris.
Romanescu Park

sons and daughters of the town

Town twinning

Craiova maintains partnerships with:

  • FranceFrance Nanterre , France since 1970
  • FinlandFinland Kuopio , Finland since 1992
  • North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia Skopje , Macedonia since 1995
  • BulgariaBulgaria Wraza , Bulgaria since 1998
  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Shiyan , China since 1999

and friendship relationships with:

  • FranceFrance Lyon , France since 1991
  • SwedenSweden Uppsala , Sweden since 1999

Climate table

Craiova
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
38
 
2
-6
 
 
39
 
4th
-3
 
 
41
 
10
1
 
 
52
 
17th
6th
 
 
64
 
23
11
 
 
74
 
26th
14th
 
 
55
 
29
16
 
 
46
 
28
15th
 
 
37
 
25th
12
 
 
36
 
18th
6th
 
 
53
 
10
2
 
 
47
 
4th
-3
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Craiova
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.5 4.2 10.0 17.3 22.9 26.2 28.5 28.2 24.5 17.7 9.6 3.5 O 16.2
Min. Temperature (° C) -5.6 -3.3 0.7 5.7 10.9 13.8 15.7 15.3 11.8 6.2 1.6 -2.5 O 5.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 38 39 41 52 64 74 55 46 37 36 53 47 Σ 582
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.3 3.0 4.6 6.3 8.1 9.1 10.2 9.4 7.5 5.5 3.1 2.3 O 6th
Rainy days ( d ) 7th 7th 7th 8th 9 8th 6th 5 5 4th 8th 7th Σ 81
Humidity ( % ) 89 87 81 75 75 75 73 72 73 80 88 91 O 79.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.5
-5.6
4.2
-3.3
10.0
0.7
17.3
5.7
22.9
10.9
26.2
13.8
28.5
15.7
28.2
15.3
24.5
11.8
17.7
6.2
9.6
1.6
3.5
-2.5
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		38
39
41
52
64
74
55
46
37
36
53
47
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: wetterkontor.de

See also

Web links

Commons : Craiova  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b website of the city ( memento of October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on October 2, 2013
  4. ^ Peter WB Semmens: Catastrophes on rails. A worldwide documentation. Transpress, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-344-71030-3 , p. 112.
  5. ↑ Data from the 2002 census , accessed on August 8, 2009.
  6. ↑ Nicolae Drăgușin: Nicolae Titulescu: Patriot or Traitor on May 15, 2008 at romanialibera.ro ( Memento of October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Romanian).
  7. ↑ Information on Ion Țuculescu at ziarullumina.ro (Romanian).
  8. ↑ Alex Velea's website ( memento from June 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on August 28, 2016