Königsboden
blue: Szekler ,
gray: Transylvanian Saxony - royal floor according to the law of the golden charter ,
yellow: aristocratic county floor
The Königsboden ( Hungarian Királyföld ) is an old region name, originally for the area that stretches between the rivers Alt and Große Kokel in Transylvania . In old documents and maps, Broos in the Unterwald is indicated as the western border and Draas in the Repser Ländchen as the easternmost point .
The name Königsboden indicates the special legal situation of the area in the Middle Ages. From the 12th century, the relatively sparsely populated area had been developed by German settlers and became a coherent royal property; The Hungarian King Géza II recruited settlers from the German Empire from 1146. Medieval sources then called the area terra regis or fundus regis . The Transylvanian Saxons living there were subject only to the King of Hungary, who gave them extensive privileges and special rights as well as a kind of statute of autonomy in the Golden Charter of 1224 (Andreanum) . These rights were soon extended to the Burzenland around Kronstadt and the Nösnerland with the suburb of Bistritz . This golden charter is the most far-reaching and best elaborated statute ever granted to German settlers in Eastern Europe.
In this area, the first settler groups of the Transylvanian Saxons were allocated land and farms. They founded their oldest cities and villages there. Later the seven chairs and the University of Nations developed on the Königsboden as administrative units as the political representation of the Transylvanian Saxons. The Königsboden was commonly referred to as Sachsenland due to its population .
After the Königsboden was an important basis for the legal status of the Transylvanian Saxons for several centuries - apart from short interruptions - it has only had historical significance since the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. After the First World War , Transylvania and with it the royal soil fell to Romania through the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. Today the area is mostly inhabited by Romanians.
Web links
- The maps of the Josephinische Landesaufnahme von Siebenbürgen (1769 to 1773) also show the former chair boundaries on Königsboden. See e.g. B. the partial map "Part of the Mediaser Stuhl and the Albenser Komitats" . Additional maps are accessible via the included sensitive map of the Grand Duchy of Transylvania.
literature
- Walter Myß (Ed.): The Transylvanian Saxony LEXICON . Wort und Welt Verlag - Kraft Verlag, 1993. ISBN 3-8083-2018-4 .
- Michael Kroner : History of the Transylvanian Saxons . Volume I, Part II, Haus der Heimat Verlag, Nuremberg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-021583-4 .