Herzogenrath
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Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ' N , 6 ° 6' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| Administrative region : | Cologne | |
| Circle : | City region Aachen | |
| Height : | 140 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 33.38 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 46,375 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 1389 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 52134 | |
| Primaries : | 02406, 02407 | |
| License plate : | AC, MON | |
| Community key : | 05 3 34 016 | |
| LOCODE : | DE HZR | |
| City structure: | 3 districts | |
City administration address : |
Rathausplatz 1 52134 Herzogenrath |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Christoph von den Driesch ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Herzogenrath in the Aachen city region | ||
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The city of Herzogenrath ( Dutch ’s-Hertogenrade , French Rode-le-Duc , Ripuarian Herzeroa ) is a medium-sized city in the North Rhine-Westphalian city region of Aachen . It was created in 1972 from the amalgamation of the city of Herzogenrath with the communities of Kohlscheid and Merkstein and forms the symbolic twin city of Eurode with the Dutch Kerkrade . Mining shaped the city for centuries.
geography
The city of Herzogenrath is still in the transition area between the Eifel / Rhenish slate mountains and the Lower Rhine plain. Neighboring communities are, in clockwise direction, starting in the north, Übach-Palenberg , Baesweiler , Alsdorf , Würselen , Aachen , Kerkrade (NL) and Landgraaf (NL). Herzogenrath belongs to the northern district of Aachen . The city has a north-south extension of about 14 km, in the west-east axis it is only between 1.5 and 4 km. Over a length of almost 9 km, the western city limit is also the national border with the Netherlands , mainly with the city of Kerkrade.
City structure
Herzogenrath consists of the three districts of Herzogenrath, Merkstein and Kohlscheid :
City of Herzogenrath
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Former municipality of Merkstein
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Former municipality of Kohlscheid (until 1908 Pannesheide )
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Neighboring places
| Kerkrade-Eygelshoven | Übach-Palenberg | Baesweiler |
| Kerkrade |
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Alsdorf and Würselen-Bardenberg |
| Richterich | Aachen | Würselen |
Waters
The Wurm , the most important tributary of the Rur , initially flows east past the Herzogenrath districts of Kohlscheid and Straß, and then to the center of the city of Herzogenrath in a southern part around the castle and a northern part (Afden) with the train station, industrial area and town hall separate. The Broichbach (also: Broicher Bach ) flowing from the west of Alsdorf flows into the Wurm in the heart of Herzogenrath and separates Afden and the west of Herzogenrath (with Niederbardenberg, Ruif and Wefelen) from the rest of the city. A reservoir about 500 meters above the mouth in the Broichbachtal recreational area regulates the flow of water from the Broichbach into the Wurm. The historic Erkensmühle is also located here . The worm passes the St. Gobain glass factory to the north of the old town, at the end of which it encounters Dutch territory in order to stay on the border river between the Netherlands and Germany as far as Übach-Palenberg or Rimburg (NL) .
The Übach rises on the Boscheler Berg between the Merkstein and Boscheln districts , near Gut Neumerberen, and flows from there north of the Plitschard district and west of the Herbach district to Übach .
Another flowing body of water touches the city of Herzogenrath, the Amstelbach, which has its source in the northwest of Aachen . Coming from Aachen- Richterich, it runs in a northerly direction and passes the districts of Kircheich, Mühlenbach and Pannesheide to the west, while the district of Bank is cut through directly. At Pannesheide the Amstelbach briefly becomes the border river between Germany and the Netherlands and then crosses the Anstelvallei (Amsteltal), Kerkrade's green heart, as Anselderbeek. Opposite the district Hofstadt (Finkenrath) the brook flows into the Wurm together with the Strijthagerbeek.
geology
The city of Herzogenrath lies in the transition area between two landscapes with fundamentally different geological origins. From the south ( Eifel , Ardennes ), the Rhenish Slate Mountains, which were unfolded during the Variscan mountain formation and later reunified again, descend to increasing depth in a northerly direction. Above this, sediments from younger geological ages that became thicker to the north were deposited in layers. In both areas, the subsoil is subdivided into broken clods by partly still active faults . One of these fault lines, the Feldbiss , runs through Herzogenrath.
The older layers of the slate mountain hull, which increasingly penetrate to greater depths to the north, are divided from top (young) to bottom (old) in chalk , carbon , Devonian and older. Most of the sediments above come from the Tertiary Age . The most recent layers (e.g. loess loam layers occurring locally) come from the Quaternary , so geologically they are still very young. For the coal mining formerly operated in and around Herzogenrath, this geological structure of the subsoil meant the advantage of coal seams located just below the ground south of the Feldbiss (Kohlscheid, Straß, Pannesheide), but also the necessity of civil engineering with considerable drainage expenditure due to the water-rich layers of overburden north of it (Merkstein).
climate
| The annual precipitation is 760 mm. Precipitation is in the middle third of the measuring points of the German Weather Service . 54% indicate lower values. The driest month is October; it rains most in May. In the wettest month, about 1.4 times more rain falls than in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the lower third. In just 1% of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less. |
history
Herzogenrath was first mentioned in a document in 1104, as a castle settlement for the Counts of Saffenberg "Castrensis Viculus". Rode Castle later went to the Dukes of Limburg and was finally documented in 1282 under the name "'s Hertogenrode", meaning "the Duke's clearing". The town received city rights (including the right to mint coins ) by King Rudolf von Habsburg in the same year. In 1283 the Brabant army under Winnemar von Gijmenich advanced against Herzogenrath. The siege caused famine in the population. During an inspection, the leader of the opposing army was killed by a heroic deed by an unknown Herzogenrath crossbowman. Due to the shock in the army over the loss of the general, the knights withdrew. The hero is still celebrated today as the “Schütz von Rode”. Between 1730 and 1780 the Bockreiter “gang” was active in Herzogenrath and the surrounding area. At the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) the land of Rode was divided. Today's Herzogenrath was added to Prussia , the other half went to the United Netherlands and became the municipality of Kerkrade. In the process, Herzogenrath lost its town charter, which it was only granted again in 1919. On the occasion of the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia, Herzogenrath was expanded on January 1, 1972 to include the former municipalities of Kohlscheid in the south and Merkstein in the north and grew overnight from 9,000 to 43,000 inhabitants. This incorporation was not without controversy, and alternative names such as "Komerath" (= Ko hlscheid + Me rkstein + Herzogen rath ) were suggested. Despite constant growth of around 10,000 inhabitants, the three parts have not yet fully grown together, although new residential areas have been created between the old core communities since the 1970s.
From mining to recreation
In the Wurmtal southwest of Herzogenrath there was the oldest documented hard coal mining for Central Europe, of which the records of the monastery Rolduc ( Annales Rodenses ) in the neighboring town of Kerkrade first report in 1113. Centuries of mining and mining history have shaped the northern district of Aachen and thus also the city of Herzogenrath. The striking dump landscape has become a landmark that can be seen from afar. The Eschweiler Bergwerksverein (EBV) mined 37.5 million tons of coal from 1899 to 1972 at the Adolf mine in Merkstein with up to 2,700 employees. After that, the above-ground facilities were demolished until only the hoisting machine house remained as the last building. The mining dump is left to the mining industry with the help of a lorry . Other hard coal mines in the Herzogenrath area were the Nordstern mine developed and operated by Eduard Honigmann between Merkstein and Alsdorf -Busch, the Laurweg , Langenberg and Kämpchen mines in Kohlscheid, and the Voccart mine in Straß . Up until the middle of the 19th century there were numerous smaller trades (shafts, pings, tunnels, etc.) on the slopes of the Wurmtal. Not all of them are known by name. A large number of shafts were created in the area of Straß / Kohlberg / Pannesheide. Until the secularization by Napoleon, the nearby Rolduc monastery controlled the mining there. At least a dozen vertical shafts as well as a number of tunnels that diverted the pit water to the worm, as long as there were no powerful pumps, existed around the "Kohlberg" near Straß / Pannesheide / Kohlscheid in this area alone.
However, the core town of Herzogenrath had hardly any part in mining. Rather, it shaped the districts such as Kohlscheid, Kohlberg, Merkstein, Kämpchen and Pannesheide, where the mines were located. In addition, there are still many traces of mining in the Wurmtal between Kohlscheid / Straß and Bardenberg / Pley. After the mine and dump was recultivated through targeted planting in the 1970s, the site was left to its own devices for decades. Nature has recaptured this area. In the years 1998–1999, the entire area was redesigned as a landscape park by the EBV with financial support from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the European Union . The "Grube-Adolf-Park Merkstein" covers about 60 hectares and consists of the former colliery site, of which only the hoisting machine house remains (visitor center of the park), the approx. 100 m towering overburden dump and an approx. 1 km long forest belt.
Wurmtal
The adjacent Wurmtal is ideal for walking and cycling. This area covers an approximately 3 kilometer (only the Herzogenrath part of the Wurmtal) long section of the lowland river Wurm, which forms the state border between the Netherlands and North Rhine-Westphalia between Herzogenrath and Übach-Palenberg. The worm, which is up to 8 meters wide, initially meanders in arches that are sometimes far reaching through a floodplain, which is mostly overgrown with white willows, alders, ash trees, willow bushes and tall herbaceous vegetation . Sliding and up to several meters high percussion slopes , sandy-gravelly and partly loamy Mäanderinseln and natural course shifts as Altwasser constricted and bayous former river sections characterize the rehabilitated river. Areas that used to be used as wet grassland are now partly left to succession and overgrown with moist trees. In the higher areas, a deciduous forest consisting mainly of oak and birch grows. The last 400 meters of the worm within the area have been developed. On the Herzogenrath side there are also some small bodies of water in the floodplain, which indicate a source horizon, which also continues on the Dutch side and in the valleys of the western Wurm tributaries (Dentgenbach, Strijthagerbeek Anselderbeek / Amstelbach), as well as two still waters used as fishing ponds .
politics
On September 23, 2008, the city of Herzogenrath was awarded the title “ Place of Diversity ” by the federal government .
Results of the local elections
On February 24, 2008, the Christian Democrat Christoph von den Driesch was elected mayor with 48.45 percent of the vote. When he was re-elected in January 2014, he already achieved the necessary absolute majority in the first ballot with 52.38 percent.
Since June 2014, the seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual parties and electoral associations as follows:
| Political party | Share of votes | Council seats |
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| SPD | 38.8% | 17 (+ 2) |
| CDU | 35.8% | 16 (- 1) |
| GREEN | 10.2% | 4 (- 1) |
| LEFT | 5.8% | 3 (± 0) |
| FDP | 5.7% | 2 (- 2) |
| PIRATES | 3.7% | 2 (+ 2) |
(As of: local elections on May 25, 2014 )
The SPD and CDU have formed a coalition since 2014. At the beginning of October 2016, Bruno Barth resigned from the SPD, but kept his council seat, so that the SPD currently only has 16 council seats.
Town twinning
The city of Herzogenrath maintains city partnerships with:
- Plérin , Arrondissement Saint-Brieuc (France), since 1986
- Bistritz (Romania), since summer 2005
- Kerkrade (Netherlands), with which Herzogenrath forms a symbolic “European city ” called “ Eurode ”.
Culture and sights
Buildings
St. Mary's Assumption , Kleikstrasse
Bell tower of the St. Gertrud Church
Sports
There are many different sports clubs in Herzogenrath: from ten soccer clubs to gymnastics clubs and three swimming clubs (and the DLRG local group Herzogenrath) to shooting clubs including the St. Sebastiani Armbrustschützen-Gesellschaft from 1250 , handball and volleyball groups, martial arts groups and hiking clubs.
Events
The WDR radio station Eins Live hosted its Königstreffen in Herzogenrath in 2004 and 2005 . The music festival was to be held annually, but there was no further royal meeting in Herzogenrath in the following two years.
The Rodarock Festival was first held in 2006, at that time with only a few regional bands. In 2007 there were 11 bands that showed their skills in 11 hours. In addition to regionally known bands such as Susp.act , Longing For Tomorrow and HADG, the band Peilomat, who became known as the opening act for Tokio Hotel , was also represented. In the following years other bands appeared such as Eskimo Callboy , Deadlock (both 2012), D-Sailors , EMMA6 (both 2008), His Statue Falls (2009-2011, 2013) and We Butter the Bread with Butter (2010).
In the summer months (March to October) there is a flea market every Saturday in the parking lot on Bergerstraße.
economy
Long-established industrial sectors were glass production because of its proximity to sand deposits with high-purity (up to 98.8 percent SiO 2 ) quartz sand in the Worm Vereinigte Glaswerke (VEGLA) district, Saint-Gobain Glass Germany since the 1990s and the production of sewing machine needles since 1851 Schmetz company , which had to file for bankruptcy on October 4, 2010.
Originally a mining region ( hard coal , worm area ), the city has been trying for some time to move towards modern technologies. The Herzogenrath Technology Park on the site of the former Laurweg coal mine in the Kohlscheid district has achieved regional recognition . In addition to various small and frequently changing founding companies, there is also a plant for AIXTRON , a leading company in chip manufacturing machines, and a research center for the telecommunications supplier Ericsson . The company CEROBEAR is also based there, a leading manufacturer of ceramic roller bearings that are used, for example, in the turbo pumps of the main engine of the space shuttle .
The cross-border service center Eurode Business Center is located on the border with the neighboring Dutch town of Kerkrade .
traffic
Rail transport
The city belongs to the Aachen transport association. The Herzogenrath railway station located on the route Aachen - Mönchengladbach and along the route Herzogenrath - Heerlen and the distance to Stolberg with the breakpoints breakpoint Herzogenrath Alt-Merkstein and breakpoint Herzogenrath August-Schmidt-Platz .
On the route to Mönchengladbach , the Rhein-Niers-Bahn to Heinsberg and Duisburg , the Wupper Express to Dortmund and the LIMAX to Heerlen; they stop at Herzogenrath station. The Rhein-Niers-Bahn and the Euregiobahn also stop at Kohlscheid station . In 2016, Herzogenrath is only connected to long-distance traffic by an IC pair that has been running between Aachen and Berlin since 2009. Until 1999, Interregios stopped in Herzogenrath every two hours .
The station has several bus stops and a P + R parking garage.
Public transport
In 1902 a tram line was opened from Aachen to Kohlscheid , which was extended in several sections via Herzogenrath to Merkstein. The end point at Merkstein was reached in 1910. Until 1912 and during the Second World War and shortly thereafter, the tram was also used to transport coal. In the years 1957 to 1960 this line was shut down - also in sections. Since then, local transport has been operated entirely by buses, the bus junctions of which are in August-Schmidt-Platz (Merkstein), Kohlscheid Weststraße (Kohlscheid) and the Herzogenrath train station (Herzogenrath).
Road traffic
Neither a motorway nor a federal road runs through the urban area. However, Herzogenrath is connected to the motorway network by feeder roads. The closest junctions for the southern area of the city are the Aachen-Laurensberg junction of the A 4 , for the middle area the Broichweiden junction of the A 44 and for the northern area the Alsdorf junction of the A 44.
Bike paths
The city is connected to several cycle routes:
- The 524 km long moated castle route connects more than 130 castles on the edge of the Eifel and in the Cologne Bay .
- The green route leads over 370 km along the most beautiful natural areas between Beringen in Belgium, Heerlen in the Netherlands and Düren in Germany through what was once the largest coal mining area in Europe.
- The two-country route (2LR for short) meanders 270 km between Aachen and Nijmegen through the country on the Maas and Lower Rhine. As a “route with many faces”, the 2LR offers a mix of nature and culture.
A cycle expressway to Aachen is being planned.
education
Herzogenrath owns a number of educational institutions, including nine elementary schools, most of which offer afternoon care or are all-day schools. There is also a comprehensive school (European school) in Merkstein, as well as a comprehensive school in Kohlscheid and a grammar school in Herzogenrath Mitte. The vocational college for economics and administration is located on the same site as the grammar school. Herzogenrath has a special school with a special focus on "intellectual development", the Roda School, and a special school with a special focus on "learning, emotional and social development and language", the Käthe Kollwitz School. In addition, the Volkshochschule Nordkreis Aachen and the European School, whose sponsors are the city of Herzogenrath, offer a varied educational program for adults and the like. a. with language courses (e.g. Dutch).
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Matthias Schlösser (1865–1944), politician
- Erich von den Driesch (1878 – around 1915), sculptor
- Friedrich Langensiepen (1897–1975), pastor and member of the Rhenish Brother Council of the Confessing Church
- Wilhelm Schultheis (1923–2010), former mayor and honorary citizen of the city of Herzogenrath
- Josef Quadflieg (1924–2020), religious educator and writer
- Wolfgang Schieren (1927–1996), insurance manager, CEO of Allianz AG
- Rolf von der Laage (1932–2006), journalist, sports official and sports organizer
- Helmut Schwartz (1937–2007), politician
- Manfred Durzak (* 1938), Germanist and literary scholar
- Walter Josef Meyer (1938–2000) was the district administrator for the Aachen district from 1989 to 1994
- Carl Meulenbergh (* 1943), politician
- Jürgen Zieger (* 1955), Lord Mayor of Esslingen am Neckar in Baden-Württemberg
- Gerard Kever (* 1956), painter and graphic artist
- Silvia Szymanski (* 1958), musician and writer
- Achim Szymanski (* 1959), creative director and writer
- Altay Coşkun (* 1970), ancient historian, has been teaching at the University of Waterloo since 2009
- Dirk Maassen (* 1970), composer and pianist
- Grete Esser-Plum , local researcher and recipient of the Rhineland Taler 1994
- Theo Kutsch , state and regional historian and recipient of the 1983 Rhineland Taler
- Wolf D. Penning , state and regional historian and recipient of the Rhineland Taler 2005
Personalities related to Herzogenrath
- Norman Becker (* 1984), multiple German champion in tower and diving,
- Kurt Berkner (1907–1938), died after being tortured in Nazi pre-trial detention; Until 1970 people from the region were awarded the "Kurt Berkner Plaque"
- Ursula Foitzik (1945) AWO functionary and holder of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Moritz Honigmann (1844–1918), chemist, inventor and entrepreneur
- Anna Klöcker (1895–1977), 1945–1972 city councilor; campaigned for equal rights for women
- Karl Rubner (1901–1988), miner, trade unionist, politician and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime
- Astrid Stienen (* 1979), triathlete
- Hans Vorpeil (1937–2019), member of the state parliament
Honorary Citizen (since 1977)
- Wilhelm Schultheis (1923-2010), retired mayor D. (since September 10, 1991)
- Petra Meisler, retired mayor D. (since March 31, 2000)
- Gerd Schwartz, retired mayor D. (since March 31, 2000)
Honorary Ring Bearer (since 1977)
Since 1977 the city of Herzogenrath has awarded the ring of honor to a total of 44 voluntary local politicians. This award honors people who have volunteered in local politics for at least 25 years.
According to the date of the award, the honorary ring holders include:
- December 7, 1977: Josef Uebachs († June 28, 1988), Josef Schultheis († December 22, 1995)
- May 15, 1979: Wilhelm Schultheis (1923 - January 6, 2010)
- May 23, 1982 Annelies Schmetz († March 7, 2005)
- September 23, 1986: Franz-Josef Terodde, Harald Rucmann
- June 24, 1987 Otto Prast († March 23, 1996), Wilhelm Plum († April 16, 1994), Heinz Grouls († April 21, 1987)
- September 28, 1989: Gerd Schwartz, Heinz Rasche († February 2, 1998)
- December 14, 1994: Heinz Küppers († August 6, 2001), Wilhelm Hackenbroich († November 15, 2006)
- June 20, 1995: Josef Königs († March 22, 2003)
- September 10, 1997: Egidius Schiffler († December 11, 2008), Gerhard Neitzke
- August 24, 2000: Hubert Hammers (1925 - March 19, 2012)
- August 30, 2001: Herbert Aretz
- July 16, 2002: Alfons-Reimund Billmann
- July 15, 2003: Karl-Hans Hermanns († June 24, 2009)
- July 20, 2004: Jakob Engels, Herbert Nilges, Willi Penners († August 25, 2005)
- October 14, 2008: Erwin Künkeler
- September 10, 2009: Günter Backhaus, Bruno Barth, Gerhard Guthörl, Bernd Simons
- December 12, 2012: Anne Fink, Manfred Fleckenstein, Folker Moschel
- December 17, 2014: Josef Dautzenberg, Wolfgang Goebbels, Ulrich Hoffmann-Siemes, Herbert Horbach, Peter Joerißen, Helmut Königs, Wolfgang Krott, Günter Prast, Norbert Thönnisse
- December 15, 2015: Dr. Hans-Joachim Helbig
- December 12, 2017: Renate Gülpen, Andreas Jaroniak, Detlef Knehaus
Others
Borderline
Part of the border to Kerkrade (and thus to the Netherlands) runs on Neustraße , one side of which belongs to Germany (and thus to Herzogenrath) and the other to the Netherlands, whereby the actual border line on this road does not always run in the middle , but multiple jumps, so the road users repeatedly unconsciously cross the national border between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Federal Republic of Germany .
See also
literature
- Commemorative sheets for the persecuted Jewish fellow citizens of Herzogenrath. (Ed. Working group "Ways Against Forgetting"), Herzogenrath 2006
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )
- ↑ Eelaart, AWA van den: Eygelshoven 850 year, passim. (see in particular the attached card!)
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 305 .
- ↑ orte-der-vielfalt.de: Herzogenrath ( Memento from September 6, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ^ City of Herzogenrath - overall result. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved September 18, 2014 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grand Coalition Herzogenrath: almost all tasks on the test bench , accessed on February 22, 2018
- ↑ http://www.aachener-zeitung.de/lokales/nordkreis/herhabenrather-ratsträger-bruno-barth-verlaesst-die-spd-1.1462212
Herzogenrath :
Afden |
Bierstraß |
Dahlen |
Alley |
Beckenberg |
Kohlberg |
Maubach |
Niederbardenberg |
Pesch |
Ruif |
Strass |
Thiergarten |
Wefelen
Kohlscheid :
Bank |
Berensberg |
Forensberg |
Hasenwald |
Little lights |
Klinkheide |
Pannesheide |
Rumpen |
Schützenheide |
Preliminary decision |
Wilsberg
Merkstein :
Herbach |
Hofstadt |
Lean |
Noppenberg |
Plitschard |
Ritzerfeld |
Streiffeld |
Wilderness |
Worm
Aachen | Alsdorf | Baesweiler | Eschweiler | Herzogenrath | Monschau | Roetgen | Simmerath | Stolberg (Rhineland) | Würselen