Dewnya

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Devnya (Девня)
Coat of arms is missing
Help on coat of arms 		Map of Bulgaria, position of Devnya highlighted
Basic data
State : BulgariaBulgaria Bulgaria
Oblast : Varna
Residents : 7786  (December 31, 2018)
Coordinates : 43 ° 13 '  N , 27 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 13 '0 "  N , 27 ° 34' 0"  E
Height : 48 m
Postal code : 9160
Telephone code : (+359) 0519
License plate : B.
administration
Mayor : Vasil Ivanov
Website : www.devnia.bg
Devnja - Bulgaria - Neighboring places: Varna , Balchik , Dobrich , Kardam , Kaspichan , Shumen , Preslav , Karnobat , Aytos , Burgas

Dewnja [ ˈdɛvnjɐ ] (also written Devnya , Bulgarian Девня , in ancient Greek: Marcianopolis) is a city in northeastern Bulgaria , 25 km west of Varna . Nearby is the town of Provadia - 17 km west of Devnya. In the Varna Oblast , Devnja is the third largest city after Varna and Prowadija.

geography

The city is located at the northeast end of the Dewnja Valley, along the southern foothills of the Dobruja Plateau, on the western bank of Lake Belozlav (which is artificially connected to Lake Warna and the Black Sea), into which the two rivers Dewnja and Prowadija flow. The Black Sea is 25 km away.

The area is karstified . There are 25 springs, from which a total of 3500 liters of water flow per second, which is used for the drinking water supply of Dewnja and Varna, as well as for the local industry.

One of the largest springs, from which a large basin is fed, is open to visitors. In the area where the rivers flow into the lake, there are extensive wetlands that were once rich in fish but are now polluted by industrial waste.

history

Antiquity

Main article: Marcianopolis

In ancient times the city was called Marcianopolis (Greek Μαρκιανούπολις; Bulgarian Марцианопол) and was the capital of the Roman province Moesia inferior (Lower Moesia ).

Middle Ages, Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian Kingdom

The Slavs settled the Balkans in the 7th century AD. Since then, the name Marcianopolis has disappeared from historical sources. It is only used in ecclesiastical writings (see below - titular bishopric ).

The Slavic settlement in the area of ​​the ancient city of Marcianopolis was called Dewina , taken from the Indo-European * dhew- (i) na or * dhew-eina ("spring, spring, river, stream") in the Thracian language . But also related to the Slavic dewa (virgin). During the Middle Ages there was a small Bulgarian fortress on this site, possibly built under Omurtag in the 9th century , and expanded northward in the 10th or 11th century.

A large mass grave of the Bulgarians from the 9th century has been excavated. On July 17, 1279, the Battle of Dewnja took place here, which was fought between Tsar Iwajlo and the Byzantine army. The Byzantine troops had been sent to fight Iwajlos rival Ivan Assen III. to support, who also fought for the eligibility for the crown.

With the conquest of Bulgaria by Johannes Tzimiskes in 971, the city became Byzantine again and remained so until Bulgaria regained independence in 1187.

After the Ottoman Empire conquered the Balkans , the fortress was destroyed and abandoned. The settlement was moved a little further west. In a tax register ( Defter ) from 1573 the village of Dewne is mentioned. Other forms of the name are also documented by Bulgarian and foreign travelers from the 16th and 17th centuries, and the name was sometimes used to refer to the river.

It was not until 1829, during the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829) , that the ruins were rediscovered by the Russian archaeologist Ivan Pawlowitsch Blaramberg (Russian Иван Павлович Бларамберг; 1772-1831) as the well-known ancient city of Marcianopolis.

After the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule ( Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 ) the village was called Dewne until 1934 . After that it was given the current name Dewnja . The lower course of the Dewnja river of the same name has been an industrial center since the Ottoman period with many water mills that threshed the grain from neighboring southern Dobruja , the “granary” of Bulgaria, in which there were no major rivers.

Younger story

Until the 1950s Dewnja consisted of three villages - Dewnja (Девня), Reka Dewnja (Река Девня; German: River Dewnja ) and Markowo (Марково). Then the construction of chemical plants began and on August 27, 1969 Dewnja was declared a city. The city districts were called

  • Nanko Nedew (the former village of Devnya) - today the municipality of Devnya 1
  • Isworite (German sources ; the former village of Reka Dewnja)
  • Poweljanowo (the former village of Markowo)
  • Chimik (German chemist ; prefabricated residential area for chemical workers) - today almost uninhabited and dilapidated

The city is namesake for the Devnya Valley , a valley on Livingston Island in Antarctica.

economy

Map of the Varna-Devnya industrial complex. Coming from the Black Sea have seagoing vessels on the Varna Lake and the Beloslaw -See a connection to the so-called. Port Varna-West in devnya

Devnya was part of the Varna-Devnya industrial complex . Some factories were located nearby during the communist era of heavy industry. The city is a center of the chemical industry and therefore of national importance.

The four largest establishments in the city are:

With two train stations, Dewnja is also an important traffic junction for the port of Varna-West .

Community structure

The Dewnja municipality also includes the two villages of Kipra and Padina .

Attractions

Near the city (to the east) is the area of Pobiti Kameni (Побити камъни; Eng. Broken stones), a geological phenomenon in which numerous stone pillars that are 5 to 7 m high and a diameter of 0.3 to 3 m.

Another attraction are the remains of the ancient city of Marcianopolis , including an amphitheater and the attached Mosaic Museum (see: Marcianopolis # Mosaic Museum ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population by towns and sex. In: nsi.bg. Republic of Bulgaria - National Statistical Institute (NSI), April 12, 2019, accessed May 5, 2019 .