Dobrich
| Dobrich (Добрич) | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Bulgaria
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| Oblast : | Dobrich | ||||
| Residents : | 83,584 (December 31, 2018 ) | ||||
| Coordinates : | 43 ° 34 ' N , 27 ° 50' E | ||||
| Height : | 225 m | ||||
| Postal code : | 9300 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 058 | ||||
| License plate : | TX | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Yordan Yordanov | ||||
Dobrich [ ˈdɔbritʃ ] ( Bulgarian Добрич ; Turkish. Pazarcık ; Romanian. Bazargic , formerly Tolbuchin ) is a city in northeastern Bulgaria with 86,292 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016). Until 1882 the city was called Pazarcık (Пазарджик, Bazardjik). During the time of the People's Republic of Bulgaria , it was renamed Tolbuchin after the Marshal of the Soviet Union of the same name and kept this name until 1990.
It is located in the middle of the southern Dobruja , 52 kilometers north of Varna and is the cultural and industrial center in a traditional grain-growing area between the lower reaches of the Danube and the Black Sea coast . Dobrich is the administrative center of Dobrich Oblast and the Dobrich Municipality.
In addition to wheat , maize , sugar beet , sunflowers and cotton and occasionally wine are also grown here.
Neighboring places
The city is located 30 km from the Black Sea located near the larger lakeside towns Albena , Kranewo , Gold beach , Balchik and Rusalka .
history
Today's urban area and its surroundings have been used as a granary since pre-Roman times because of the fertile black earth that occurs there, which brought the region into the focus of political and economic interests of the neighbors.
The first archaeological evidence of the city dates back to antiquity (4th – 3rd centuries BC to 2nd – 4th centuries CE) and the early Middle Ages (7th – 9th centuries CE). back. In the center of the city, archaeological excavations have uncovered old Bulgarian and pagan graves.
The devastating incursions of the Pechenegs , a Turkic tribe from the Volga regions, in the first third of the 11th century depopulated the interior of the Dobruja , and life in the settlements came to a standstill throughout the period of the Second Bulgarian Empire .
During the 16th century, a settlement was built again at this crossroads of trade routes. The trade routes from the Danube to the Black Sea and from Eastern Europe to the interior of the Balkan Peninsula ran here. It was founded by the Turkish trader Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (Хаджиоглу Пазарджик). The city carried this name until 1882. By 1650 the city had 1,000 houses, around 100 shops, three taverns, three baths, twelve mosques and twelve schools.
From 17th to 19th In the 19th century, the city developed as a center of handicrafts, trade and agriculture. The city was known for its fabrics, leather goods, and agricultural products - grain, flaxseed , unprocessed sheepskin , wool, and sheep cheese. The well-known Dobrich Fair has been held since 1851, where goods from wholesalers from Varna , Russe , Shumen and more distant cities were offered.
By the beginning of the 19th century the population grew to 12,000, mostly Turks. The first Bulgarian settlers came - after the Russo-Turkish wars (1810, 1828, 1845) - from the eastern parts of Bulgaria. After the Crimean War , a large group of Bulgarians settled from the Kotel region (Котленско). The city's cultural face gradually emerged. Sveti Georgi (Свети Георги), the first Bulgarian church in the village, was built in 1843. A Bulgarian school was not built until 1844.
On May 22, 1810 and June 25, 1828 Dobrich was liberated by the Russian army in the course of the Russo-Turkish wars 1806-12 and 1828-29 , but remained in Turkish hands after the peace of Bucharest and Adrianople .
In 1869 the city park was built for recreational purposes, a telegraph connection to Varna was set up, a post office was built and the city hospital was completed (construction started in 1866).
The Turkish rule ended on January 27, 1878. After the liberation from the foreign rule of the Ottoman Empire (1878) and the restoration of the Bulgarian state at the Berlin Congress on July 13, 1878, it was decided to split the Dobruja into two parts: the north went to Romania , the south to Bulgaria.
On February 19, 1882, the name of the city was changed from Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (Хаджиоглу Пазарджик) to Dobrich (Добрич) - after the name of a ruler of the Dobruja, the boyar Dobrotitsa (Добротица).
The political turmoil of the first decades of the 20th century and the three successive wars fought by Bulgaria were reflected in the development of the city.
After the end of the Second Balkan War , Dobrich and the South Dobruja (north of the line: Danube west of Tutrakan to the west coast of the Black Sea south of Ekrene (Kranewo) near Balchik ) fell to Romania in the Treaty of Bucharest on August 10, 1913. These large assignments comprised 286,000 inhabitants and an area of 6,960 km². They also included the fortress of Silistra , the city of Tutrakan on the Danube, and Balchik on the Black Sea. The first occupation by Romanian troops lasted until 1916.
During the First World War , on September 3, 1916, Bulgarian troops occupied southern Dobruja. In the Treaty of Neuilly (Ньойския мирен договор) on November 27, 1919, Bulgaria lost the area again to Romania and the southern Dobruja - and with it Dobrich - became Romanian territory again.
During the Second World War , the affiliation of the South Dobruja was reorganized. After long diplomatic efforts, the Romanian occupation ended with the signing of the Craiova Treaty (Крайовската спогодба) on September 7, 1940. The South Dobruja and with it Dobrich returned to Bulgaria. On September 25, 1940, the Bulgarian army marched into Dobrich. The city's public holiday is celebrated on this date every year. After the Second World War , the communist government of Bulgaria changed the name of the city to Tolbuchin in honor of Marshal of the Soviet Union F. I. Tolbuchin . After the turnaround in Bulgaria, the city was given its original Bulgarian name Dobrich back on September 19, 1990 by a resolution of the Council of Ministers and an order of the President.
present
The whole of southern Dobruja is very rural, and so Dobrich is today a rural provincial center - with mechanical engineering, a market, food and textile industries. In the center of the city there is an ethnographic museum where you can see the development of the city.
Another attraction is the television tower .
Today in the center there is an ethnographic complex with ancient workshops, in which the old handicraft traditions from the time of the rebirth are preserved.
In Dobrich and around a strong Turkish minority, including many Orthodox Christian Turks of the ethnic group that lives Gagauz .
The city is located on the Varna - Kardam railway line , but with 8 trains a day (including one to Sofia ) it is very poorly developed.
The city is namesake for Dobrich Knoll , a mountain on Livingston Island in Antarctica.
Names
Dobrich was called Bazargic (pronounced Basardschik) in Ottoman and Romanian times .
- 16th century to 1882: Hacıoğlu Pazarcık (Хаджиоглу Пазарджик) or Bazargic
- 1882–1913 Bulgarian territory: Dobrich
- 1913–1916 Romanian territory: Bazargic
- 1916–1919 Bulgarian territory: Dobrich
- 1919–1940 Romanian territory: Bazargic
- 1940–1949 Bulgarian territory: Dobrich
- 1949 to early 1990 ( communist period ): Tolbuchin , named after the Soviet commander Fyodor Ivanovich Tolbuchin (1894–1949). Marshal Tolbuchin led the invasion of the Soviet forces in Bulgaria in September 1944.
- Since September 19, 1990, the city has been renamed Dobrich by a resolution of the Council of Ministers.
Attractions
- Former synagogue , built in 1887
sons and daughters of the town
- Adriana Budewska (1878–1955), actress
- Dora Gabe (1886–1983), writer
- Peter Zwetkoff (1925–2012), Bulgarian-German composer
- Boris Nikolow (1929-2017), boxer
- Antonija Parvanova (* 1962), politician
- Krassimir Wassilew (* 1974), racing cyclist
- Vladimir Georgiev (* 1975), chess player
- Miro (* 1976), singer and composer
- Preslawa (born 1984), popfolk singer
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population by towns and sex. In: nsi.bg. Republic of Bulgaria - National Statistical Institute (NSI), April 12, 2019, accessed May 5, 2019 .
- ↑ National Statistical Institute of the Republic of Bulgaria 2011 Population Census in the Republic of Bulgaria , 2011, p. 16 (PDF; 1.5 MB)
- ↑ Сборник История русской армии
- ↑ Сборник История русской армии
- ↑ Official website of the city of Dobrich ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Chapter history
