Waldorf Education

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Institute for Waldorf Education in Witten-Annen

The Waldorf education was around 1920 by Rudolf Steiner on the basis of which he founded himself anthroposophy developed. It is assigned to reform pedagogy .

Steiner conceived the Waldorf education at the company school opened in Stuttgart in 1919 for the children of the workers and employees of the Waldorf-Astoria cigarette factory (today the Free Waldorf School Uhlandshöhe ). Based on this model, so-called Waldorf schools soon emerged in other places, initially in Germany, but then also in other countries. Today Waldorf education is practiced worldwide.

In 1973 the Institute for Waldorf Education was founded in Witten.

Waldorf education serves as a theoretical foundation for Waldorf schools and kindergartens . There are also schools in institutions for anthroposophical curative education . The Emil Molt Academy is a Waldorf education vocational school and technical college.

In Germany there are 561 Waldorf kindergartens and 237 Waldorf schools , worldwide 1857 Waldorf kindergartens in 65 countries and 1092 Waldorf schools in 64 countries (as of March 2017).

Basics

Waldorf education is essentially based on the anthroposophical image of man developed by Rudolf Steiner at the beginning of the 20th century. In terms of social threefolding , Steiner tries to put into practice the principles of freedom of culture, equality in the political community and brotherhood in economic life.

Steiner's anthropological hypotheses include the doctrine of the three- and four-fold structure of man and the theory of temperament .

The threefold division of human beings into spirit, soul and body and the division of the soul's abilities into thinking, feeling and willing draws in the pedagogical area the demand for equal training of “thinking, feeling and willing”.

In addition to the physical body, the four-part structure of the human being describes three other "essential elements" of the human being that can only be perceived through the senses. The etheric body is the carrier of the forces of growth, the astral body is the carrier of soul life and the ego is an immortal, spiritual core in man. Each of these members leaves its supersensible shell at a certain point in life, so be "born" as the physical body is born by leaving the physical shell of the womb . These supernatural births took place at intervals of seven years, which is why anthroposophical anthropology divides the child's development into seven years .

criticism

Waldorf education, like anthroposophy, is often criticized from the educational side, especially by Klaus Prange .

literature

  • Rudolf Steiner: Waldorf Education. Seminar discussions and curriculum presentations , Rudolf Steiner Verlag, Dornach 1984, ISBN 3-7274-2951-8 / ISBN 3-7274-2950-X .
  • Erika Dühnfort, Stefan Leber (ed.): The pedagogy of the Waldorf school and its basics (= the educational science ). 4th edition, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1996, ISBN 3-534-08321-0 .
  • Klaus Prange : Education for Anthroposophy: Presentation and Critique of Waldorf Education , 3rd, extended edition. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn (Upper Bavaria) 2000, ISBN 3-7815-1089-1 .
  • Frans Carlgren: Education for Freedom. Rudolf Steiner's pedagogy. Free Spiritual Life, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7725-1619-1 .
  • Stephan Geuenich: Waldorf Education in the 21st Century. A critical discussion . Lit, Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-643-10347-5 .
  • Volker Frielingsdorf (ed.): Waldorf education controversial. A reader. Beltz Juventa, Weinheim 2012, ISBN 978-3-7799-2433-3 .
  • Volker Frielingsdorf: History of Waldorf Education. From its origins to the present. Beltz, Weinheim 2019, ISBN 978-3-407-25802-1 (with photos, sources and bibliography).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.wittenannen.net/unser-institut/wir-ueber-uns/historie
  2. ^ Association for anthroposophic curative education, social therapy and social work e. V.
  3. ↑ Address directory of Waldorf schools, Waldorf kindergartens and training centers worldwide. March 1, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Heiner Ullrich: Rudolf Steiner. In: Heinz-Elmar Tenorth (ed.): Classics of Pedagogy 2. From John Dewey to Paulo Freire. Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-49441-2 , p. 68.
  5. ↑ Heiner Ullrich: Rudolf Steiner. In: HE Tenorth (Ed.): Klassiker der Pädagogik 2. 2003, p. 66.
  6. ↑ Klaus Prange: Education for Anthroposophy. Presentation and criticism of Waldorf education , Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn, 2000, ISBN 978-3-7815-1089-0 .