Drăușeni
|
Drăușeni Draas Homoróddaróc |
|||||
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : |
 Romania
|
||||
| Historical region : | Transylvania | ||||
| Circle : | Brașov | ||||
| Municipality : | Cața | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 8 ' N , 25 ° 19' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 484 m | ||||
| Residents : | 543 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 507042 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 68 | ||||
| License plate : | BV | ||||
| Structure and administration | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
Drăușeni ( German Draas , Hungarian Homoróddaróc ) is a village in the Brașov County in Transylvania , Romania . It is part of the municipality of Cața ( Katzendorf ).
The place is also known by the outdated Romanian names Draușeni , Draos , Draoș , Dras and Drasu , the German Drausz , Draes and Dräss and the Hungarian Daróc .
Geographical location
The village of Drăușeni is located in the east of the Transylvanian Basin - in the Subcarpathian Mountains - in the north of the Brașov district, seven kilometers north of the Cața community center and about 16 kilometers north of the small town of Rupea (Reps) . On the lower reaches of the Great Homorod - a source river of the Homorod - and on the district road (Drum județean) DJ 132B, the place is about 77 kilometers northwest of the district capital Brașov (Kronstadt) .
history
As the easternmost free settlement of the Transylvanian Saxons on historical royal soil in the Altland , the place Draas was first established in 1224 with the proclamation of the Sibiu freedom ("libertas Cibiniensis") where it says: a Waras usque in Boralt ("from Broos to Draas") by Andreas II of Hungary , mentioned in a document.
After the First World War , Draas was officially annexed to the Kingdom of Romania in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, like all of Transylvania . With the second Viennese award in 1940, Draas was the only Transylvanian-Saxon village in the Altland to return to Hungary . Until 1944 the village was right on the border with Romania. After the fall of the Wall, most of the Transylvanian Saxons who remained in the village moved to Germany in the 1990s.
Like many places, Draas also has a legend that says that the princes of the first immigrants stuck their swords into the ground, one in Broos and the second in Draas, marking the outermost points of the newly populated area. Then the swords were brought to the respective other place. This legendary Draas sword , which was kept in the choir of the church, has disappeared since the evacuation of the Transylvanian Saxons in World War II . The Brooser sword was already lost during the Turkish wars .
population
The population of the village developed as follows:
| census | Ethnic composition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | population | Romanians | Hungary | German | other |
| 1850 | 1,220 | 406 | 1 | 720 | 93 |
| 1920 | 1,027 | 340 | 59 | 618 | 10 |
| 1941 | 1,095 | 160 | 134 | 723 | 78 |
| 1966 | 819 | 179 | 612 | 28 | - |
| 1992 | 509 | 100 | 405 | 4th | - |
| 2002 | 543 | 97 | 436 | 5 | 5 |
In 1850 the largest population of the place - including the Romanians and Roma (87) - was registered. The highest proportion of Germans was in 1941 and Hungarians in 1966.
Until the end of the Second World War, mainly Transylvanian Saxons lived in the area of the municipality. With the withdrawal of the German troops in early September 1944, German officers ordered the evacuation of the Saxons from Draas and Katzendorf. After a journey of seven weeks , accompanied by 3-4 German soldiers, the trek arrived in Amstetten in Lower Austria . In April 1945, most of the refugees in the area around Amstetten were returned to Romania by the Red Army .
Today the village is mainly inhabited by Szeklers . The main occupations of the population are agriculture and livestock.
Attractions
Fortified church
The church building was erected at the beginning of the 13th century as a basilica with a three-aisled nave and a square choir , which closes with a semicircular apse . The four-story west tower was framed by the aisles in the lower area. The building was made of sandstone . Many stone decorations as well as stone friezes and capitals served as jewelry. In 1375 a 1.3 meter high mural with the legend of Saint Catherine was placed under the Lichtgaden .
To make the Basilica because of the escalating Turkish threat as a weir, at the end of the 15th century, the aisles were demolished, arcades between main and side aisles, the windows and the West portal down to narrow loopholes bricked up. The Katharinen-Freis was divided by subsequently incorporated pilasters that support the vault. The semicircular apse was surrounded on the outside with a square brick jacket and carries a half-timbered walkway. A battlement with an arched frieze underneath was placed on top of the tower.
The 8–9 meter high fortress wall and the partially collapsed six defense towers of the fortified church are made of field stone. The entrance to the defense system is in the south-west and was protected by a three-story defense tower with two portcullis . The fortified church now consisted of a fortification with the church in the middle.
In the 17th century, a second defensive wall with two towers was built, but it was removed in 1841. After the escape of the Transylvanian Saxons in 1944, the church slowly began to decline. Taken over by the Szeklers, it is still owned by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Romania .
The church building is now a listed building . The roof of the nave and the bell tower were restored through a pilot project by the Romanian state. The rest of the defense system is in poor condition. The clockwork is preserved in the church, which is maintained daily by the locals - mostly Szekler (in 2005 there were 4 Saxons in the village).
More Attractions
- The old Romanian Orthodox Church , built 1795–1798, is a listed building.
- House No. 54, built in the 17th century, and the draw well with a chain (Fântână cu lanț) - opposite house No. 16 - built in the 19th century, are listed buildings.
Personalities
- Karl Johann Stephani (1876–1930), Transylvanian agronomist, book author, publicist and art collector.
- Sándor Török (1904–1985), writer; played a decisive role in the development and contemporary development of anthroposophy and Waldorf education .
literature
- Karl Johann Stephani : The farm in Draas. Economic study. With a foreword by Professor Ernst Valentin von Strebel . Sibiu: Verlag von W. Krafft, 1909.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Dictionary of localities from Transylvania
- ^ Yearbook for Folklore of the Expellees , Volume 4 by Otto Müller, 1958.
- ↑ a b Biserica saseasca din Drauseni ("The Saxon Church from Drăușeni", by Radu Oltean, May 18, 2008) (Romanian)
- ^ Picture of the fortified church and a man with the legendary Draas sword
- ↑ Census, last updated November 1, 2008, p. 19. (Hungarian; PDF; 525 kB)
- ^ Evacuation of the communities of Katzendorf and Draas by advancing German troops in "The fate of the Germans in Romania", accessed on November 27, 2010 ( Memento of March 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c H. Heltmann, G. Servatius: travel guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft-Verlag Würzburg, 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .
- ↑ Christoph Machat: From the Romanesque basilica to the fortified church. The building history of the evangelical church of Draas in Transylvania. In: INSITU. Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte 5 (2/2013), pp. 165–174.
- ↑ The Evangelical fortified church Drauseni / Draas, Rupea-Cohalm, accessed 28 November 2010 ( Memento of November 9, 2013 Internet Archive )
- ↑ Panorama view of the fortified church ( Memento from November 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Draas / Drăușeni at the control center for fortified churches
- ↑ a b c List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, updated 2015 (PDF; 12.7 MB; Romanian)
- ↑ Drăușeni: restauratorii spectatori la căderea unui turn sub nasul lor! ("Drăușeni: The decay of a tower under the nose of the restorers!") By Mirela Strătulescu, accessed on November 30, 2010 (Romanian)
- ↑ The Evangelical Church in Drăușeni / Draas from ceasuripentruromania.ro accessed on November 10, 2013 (Romanian)
- ↑ Picture of the Draas clockwork
- ↑ Sándor Török, on biographien.kulturimpuls.org, accessed on November 27, 2010
