Kerkrade
 flag |
 coat of arms |
| province |
.svg){kind=small} Limburg
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| mayor | Petra Dassen-Housen ( CDA ) |
| Seat of the municipality | Kerkrade |
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Area - land - water |
22.15 km 2 21.91 km 2 0.24 km 2 |
| CBS code | 0928 |
| Residents | 45,699 (Jan 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 2063 inhabitants / km 2 |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 52 ′ N , 6 ° 4 ′ E |
| Important traffic route |
  
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| prefix | 045 |
| Postcodes | 6461-6469, 6471 |
| Website | Homepage of Kerkrade |
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Kerkrade ( ) ( German Kirchrath ; in the local dialect ( Kerkrader Platt ): Kirchroa ) is a Dutch municipality and a place in South Limburg . On January 31, 2019, Kerkrade had 45,699 inhabitants on an area of 22.15 km². Kerkrade lies on the Dutch border and borders the German city of Herzogenrath . Together with Herzogenrath, Kerkrade forms the European model community Eurode .
politics
Distribution of seats in the municipal council
The municipal council has been formed as follows since 1981:
| Political party | Seats | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1981 a | 1986 | 1990 | 1994 | 1998 | 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2018 | |
| Burger issues | 3 | 4th | 5 | 7th | 8th | 8th | 8th | 9 | 8th | 10 |
| Ons Kerkrade | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4th | 4th |
| PvdA | 5 | 10 | 8th | 5 | 5 | 4th | 7th | 8th | 4th | 4th |
| SP | - | - | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Lokaal Alternative | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| CDA | 13 | 8th | 9 | 7th | 6th | 7th | 5 | 5 | 4th | 2 |
| VVD | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Ouderenpartij Kerkrade | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| GroenLinks | - | - | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4th | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| D66 | 1 | 0 | - | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | 0 | 0 |
| Kerkrade concerned about matters | 7th | 7th | 7th | 8th | 8th | 5 | 3 | - | - | - |
| Lijst Coumans / Har (d) t voor Kerkrade | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leefbaar Kerkrade | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 0 | - | - | - |
| PPR | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| total | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
- ↑ Parties that took part in the election but were unable to obtain a seat on the council will not be considered.
College of Mayors and Aldermen
In the period from 2018 to 2022, a coalition consists of the parties Burgerbelangen, CDA , PvdA and VVD . The Burgerbelangen party provides three councilors to the college , while the other coalition parties each contribute one councilor. These were appointed during a council meeting on May 16, 2018. The following people belong to the college and are responsible in the following areas:
| function | Surname | Political party | Department | annotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayoress | Petra Dassen-Housen | CDA | public order and safety, civil protection, coordination of enforcement, Eurode and international affairs, public relations and communication, AB / DB Parkstad Limburg | in office since June 11, 2019 |
| Alderman | Tim Weijers | Burger issues | Spatial planning, living / housing, public space, real estate, individual treatment of wastewater, tourism, marketing and events | - |
| Jo snakes | Burger issues | Education, youth work, youth aid, sport, weekly markets and fairgrounds, integral approach in the area of district-specific work, culture, councilor for the district of Noord | - | |
| Huub Wiermans | Burger issues | Social affairs and reintegration, personnel and organization, center development and management, Kerkrade development company, Center Court | - | |
| Leo Jongen | PvdA | Social welfare law, senior citizens policy, public health, social welfare, district development, welfare, alderman for the district west | - | |
| Dion Schneider | VVD | economic affairs, traffic and transportation, sustainability, the environment, garbage and cleaning, labor market | - | |
| Bert Bejas | CDA | Finance, IT and automation, public affairs and services, alderman for the Oost district | - | |
| Community Secretary | Harry Coumans | - | - | in office since June 2013 |
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the Gemeente Kerkrade shown above on the right is based on the historical seal of the former Schöffenbank Kerkrade. The herald's picture is undivided into gold (yellow). In the base of the shield the coat of arms of the Dukes of Limburg - in silver (white) a red lion ("Limburger Löwe"). Two coal hammers crossed behind the shield. These represent the only new element of the coat of arms of the town's mining tradition. Standing behind a shield and hammers is St. Lambertus in a bishop's robe with a bishop's staff in his left hand and a sword in his right hand. The current design of the coat of arms dates from 1887, when Kerkrade introduced it as an official seal.
history
The history of Kerkrade in its present form begins in the Middle Ages. However, traces of earlier settlement are archaeologically documented. This is especially true of the ancient age. First, however, the name of the city should be discussed.
Place names
The name "Kerkrade" originated in the early Middle Ages and is made up of two parts. The place-name ending -rade , like the related endings -rod, -roda, -rodt, -rode, -raedt, -raht, -rath, -reut (h), -reute, -ruit or -ray, is derived from the term Clearance of a settlement that is on the site of a cleared forest. It is actually known from the Carolingian era that large parts of the area in the area north of Aachen were still forested. Comparable place names occur more frequently in the immediate vicinity, for example in the Kerkrad district of Haanrade (formerly Haenrath, Hagenrode), in the name of the sister city of Herzogenrath or in the names of numerous surrounding places such as Bergrath , Röhe (both belonging to Eschweiler ), Leerodt, Süggerath , Hatterath, Gillrath , Randerath, Hastenrath (all near Geilenkirchen ), Benzenrade, Venray , Elkenrade, Amstenrade (all in Limburg), Welkenraedt , Hergenrath and Raeren (near Kelmis, Province of Liège, Belgium ).
The accumulation of these place names can be explained with the historical significance of the neighboring city of Aachen as an imperial palace and medieval coronation site as well as the location of the region between the important lifelines of the Rhine and Maas . All this, along with natural factors, led to a renewed development and settlement of this area after the turmoil of the Great Migration .
The first part of the name, i.e. Kerk- , means church and is also very widespread, but appears more frequently in the region as a street or field name and also in a number of regionally typical family names (for example O (u) dekerken or Kerkhoff (s ) ). The German word form Kirch- appears in the neighboring Herzogenrath in the name of the district Kircheich and also in the place name Geilenkirchen (formerly: Gelekerke ).
Earliest traces of human settlement in the Kerkrade area
The oldest archaeological finds, which point back to the Stone Age in the Kerkrad city area , date from around 60,000 BC. Chr. These are hand axes , which were apparently left by Neanderthals . They were found in the vicinity of the former Domaniale Mijn mine . Other definitive evidence of prehistoric settlements for the urban area of Kerkrade has not yet been provided. However, with some probability further prehistoric settlement can be assumed, as can be proven for example for some neighboring areas in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine , including Eschweiler , Aldenhoven , Aachen , Landgraaf and Stein . Above all, earth walls and barrows have been discovered in the areas mentioned , but also ancient tools and other traces of settlement.
Ancient settlement
The south of Limburg came under Roman influence shortly before the turn of the century. Belonging to Rome around the year 12 BC is finally secured. It was to remain so for the next 400 years. In the south of Limburg, during Roman rule, many villae rusticae , agricultural goods that mainly produced grain, fruit, vegetables and wine, but also raised cattle , arose on the fertile loess soils . Due to the importance of the region for securing and supplying the legions along the Germanic border, there are correspondingly many traces of Roman life in and around Kerkrade.
Roman villae rusticae
Several Roman country houses have been found within the municipal boundaries of Kerkrade:
- Villa Krichelberg in the Kaalheide district. The foundations and remnants of the wall of a Roman villa rustica have been preserved and can be viewed. Villa Krichelberg is so far the only exposed and accessible Roman villa in the Netherlands.
- Not far from here, in Speckholzerheide, another villa rustica was found. In 1921, when a house was being built at the junction Romeinenstraat-Kleingraverstraat, remnants of the wall were found. As a special feature, at least one room had antique underfloor heating. The floor plan of the villa, the remains of which were not preserved after the investigation, has been incorporated into the road surface in contrasting colors as a reminder. The Romeinenstraat owes its name to the villa.
- Villa Holzkuil in the district of Vink. Discovered in 1997 during earthworks for a planned settlement in the north of Kerkrade between the districts of Vink, Eygelshoven and Haanrade, Villa Holzkuil was examined by the national archaeological service ROB . Archaeologists found that the remains of the villa on the Bosberg , a hill between the Amstelbachtal and Wurmtal, are in a surprisingly good condition.
- There is also evidence of a Roman settlement near the center of Eygelshoven, but the exact location and size is not known. It could have been a villa or a viculum ( hamlet , small village).
- In 1997, in the far west of Kerkrade, the remains of another Roman villa were discovered during road construction work.
Other finds from Roman times
Between Eygelshoven and Waubacherveld, in the vicinity of the former Herman open-cast lignite mine, both the presumed remains of a Roman building and several earthenware objects (plates, bowls, carafes) have been excavated. Particularly noteworthy are the remains of a Roman burial site not far from today's cemetery on Rimburger Weg. In addition, two milestones dating from the time of Emperor Constantine were discovered during renovation work in the old church (Oude Kerkje) in Eygelshoven .
In the immediate vicinity of Kasteel Erenstein in the Amstelbachtal , a piece of land was protected as an archaeological ground monument, as evidence there point to the remains of a Roman temple complex.
Another Roman burial site was found in the district of Holz not far from Rolduc Abbey.
In addition, numerous other finds from Roman times are documented in the vicinity of Kerkrade, for example in Eschweiler , Aachen , Heerlen and Voerendaal . Together they give a vivid picture of how people lived in this area in the first two centuries after the new era. An important military road ran through the region at the foot of the Eifel between the Maas and the Rhine .
For the period from AD 400 to around 1000, there is hardly any evidence of a settlement in Kerkrade. It can be assumed that after the warlike advance of Germanic tribes between AD 400 and 500 and the associated end of Roman rule, the Roman estates were initially abandoned, conquered or destroyed. This led in many places to the deserted village , that is, the abandonment of settlements and the encroachment and Verwaldung of former agricultural land.
Middle Ages and early modern times
Around the year 1100, three closely related settlement cores emerged in a narrowly defined area west of the Wurm as well as further clearings and mills in the vicinity: One settlement core was a place with a parish church (today's Kerkrade / Kirchrath), to the east it joined the youngest settlement was a monastery (later the Klosterroda / Klosterrath Abbey ), and immediately to the northeast, a short distance away, the place s'Hertogenrode / Herzogenrath, where the castle of the Counts of Saffenberg was located. Herzogenrath is apparently the oldest of the three town centers, because it was the same Counts of Saffenberg in the service of the Count Palatine and later Dukes of Jülich who relinquished part of their property (including tithe rights) so that Ailbertus von Antoing could lay the foundation for what would later become the Klosterrath Abbey could lay. The lords of the castle had also built a church on the site of today's Lambertus Church in Kerkrade, which was destroyed in 1099 by Hendrik I of Limburg. The Counts Saffenberg, whose ancestral seat was on the Ahr and whose origin was in the Jülich area, served the Count Palatine in Aachen, who were entrusted with the administration of the lands in the name of the ruler. The castle represented a border fortress to the neighboring Limburg. 1104 was the founding year of the Rolduc Abbey, which from then on influenced the fortunes of Kerkrade. With the abbey, Kirchrath and the surrounding farms and hamlets also enjoyed a lively upswing. Around the year 1300 the important medieval trade route from Maastricht to Cologne ran through Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, as indicated by individual street names, such as the Wijngracht . With the Limburg War of Succession (1283–1288), the history of Kerkrade came to a turning point, as the land of van Rode fell into the hands of the victorious Duke Jan I of Brabant. With the Duchy of Brabant , the area fell to the Kingdom of Burgundy in 1430, which in turn became part of the global empire of the Habsburgs in 1477 . As an indirect consequence of the Reformation and the Enlightenment, the Republic of the United Netherlands emerged in a long process , which after the declaration of independence by and the Eighty Years War from 1568 to 1648 against Spain, which was actually more of a series of armed conflicts, and together with the thirty-year-old War was ended by the peace treaty in Munster . The result was the departure of the Netherlands from the German Reich Association and the independence of the Republic of the United Netherlands. In the early phase of the conflict in particular, Kerkrade was both the bone of contention among the warring parties and the scene of looting and destruction, primarily by Spanish troops, on several occasions. In the years 1568, 1574, 1578 and 1580 looting and pillage are known. An indirect consequence of these war experiences was the establishment of the St. Sebastianus Rifle Brotherhood in Kerkrade, which was first mentioned in 1617. In 1661, Kerkrade came to the Dutch Republic as a result of a treaty, but fell back to the Spanish Netherlands in 1663 at the instigation of the then abbot of Klosterrath Abbey.
18th century
After the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs died out and the subsequent War of the Spanish Succession , the previously Spanish Netherlands came to the Austrian line of the House of Habsburg. This is how the Austrian Netherlands came into being in 1714 . Kerkrade belonged to these until the conquest by the French revolutionary troops as a result of the Battle of Jemappes during the First Coalition War .
In the 18th century there was great poverty in and around Kerkrade as a result of wars and army marches and billeting. During this time the Bockreiter , a band of robbers who drove their mischief in the border area of the Duchies of Jülich and Limburg, became the scourge of Kerkrades and the surrounding areas. Allegedly, the buck riders shared their stolen goods with the poor in the region, similar to Robin Hood .
In those years of need, the Klosterrath Abbey tried to counteract the poverty of the population in its own way by trying to revive the mining operations in the area of the Wurmtal. For this purpose, Belgian specialists were recruited from 1742 at the expense of the abbey, and their knowledge of coal mining was modernized and made more profitable. Until secularization as a result of the French occupation, the abbey was at the forefront of the coal mining industry on the Wurm.
Kerkrade in the 19th century
At the end of the 18th century, which, in addition to the climax of the Enlightenment, also brought the bourgeois revolution in France and, in its wake, Napoleonic expansion , Kerkrade, like the surrounding areas between the Rhine and Meuse, was initially for a short time in 1792 and finally from 1794 to 1814 France, which at that time came closer than ever to its goal of becoming Europe's hegemonic power. The upheavals, which manifested themselves above all in the area of administration, the judiciary, the guild system and in the secularization of mainly clerical property and brought about a multitude of other innovations, also affected Kerkrade. In particular, the Klosterrath Abbey (French: rode-le-duc = Herzogenrath) lost its centuries of independence and supremacy over Kerkrade and the surrounding towns. After the French defeat in the Wars of Liberation , the precise border between the Netherlands and Prussia was not established until 1816 by the Treaty of Aachen, in which the results of the Congress of Vienna of the previous year were specified. As a result, the communities of Kerkrade and Herzogenrath, which had never been separated from each other by a border, were torn apart and have remained separated by the German-Dutch border to this day . After the restoration , Kerkrade was initially part of the United Netherlands . However, because of religious, social and economic differences, there was a break in 1830 between the Protestant north and the Catholic south. During this time, Kerkrade initially sided with the Catholic South, as most of the people here were Catholic. This intermezzo during the process of becoming a Belgian state only lasted until 1839. In that year, the province of Limburg was finally divided between the newly formed Belgian state and the Netherlands. Subsequently, Dutch Limburg received the status of a duchy between 1839 and 1866 , which was ruled in personal union by the Dutch royal house together with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg . Like Luxembourg, Dutch Limburg remained as a state within the German Confederation until 1866 . For Kerkrade in particular, this status meant a mitigation of the disadvantages from which it suffered due to its recently extremely peripheral location within the Netherlands. Since the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866, Kerkrade has been fully Dutch.
Kerkrade in the 20th century
In the 20th century, mining was the focus of life in Kerkrade. In the rather sleepy border community and the previously predominantly agricultural south of Limburg, which lived primarily from agriculture , handicrafts and trade, industrialization moved in with increasing demand for coal and the mines that were created in rapid succession from the turn of the century. Due to the mining activities of the former Rolduc Abbey, Kerkrade had been the center of regional mining since the middle of the 18th century at the latest , which now only developed moderately for a long time under state directive. Alongside Heerlen , Kerkrade remained the center of mining in the Netherlands in the 20th century until mining was completely stopped in the early 1970s, which triggered a serious structural crisis in the region.
In addition to mining, the two world wars largely determined the weal and woe of Kerkrades. In the First World War the Netherlands were able to maintain neutrality, but in World War II fell Kerkrade on the day of the attack of the Third Reich on the Netherlands, May 10, 1940 already in German hands and remained open until the autumn of 1944 by German troops. Only after the Siegfried Line had been breached in the course of the Battle of Aachen near Übach-Palenberg did the last German occupiers withdraw from Kerkrade.
Another major change in the structure of Kerkrade was the constant expansion of the community into a medium-sized town by incorporating surrounding places such as Eygelshoven .
geography
Kerkrade is located in the southeast of the Dutch province of Limburg. Geographically, you are in the transition zone between two large landscapes, on the one hand the Rhenish slate mountains ( Eifel , Ardennes , Hohes Venn etc.) in the south and on the other hand the North German lowlands , more precisely the Rhenish-Westphalian lowlands as part of the former in the north. The relief in the Kerkrade area is rather flat to slightly hilly, but is interrupted by deeply cutting river valleys (Wurmtal, Amstelbachtal), which results in clearer height differences of over 50 meters in the local area. The relief was partly considerably reshaped as a result of human interference through mining and settlement activities. The most striking examples are the former lignite opencast mines, the only partially preserved spoil heaps and, as the locally most important anthropogenic landscape element, the mighty railway embankments that were heaped up for the construction of the Heerlen-Kerkrade-Simpelveld railway line and which made this route extraordinarily expensive at over 1 million guilders per kilometer .
Neighboring communities
| Landgraaf | Übach-Palenberg (D) | Herzogenrath-Merkstein (D) |
| Landgraaf , Heerlen |
.svg)
|
Herzogenrath (D) |
| Heerlen , Simpelveld | Aachen-Richterich (D) | Herzogenrath-Kohlscheid (D) |
Geology, morphology, pedology
The geological and tectonic structure of the Rhenish-Westphalian lowlands, which continues on the Dutch side, is closely linked to the Rhenish-Westphalian slate mountains bordering in the south. Kerkrade lies exactly in the transition area between the two large geological forms. During the Variscan unfolding of the slate mountains, the earth's crust broke apart along today's northern edge of the Eifel and Ardennes . The earth's crust in this zone and further north in the Lower Rhine Bay broke up into a number of smaller and larger clods , the edges of which run as fault lines predominantly from northwest to southeast. Well-known and significant faults are, for example, the Peelrand fracture and the Feldbiss fracture. These are the main faults on both sides of the Ruhr trench. Even in the present, they are still characterized by partly noticeable seismic activity. Earthquakes are therefore not uncommon in Kerkrade, although the majority are barely noticeable or not at all. Earthquakes have also been handed down from historical times. The Annales Rodenses mention an earthquake in 1121, which is also mentioned in historical sources from Aachen.
In addition to the main fault lines in the north-west-south-east direction, there are other fractures that run approximately perpendicular to these, which in turn subdivide the elongated clods. Since these smaller fault lines often only appear with increasing depth, they were often only discovered during mining and often named after mines or concessions, such as the Willem-storing , which comes from Simpelveld via Speckholzerheide, Chevremont and Haanrade via the German-Dutch The border to Merkstein runs and was particularly disturbing in the mines in the south of Kerkrade.
The most important geological layers in the Kerkrad subsurface are those of the Carboniferous , in particular the Westphalian, which lead to a large number of partially minable coal seams . In the local area of Kerkrades, these layers appear directly in places, but are usually covered by a loess clay cover that is only a few centimeters to meters thick. North of the Feldbiss Fault near Haanrade and Eygelshoven, the sedimentary cover increases significantly in thickness and, in addition to the loess clay cover layer, also consists of Quaternary and tertiary sediment layers, in which there are also lignite seams . The seabed carbon falls to the north to ever greater depths, whereby in addition to the increasingly thick layers of Quaternary and Tertiary sediments, there are also increasing Mesozoic layers from the Upper Cretaceous , the Lias , the Triassic and sometimes even from the Permian .
The main mineral raw materials are hard coal (predominantly low-gas lean coal and anthracite ) and lignite. In addition, building materials were and are being extracted in the Kerkrade area. In the past, clay was mined for this purpose, for example in the Holzkuil between the districts of Eygelshoven, Haanrade and Vink, in order to bake bricks. In recent times, existing dump material has often been used.
Waters and hydrology
The general hydrological conditions in the Kerkrade area are determined by three essential factors:
- the amount, distribution and type of annual precipitation and the rate of evaporation;
- the runoff behavior on the surface (flowing water, sewage system, weirs, degree of surface sealing and water leveling);
- the nature of the subsoil (storage layers, source horizons , pore volume , soil condition, etc.).
The source horizon to the west and east of the Amstelbach, characterized by a multitude of springs, is particularly striking. As a rule, these are only a few meters above the valley floor and feed little more than small rivulets. Often these springs can only be recognized as swampy, swampy patches in grassland or forest. A short stream, such as the Vloedgraaf near the Kaalheide district, develops less frequently.,
The worm
In the northwest of Kerkrade, the Wurm forms a natural border with the neighboring town of Herzogenrath and at the same time the German-Dutch state border. It is noteworthy that in this area the worm has been largely left to its own devices for several years. In close bilateral cooperation, the border strip in the Wurmtal was able to develop again into an ecologically valuable habitat for various fish species, which also serves as a habitat for rare birds such as the kingfisher . Eel , barbel , perch , chub , hazel , roach and gudgeon currently live there . This also created a natural flood protection for the downstream places such as Geilenkirchen . Scientific investigations as part of a biomonitoring as well as hydrological and geographical research of the worm and its surroundings and finally also isolated landscape conservation interventions accompany the process of renaturation of the lifeless water body until a few decades ago. For the interested walker or hiker, display boards explain the history as well as the function and value of the freely meandering worm for fauna and flora in the area of the Wurmaue. Particularly worthy of protection is the riparian forest , which is gradually approaching its natural state, with the typical plants such as marigold , willow trees and others. In addition, extensive and near-natural management of adjacent areas, especially grassland, is aimed for and has already been implemented in large parts.
The Amstelbach (Anstellerbeek, Anselderbeek)
Immediately in the area of the former Julia hard coal mine in the north of Kerkrades (district Eygelshoven) the Amstelbach, which rises near Richterich in the north-west of Aachen, flows into the Wurm. Shortly before that, he takes in the Strijthagerbeek coming from the west (Landgraaf). The brook is classified as Heuvellandbeek (Hügellandbach) in the Netherlands . The valley of the Amstelbach with its flowing and still waters forms the essential part of the "Groene Long" . Although only about 20 kilometers long, the stream flows through two countries. As a result, he has both the German name Amstelbach and the Dutch name Anstellerbeek . In the formerly independent municipality of Eygelshoven in the north of Kerkrade, the name Anselderbeek is very common in the local dialect , not least because of the Anselderlaan street that runs parallel to the stream and is named after it . In the district of Eygelshoven in particular, the stream is now largely canalized and in parts has disappeared from the surface. This remained inevitable, as there were repeated severe floods here, for example in the early 1950s. But even after the final completion in 1976, there were again floods and property damage in the area of Anselderbeek in Eygelshoven in 1980.
Ponds and lakes
In relation to what is now the Netherlands, the Cranenweyer in the Amstelbach Valley is a curiosity. This is the only reservoir in the country. In addition to the several hectares of Cranenweyer , which is simply called Stuwmeer (German: Stausee) and is fed with water by the Amstelbach and numerous springs on both sides of the Amstelbach, there are also many smaller ponds and ponds in the area of the city of Kerkrade . Immediately next to the Rolduc monastery are the abbey's fish ponds, which were originally laid out by the monks and are now used by the local fishing club. These four ponds are laid out like stairs at four different heights. While the first pond is just below the portal to the monastery, at about the same level as it, the last is just above the level of the Wurmaue, i.e. about 30 meters lower. The former abbey used the ponds to supply fresh fish, especially for Fridays and the pre-Easter Lent. Today they are used for local recreation and as a fishing pond. Other mostly smaller lakes and ponds are located along the Wurm and the Amstelbach. Until recently, there were also two ponds in the Eygelshoven district. Their emergence was a consequence of the earlier mining of brown coal in the former open pit "Hermann" between Rimburgerweg and Waubacherweg. After the end of production, the ponds temporarily served as a cooling water reservoir for the neighboring power station on the grounds of the Julia mine. The two former ponds and the former open-cast mine have been filled in since 2004 and redesigned together with the surrounding agricultural and natural areas in an overall regional concept into an ecologically valuable park landscape accessible via footpaths.
climate
The climate in the Netherlands is generally determined by its proximity to the sea, so it is still oceanic in Kerkrade . This means regularly mild winters and moderately warm summers as well as the usual frequent, mostly moderate, rarely long-lasting precipitation , as is typical for the maritime areas of the humid climate zone of northwestern Europe. The prevailing winds blow from the west. Every year, an average of just over 700 mm of precipitation falls, mostly as rain, and occasionally also as snow in average winters. The maximum precipitation is in normal years in July. The long-term mean temperatures here are +1.6 ° C to +1.8 ° C in January and around +17.2 ° C to 17.6 ° C in July. A total of five, less often six months of the year, the monthly mean is above +10 ° C. The Kerkrade area is to be classified as bioclimatic due to the dense settlement and the corresponding air pollution. However, since 2005 the city administration has been making increasing efforts to measure and research air quality and is striving to improve it in the medium term through suitable measures.
Nature and recreation
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With the Gravenrode Park , which is known as the green lung (from the left: groene Long ) Kerkrade, the town of Kerkrade has a local recreation area easily accessible for almost all residents, geographically located in the middle of the town. It extends along the Amstelbach, which is dammed into a lake between Kasteel Erenstein in the south and the district of Hopel or Eygelshoven in the north. The local recreation area also extends from the Dentgenbach industrial park in the west to the Kerkrade-Centrum and -Chevremont settlement centers across the entire width of the idyllic Amstelbach valley. In cooperation with the neighboring municipality of Landgraaf , a zoological garden , the Gaiazoo , was created in Park Gravenrode . It opened its doors to visitors for the first time in April 2005. A number of sports and leisure facilities were previously located on the zoo's grounds, some of which were used as training grounds by the local former honorary division officer Roda Kerkrade . For a long time, the municipal outdoor pool was located next to it, which had to give way to the zoo.
In the north of Kerkrade, old mining areas and abandoned agricultural areas have been redesigned into a park landscape in conjunction with existing green areas since the beginning of the 21st century.
economy
Coal mining has been documented in the region around Kerkrade ( Wurmrevier ) since the 13th century , but it was not until the end of the 19th century that this industry grew to become the most important employer in the region. Kerkrade became an important center of East Limburg mining , but increasingly lost its dominant position to Heerlen in the period between the world wars. Since then, a highly diversified economic structure has developed.
Coal mining
In the first half of the 20th century, the region around Kerkrade, Heerlen , Hoensbroek , Brunssum , Eygelshoven and Schaesberg became the center of Dutch coal mining. The region was also called "Oostelijke Mijnstreek" (there was also a "Westelijke Mijnstreek", which was formed by the municipalities of Beek, Schinnen, Stein and the then independent municipality of Geleen).
Kerkrade grew steadily until the 1960s. The coal industry was there driving force of industrialization in the region. When the coal mining in Kerkrade got into existential need in the course of the general mining crisis in the Western European coal fields (" colliery dying "), all Dutch mines closed within a decade as a result of a government resolution of the Uyl . The basis for this was the Nota den Uyl, named after the then Minister of Economics and later Prime Minister .
Until the beginning of the mining crisis, the population of Kerkrade grew strongly, many settlements emerged during the mining period (especially those in the west of Kerkrade (Spekholzerheide, Terwinselen, Gracht) and those in the north (Eygelshoven, Chevremont, Op de Bossen, Hopel, Kommerveld, Waubacherveld )).
The following mines existed in Kerkrade during the 20th century (older mines such as Prick , Neu-Prick etc. were not taken into account. They were essentially included in the Domaniale Mijn concession .)
Domaniale Mijn
The Domaniale Mijn consisted of old, temporarily under state control, some in the majority German, partly located in Dutch privately owned mines directly on the Dutch-German border at the Nieuwstraat / Neustraße . The Willem I + II shafts were located here . Furthermore, the later Beerenbosch mine , not far from the Rolduc monastery, between the districts of Haanrade and Chevremont, belonged to the Domaniale Mijn ( Beerenbosch shafts I + II ). The Beerenbosch double shaft system was created to develop the northern part of the Domaniale concession. The Malakow Tower of the former Nulland or Neuland air shaft , which was also part of the Domaniale Mijn, is located along today's Hamstraat . A few hundred meters to the west, the sixth and last, but meaningless Schacht was Baamstraat which only 20.46 meters deep geteuft was and none of the main mining levels reached. This was the first shaft to be filled in 1967 . It was followed in 1969 by the Willem I and Beerenbosch I shafts. After the Domaniale Mijn was closed in 1969, the Willem II, Beerenbosch II and Nulland shafts were used by the Eschweiler Bergwerks-Verein (EBV) to keep its mines in Alsdorf and drained until the 1990s Siersdorf used.
The history of the Domaniale began in close connection with the efforts of the Rolduc Abbey to revive traditional coal mining in the 18th century by recruiting skilled workers from the Liège area and thus mastering the general poverty prevailing in the area at the time. At that time the abbey owned the mining rights on the Kohlberg west of the Wurm (between Herzogenrath and Pannesheide). There were a number of smaller trades of which the Voccart (Herzogenrath-Straß), Neu-Prick and Domaniale mines were ultimately left over at the end of the 19th century. The Domaniale Mijn itself already existed as Mines Domaniales under Napoleonic rule, under which it was transferred from church property to state property. It is a direct result of the Rolduc Abbey concession . During the Belgian Revolution from 1830 to 1839, the mine had been Belgian-owned for nine years and was on the verge of decline due to mismanagement. The mine only achieved renewed economic prosperity through investments in new shafts and the connection to the Prussian and Belgian rail network through the Aachen-Maastricht Railway Company in 1871.
Willem-Sophia
Following the Domaniale concession, the Willem and Sophia concessions were located in a north-westerly direction. These were only opened up between 1898 and 1902 by a mine in the Speckholzerheide district, as the heavily water-bearing overburden had previously proven to be an obstacle when sinking the shafts and the company that owned the concession had also gone bankrupt. Due to the ever increasing demand for coal, the Belgian Société Anonymes des Charbonnages Néérlandais Willem et Sophia acquired the two fields and began to develop them. Coal was mined for the first time in 1902. A total of five shafts opened up the two fields, in which, as on Domaniale, only lean coal and anthracite were extracted for house heating or as boiler coal. In 1970 the production was stopped and all surface facilities were demolished in the following period. Since then, a modern sports complex has been built at the same location after a temporary industrial wasteland. Street names such as Carboonstraat , Steenbergweg or Willem-Sophia-Plein are reminiscent of the former colliery, as is a monument on the sports and leisure complex that was built in place of the mine and bears its name.
Wilhelmina
The Staatsmijn Wilhelmina was established as the first mine of the national Dutch mining company (from which the DSM group later proceeded ) around 1902. The first coal was produced by the double- shaft system as early as 1906. Before the colliery was closed, the smallest of the Staatsmijnen produced a total of 59,235,000 tons of lean coal and anthracite until 1969 . The Wilhelmina concession , originally called Ernst , was the smallest of the state concessions. Since then, the Snowworld (indoor ski area), the Megaland (horse racing track; open-air area), a drive-in cinema , the longest staircase in the Netherlands and the central memorial for the victims of the Dutch mining industry have been built on the former premises of Wilhelmina . However, the said area is now completely in the area of the municipality of Landgraaf, while the place Terwinselen still belongs to Kerkrade. However, the facilities mentioned belong to the intermunicipal park Gravenrode .
Laura & Vereeniging
The two foreign-owned mines Laura en Vereeniging and Julia in Eygelshoven, which can be traced back to the exploration of German engineers in the area of Eygelshoven and Haanrade, opened up a joint concession, which was divided into two by the fault zone of the Feldbiss fracture. Since it was not possible to penetrate the Feldbiss-Bruch for a long time, the Julia was built as one of the most modern mines in the Netherlands to develop the separated northeastern part of the concession. Later the two pits were connected underground by three tunnels. The Laura mine was in production from 1905 to 1968. The production amounted to 31,885,000 tons of hard coal (lean coal and anthracite). Laura had two shafts. A housing estate with a park was built on the former premises of Laura. South of the Laura, the Hopel colony developed soon after mining began , and most of it was renovated and preserved.
Julia
The Julia mine was in production from 1926 to the end of 1974. At 31,963,000 tons, their total conveying capacity was almost identical to that of the sister mine Laura & Vereeniging. The site of the former Julia mine was re-used as a commercial area for small and medium-sized businesses, many of them from the construction sector, some more from the metalworking sector. The commercial area Julia has a siding, to among others, the office of the company Essent (milieu) , the Laurametaal and neighboring NATO took depot and some still use.
Carisborg (open-cast brown coal mine)
After the Netherlands had realized during the First World War that their energy supply was not secure in the event of a crisis, they made increasing efforts to extract geologically younger brown coal in small open-cast mines in addition to hard coal . However, this industry, which lasted only about four decades, suffered from many difficulties from the beginning, which is why it was never able to attain the importance of hard coal mining. However, the lignite opencast mines left traces, such as the former ponds in the north of Kerkrade-Eygelshoven, which were finally filled in since 2005. These were the remains of the Herman opencast mine . To the west of the Hanrade district was the somewhat larger Anna opencast mine , which transported the lignite over a small railway line. Most of the coal mined by NV tot exploitatie van bruinkoolvelden Carisborg was processed in a briquette factory west of Brunssum near the Treebeek colliery colony .
Colliery death and structural change
After the mines were closed, the region around Kerkrade initially suffered poor economic conditions. An action plan “From black to green”, which was pushed forward by the Dutch government, was initially only able to remedy this to a limited extent. Likewise, the planned creation of substitute industries, which led to deadweight effects, but initially could not stimulate the economy sufficiently to avoid high unemployment, emigration, commuting and social problems. Kerkrade fell significantly behind compared to other Dutch cities and municipalities (especially in the Randstad ).
One of the main reasons for the restructuring process is that there are hardly any traces of the formerly formative mining industry in Kerkrade. Most of the mining areas were given over to subsequent use, the heaps dug up and their material used in the construction industry (including dyke and road construction).
Since then, Kerkrade has developed a highly diversified commercial structure. The district centers are mainly characterized by gastronomy, retail and various, sometimes higher-quality services. In the north (Julia) and west of the city (Dentgenbach, Locht, Speckholzerheide) , a large number of offices and production facilities have been set up in four industrial areas. The metal, construction and building materials, food and electronics industries are important. There are also a wide variety of services. Agriculture hardly plays a role.
The EBC - a European precedent
The cross-border service center Eurode Business Center , or EBC for short, is located on the border with the neighboring German town of Herzogenrath, not far from the Rolduc monastery . Like Neustraße, at the end of which the EBC is located, the EBC can be seen as a field test for cross-border cooperation between Germany and the Netherlands.
traffic
Despite its geographically peripheral location on the edge of the Netherlands and directly on the border with Germany, Kerkrade is well connected to the transport network.
Trunk roads
At Locht the N 300 (Herzogenrath-Heerlen) and the motor road N 281 (Simpelveld-Heerlen) cross. This connects Kerkrade to the A 76 motorway (extension of the German A 4 and the E 314 ). In addition, the N 299, which is known as Roderlandbaan between Chevremont and the German border near Herzogenrath, connects Kerkrade with Herzogenrath (there connection to the German L 232) and with Landgraaf , Brunssum and Hoensbroek .
Railways
Route connections
| Train type | Line course | frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Arriva Stoptrein RS15 | Kerkrade-Centrum - Chevremont - Eygelshoven - Landgraaf - Heerlen De Kissel - Heerlen - Hoensbroek - Nuth - Schinnen - Spaubeek - Geleen Oost - Sittard | every half hour |
Railway traffic had long lost its importance for Kerkrade, but has been revived since the turn of the millennium. In 2007, construction of a new stop for the Euregiobahn on the Sittard – Herzogenrath line began in Eygelshoven . The location of the Haanrade stop is on the site of the previously existing Kerkrade Rolduc station . Other existing stops are Hopel , Chevremont and Centrum , all on the Schaesberg – Simpelveld railway line , also known as the multi- million line, on which the Arriva regional trains (Stoptrein) run every half hour between Kerkrade and Heerlen .
Historically, the tram in Kerkrade was important for regional and local traffic. Since it was abolished in 1950, little more than a tunnel on the Wijngracht , which is now used by a cycle path , has been reminiscent of the earlier tram lines on the Limburgsche Tramweg Maatschappij .
air traffic
Less than a half hour drive from Kerkrade is located near the town of Beek the Maastricht-Aachen Airport . The number of destinations is very limited there. A temporary line service to Berlin was discontinued after a few years due to lack of demand. A resumption of this connection is currently being prepared (as of December 2010).
There are four other international airports about an hour's drive away , namely in Cologne-Bonn (D), Düsseldorf (D), Liège (B) and Eindhoven (NL). Brussels Airport, which is around 1.5 hours away, is also one of the more frequently used airports from here. Overall, the situation between the airports results in the situation that one is connected to the respective national as well as international and intercontinental air traffic via five airports in three countries.
Waterways
The railway connections between the mines in the so-called Oostelijke Mijnstreek , i.e. the area around Kerkrade, Heerlen and Brunssum with the nearby coal ports on the Maas and the Julianakanal (in Born , Stein and Maastricht ) were historically significant . Most of the coal was transported to the northern parts of the country via these ports. The transport by barge via the Juliana Canal, which was specially constructed for this purpose, was comparatively inexpensive overall, so that Dutch coal could sometimes be sold across the Rhine as far as southern Germany, while a canal connection was heatedly discussed in the neighboring Aachen district, but never realized, which caused the coal from to the Aachen area by train and was therefore significantly more expensive to transport and thus experienced a competitive disadvantage with the price.
Even today, the connection to the dense Dutch waterway network is also important for Kerkrade. The former coal port of Stein is now a modern freight center (GVZ) and the port of Maastricht is also of regional importance.
The proximity of several seaports is very important for Kerkrade, especially the port of Antwerp in Belgium. Kerkrade is only around two hours' drive away on the A76 motorway (German A4) between the Antwerp port and the Rhine-Main area. This makes Kerkrade a sensible location for companies in the area of so-called value added logistics .
Cycle path network
In the Netherlands, the bicycle is much more important than in any other Western European country. Accordingly, the cycle path network in and around Kerkrade is well developed. There is practically no main road that is not lined with a cycle path. In newer settlements (e.g. Op de Bossen ), bicycles are often given priority over motor vehicle traffic in traffic planning. If you cross a newer settlement by car, this takes significantly longer than if you cross the same settlement by bike or on foot due to traffic calming and detours. Some streets can only be reached on foot or by bike.
A well-developed tourist network of cycle paths that cross Kerkrade, especially in the Amsteltal and Wurmtal, is integrated into a designated and signposted cross-border cycle path network.
City structure
In the Netherlands cities and municipalities are usually divided into wijken and these in turn are divided into buurten . Wijken roughly correspond to German city districts or a locality. Buurten can be described as a district, a settlement center or a settlement. In addition, there are also terms such as dorpen (villages) and wonkernen (residential areas; settlement centers).
The municipal administration of Kerkrades distinguishes three Wijken in administrative practice, each of which consists of a number of Buurten:
- Kerkrade-Centrum / Oost with the Buurten Centrum, Holz, Nulland, Bleyerheide, Rolduckerfeld, Chevremont, Erenstein, Haanrade;
- Kerkrade-West with the Buurten Speckholzerheide, Heillust, Kaalheide, Gracht, Ham, Terwinselen, Dentgenbach / Groene Long;
- Kerkrade-Noord with the Buurten Vink, Hopel, Eygelshoven-Kom, Waubacherfeld .
This classification is handled very flexibly. For example, for the cleaning, care and maintenance of public spaces by the city, it is also divided into three clusters . These differ in places from the Wijken division.
Culture and sights
music
The Orlandofestival is an annual music event in Kerkrade. Chamber music is the focus of this festival.
The international World Music Concours (WMC) is only held every four years, but it is by far the most important music event in the city. Here bands (occur brass bands , marching bands and similar formations) from around the world and in some ways also to today. The WMC is considered their unofficial world championship.
Kerkrade is also a city in which music is very important. There are regular concerts of very different kinds in the Rodahalle , but also in smaller venues such as the oude Kerkje in Eygelshoven (an old church). Modern music from hip-hop to techno to independent as well as traditional folk music and church choirs are also part of the musical offerings of Kerkrade. But it also stands for the fact that with Heintje from Kerkrade comes an internationally successful musician.
Museums
The Continium is a young, conceptually interactive museum of industrial history . It is located directly at the Kerkrade train station, where the ZLSM's rail vehicles, which are interesting in terms of technology history, often stop. The modern museum is part of the Gravenrode Park .
Park Gravenrode
The most recent sights in Kerkrade should be mentioned, including the modern, interactive museum of the history of technology, as well as the Zuid-Limburgse Stoomtrein Maatschappij (ZLSM) since April 1995, with its tourist railway line between Kerkrade and Schin op Geul operated by steam locomotives Kerkrade Center. The ZLSM trains mainly run in summer and can often be seen on the route from Kerkrade via Laandgraaf to Heerlen.
However, in addition to these attractions, Kerkrade also has traditional sights, monuments and green spaces, as well as modern architecture. The mining settlements from which the listed and renovated colony protrudes on the Hopel which are flats of the 1960s and 1970s against in Bleijerheide and Rolduckerfeld. Newer settlements combine the character of the miners' settlement with modern settlement planning and an architectural mix of styles.
religion
In general, the Roman Catholic Church as a religious community in Kerkrade is of great importance. Since the early 20th century, however, Protestant congregations have also emerged as a result of domestic immigration. For example, there is a New Apostolic congregation on Kaalheidersteenweg. Since the 1960s, the number of followers of non-Christian denominations, including predominantly Muslims , has also increased through immigration.
Rolduc Abbey
The Rolduc Abbey is of cross-border importance both historically and architecturally. It looks in vain for its equals in the Netherlands and contributed significantly to the development of Kerkrade. The significant history of the monastery was written down in the Annales Rodenses as early as the 12th century , which was significantly revised and continued by Abbot Nikolaus Heyendal at the beginning of the 18th century and published as a supplement by one of the last canons, Simon Peter Ernst . In the crypt of the abbey church , which is interesting from a historical point of view , the grave of the founder of the monastery, Ailbertus von Antoing, can be admired, in which, according to more recent scientific findings, his bones are not kept, which were actually supposed to be exhumed at the end of the 19th century and buried here. The monastery also has a rococo library that is well worth seeing . For a long time in the 18th and 19th centuries it served as a Catholic seminary , which was primarily responsible for the training and education of the next generation of Catholic priests in the Diocese of Roermond. In the 20th century, pastors were still trained here and students were prepared for a career in the church. A Catholic grammar school is still housed in one wing of the monastery, and there are also accommodations and conference rooms available for visitors. The abbey is often the setting for weddings and other celebrations.
In addition to the former Augustinian abbey, there were other monasteries in Kerkrade, such as St. Elisabeth am Amstelbach not far from Kasteel Erenstein . It stands on the foundations of a former castle, Kasteel 's Herenanstel, which was owned by the Rolduc monastery from 1550 to around 1800. Another monastery (monastery) existed in the district of wood. In the center you can find the still used Levend Vredesmonument , a small and simple monastery with a chapel. Further monasteries existed and still exist in the districts of Kaalheide ( Dienaressen van het Heilig Sacrament / Witte Zusatz ), in Bleijerheide ( Monastery of Mary of the Angels , Franciscans) and in Chevremont. The Franciscans (OFM) moved to Prussia during the Kulturkampf and bought a plot of land right on the border in Bleyerheide, where they built their monastery, a seminary and a neo-Gothic brick church. A well-known student of the Augustinian Seminary was the later Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels .
Churches, chapels, wayside crosses
Individual churches in Kerkrade go back to the Middle Ages and look back on a long history, such as St. Johannes de Doper in Eygelshoven, a Romanesque church known locally as Oude Kerkje (see picture), whose origins can be traced back to the 13th century or the in the meantime destroyed and rebuilt St. Lambertuskerk in the center. The predecessor of Kerkrades, the only church until 1851, gave the town its name.
In addition to these, however, the church buildings of the twentieth century are particularly noteworthy. Although at least two churches in Chevremont and Rolduckerfeld, built in the 1920s and 1930s, fell victim to mining damage and urban renewal, there are still numerous churches from these years, such as Heilig Hart van Jezus , in Haanrade (see picture), Onze Lieve Vrouw van Lourdes , Gracht, the Catharinakerk , Holz, but also the much younger Blijde Boodschapkerk (Good News Church, see picture) in Rolduckerfeld / Chevremont and the Onze Lieve Vrouw Tenhemelopneming church in Chevremont.
In addition to these, there are other church buildings. They as well as a number of smaller chapels and a larger number of crosses containing mostly German-language inscriptions indicate the predominantly Catholic coinage of Kerkrades. The formative influence of the Catholic faith is also documented by the many Roman Catholic associations as well as many denominational schools and social institutions. Many older buildings have portraits of Mary or other gable figures in wall niches and gables . In the district of Haanrade there is a Lourdes grotto .
List of Catholic churches in the Kerkrade deanery
- Antonius van Padua (Bleijerheide)
- Bernardus (Ubachsberg)
- Blijde Boodschap (Kerkrade)
- Catharina (wood)
- Saint Hart van Jezus (Haanrade)
- Jacobus de Meerdere (Bocholtz)
- Johannes de Doper (Eygelshoven)
- Johannes de Doper (oud gothic kerkje) (Eygelshoven)
- Jozef (Kaalheide)
- Jozef Arbeider (Huls)
- Jozef en Norbertus (Kerkrade)
- Lambertus (Kerkrade)
- Maria Goretti (Nulland)
- Martinus (Spekholzerheide)
- Onze Lieve Vrouw Onbevlekt Ontvangen (Terwinselen)
- Onze Lieve Vrouw Tenhemelopneming (Chèvremont)
- Onze Lieve Vrouw van Altijddurende Bijstand (Heilust)
- Onze Lieve Vrouw van Lourdes (Canal) (demolished around 2014)
- Pastoor van Ars (Eygelshoven)
- Remigius (Simpelveld)
- St. Maria zu den Engeln (Kerkrade) (Church of the Society of St. Pius X. )
Simpelveld, Bocholtz and Ubachsberg are located outside of Kerkrade in the municipality of Simpelveld, but belong to the Kerkrade deanery.
Sports
sports clubs
In addition to cultural life, sport is also very important in Kerkrade. The city's best-known sporting figurehead is the football club Roda Kerkrade , which plays its home games in the “Parkstad Limburg” stadium. Until the end of the 1990s the club played in the stadium on Kaalheide, and since then in the Parkstad Limburg Stadium . The Bundesliga coach Huub Stevens was a coach at Roda JC, with whom he was eliminated in the 1996/97 UEFA Cup competition against Bundesliga club FC Schalke 04 , before a few weeks later he followed Jörg Berger as coach of FC Schalke 04 to join this club to finally win the UEFA Cup.
Roda JC emerged from a number of senior football clubs. These were FC Kerkrade , SV Bleijerheide (both merged to Roda Sport in 1954 ), SV&AV Juliana and Rapid'54 . The latter also merged at the end of 1954 to form Rapid Juliana Combinatie , Rapid JC for short . This club, Rapid JC, celebrated the first and so far only championship title of a football club from Kerkrade in the 1955/56 season after the play-off games held at that time . In general, the decade after World War II was the most successful for Kerkrad football. At times, three professional teams from the mining town played simultaneously in the top Dutch league. Many players and coaches from Kerkrade made a name for themselves nationally and internationally.
Other sports clubs from Kerkrade are (selection):
- Football: SVA Bleijerheide , RKTSV Wilhelmina Terwinselen , RKVV Chevremont , LHC Eygelshoven , KVC Oranje 1911 Kerkrade. RKVV Haanrade. FC Kerkrade-West. RKVV Miranda and VV Achilles'67 Kerkrade. Etc.
- Athletics: Atletiekvereniging Achilles Top
- Handball: HV Kerkrade (successful in the 1970s and 1980s as a second division team in the Netherlands and as a talent factory)
- Volleyball: VC Furos (Chevremont)
- Swimming: KZC Eurode Kerkrade. KZP Kerkrade (swimming and polo)
- Martial arts: JV Terwinselen (Judo & Jiu Jitsu ), JC Arashi Nulland (Judo), Taekwondo Hapkido Cheon Kwon (Taekwondo)
- Shooting sport: Koninklijke Schutterij St.Michael Chevremont. Schietvereniging Ricochet gel. Schuttersbroedershap St.Sebastianus Kerkrade (oldest documented association in Kerkrade); Schietsportvereniging A-Team Kerkrade. St.Hubertus Haanrade. St.Catharinagilde Kerkrade wood etc.
- Other sports clubs: GBV 't Pumpje (billiards, golf); TC Laura-Hopel (tennis), TC Kerkrade'54 (tennis), DVC Kerkrade (darts), SKC Kegelvrung'69 Kerkraadse Schaak Vereniging (chess), Honk- en Softbalclub Samacols (soft and hit ball)
Sports facilities
The most famous sports facility in Kerkrades is on the border with Heerlen - the Parkstad Limburg Stadium . In addition, there are numerous other sports facilities, the large number of soccer fields being particularly noteworthy. Not only the large number of playing fields, but also their condition, which must always be emphasized, is remarkable. There are almost exclusively grass pitches. In the more important settlement centers (Wijken) there are usually sports halls and other sports facilities. Other sports facilities are sometimes in restaurants, such as shooting lanes or bowling alleys ( federal bowling alleys always according to German standards). The stadium on the Kaalheide is equipped for hosting athletics events. In the center of the city is the Recreatiecentrum D'r Pool , a wellness center and indoor pool, a base for swimming. There are also several tennis courts, shooting ranges and shooting fields, football fields and other sports facilities.
Sporting events
Since 1965 the Abdijcross has been held annually on the grounds of the Rolduc Abbey.
Kerkrader personalities
Mayor of the city of Kerkrade
The following list names the mayors since 1850. The formerly independent municipality of Eygelshoven has been incorporated since 1982 . Since then, the mayors of Kerkrade have succeeded the previous mayors of Eygelshoven.
Mayor of Kerkrade
| Term of office | mayor |
|---|---|
| 1836-1850 | Willem Vaessen |
| 1850-1866 | Jacques Herry |
| 1866-1870 | J. Henri Jan Savelberg |
| 1870-1880 | Winand LJ Franssen |
| 1880-1901 | Karl IJ Daelen |
| 1901-1909 | Dominique JM Savelberg |
| 1910-1915 | M. Hendricks |
| 1916-1941 | Gerardus Hubertus Alphonse Habets |
| 1941-1943 | AMP Thomassen |
| 1943-1944 | TAAM Copray |
| 1944-1948 | Gerardus HA Habets |
| 1948-1951 | Albertus PJM Lempers |
| 1951-1957 | Cornelus Johannes Gerardus Becht |
| 1958-1964 | Theo Ghijsen |
| 1970-1982 | Jo Smeets |
Mayor of Kerkrade and Eygelshoven
| Term of office | mayor |
|---|---|
| 1982-1989 | Jo Smeets |
| 1989-1994 | Jan Mans |
| 1994-2000 | Thijs Wöltgens |
| since 2000 | Jos Som |
Born in Kerkrade
- Wiel Coerver (1924–2011), football coach who was still active as a coach at the age of 83 and after whom a training method (Coerver method) was named
- Willem Hoefnagels (1929–1978), former politician and economist, was a member of the KVP and from 1965 to 1966 State Secretary for Finance and Taxes
- Peter D. Groenewegen ( Peter Diderik Groenewegen ; 1939–2018), Dutch-Australian economist
- Frans Wiertz (* 1942), emeritus Roman Catholic Bishop of Roermond
- Thijs Wöltgens (1943–2008), politician of the PvdA , member of the First and Second Chamber of the Dutch Parliament; Mayor of Kerkrade
- Willy Brokamp (* 1946), football player at MVV Maastricht and Ajax Amsterdam , learned to run and play football as a native of Kerkrad in the Chevremont district (at RKVV Chevremont) and developed his preference for gastronomy where there are still a large number of restaurants
- Wiel Kusters (* 1947 in Spekholzerheide), contemporary writer, poet, columnist and lecturer
- Gerd Leers (* 1951), CDA politician, Minister for Immigration and Asylum in the Rutte I cabinet from 2010 to 2012
- Heintje , bourgeois Hein Simons (* 1955 in Bleijerheide), singer and former child star, lived first in Eygelshoven until his breakthrough and later in Bleijerheide again
- Jörg Müller (* 1969), German automobile racing driver
- Mark Flekken (* 1993), soccer player
- Joshua Brenet (* 1994), football player
literature
- PM Boudewijn: Kerkrade, monumentje van uw tijd waard. In: De Zuid-Limburger. (Wochenblatt), Volume 1989, No. 79.
- Petrus C. Boeren: Annales Rhodenses . Assen 1968.
- AWA van den Eelaart: Eygeslshoven 850 Jaar . Kerkrade 1981.
- L. Augustus: Kasteel Ehrenstein 875 years. In: Het land van Herle, Volume 34, Heerlen 1984, pp. 71-80.
- JF Driessen: Kerkrade in oude views. Zaltbommel 1972.
- JF Driessen: Inventory van de archieven of the gemeente Kerkrade 1795-1946. Kerkrade, ed. by the Gemeente Kerkrade. Kerkrade 1986.
- HH Knapen: Eygelshoven in oude views. Zaltbommel 1972.
- von Negri: Ehrenstein and the Lords of Ehrenstein (Kerkrade). In: De Maasgouw. Volume 58, Maastricht 1938, p. 64.
- von Negri: Ehrenstein and the Lords of Ehrenstein (Kerkrade). In: De Maasgouw. Volume 60, Maastricht 1940, p. 74.
- J. Scholtes: Kerkrade in de schaduw der eeuwen: vermeldenswaardige feiten en gebeurtenissen. 9 volumes. Kerkrade, 1980-1988, passim. (Important work on the history of Kerkrades)
- JJMH Verzijl: De verkoop van Ehrenstein aan de gebroeders Dominicus en Michael Colen (te Maastricht), 11 sept 1802. In: De Maasgouw. Volume 62, Maastricht 1942, p. 43.
Web links
- Official website of the municipality of Kerkrade (Dutch)
- Tourist board website (Dutch, German, English)
- Wiki of the Kerkrade Association , Gisteren en Vandaag (Dutch)
- Website of the zoological garden Gaiapark (Dutch, German, English, French)
- Website of the international music competition WMC (Dutch, English)
- Mining website ( memento of January 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (nl, en, de) with reference u. a. also on Kerkrade, Eygelshoven and the former mines there.
- Website De Domaniale Mijn in beeld. ( Memento of September 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (de, nl, en): This gives an insight into the importance of mining in Kerkrade and its profound influence in almost all areas of life.
- Online publication on lignite mining ( Memento from October 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) at Haanrade and Eygelshoven (nl)
- Collection of links on topics and institutions related to Kerkrade ( Memento from February 23, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) (nl)
- Collection of links to the Roda JC football club ( memento from June 24, 2003 in the Internet Archive ) (nl)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Ruben Van Erp: Petra Dassen-Housen start on June 11th as a burgemeester in Kerkrade. In: De Limburger . Media Groep Limburg, April 16, 2019, accessed on June 11, 2019 (Dutch).
- ↑ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand . In: StatLine . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Dutch)
- ↑ Result of the local elections: 2014 2018 , accessed on July 31, 2018 (Dutch)
- ↑ Allocation of seats in the municipal council: 1981–2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 , accessed on July 31, 2018 (Dutch)
- ^ Nieuw college gemeente Kerkrade. In: Gemeente Kerkrade. May 17, 2018, accessed July 31, 2018 (Dutch).
- ↑ Samenstelling college en portefeuilleverdeling Gemeente Kerkrade, accessed on July 31, 2018 (Dutch)
- ↑ Kerkrade, Gisteren en Vandaag (KGV)
- ↑ on this inter alia: Website for onomastics
- ↑ In this context, the following source is very readable - Walter Hoffmann: From Himmerod and Rottbitze to Roda Kerkrade. In: Mededelingen van de Vereniging voor Limburgse Dialect- en Naamkunde. No. 86. Hasselt 1996, passim . - see. also the online edition of the article on the DBNL portal site .
- ^ A b Diane Habets: Archeologie van de vuursteenbijlen t / m de romeinen. ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Romanesque Overble
- ^ Paul van der Heijden, Gerard Tichelman: Romeinen in Kerkrade. Villa Holzkuil. Kerkrade 2003, ISBN 90-70246-60-X .
- ↑ Eelaart, p. 8f.
- ↑ Eelaart, 1981, pp. 8f.
- ↑ Petrus C. Boeren: Annales Rhodenses . Assen 1968.
- ↑ Gemeente Kerkrade: Geschiedenis in jaartallen. ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gemeente Kerkrade: Geschiedenis in jaartallen. ( Memento of May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ); see. Boeren, 1968, passim; see. J. Ruland: The Marienthal Abbey on the Ahr. When it was founded 850 years ago. In: Rheinische Heimatpflege . Vol. 24, No. 4, 1987, pp. 256-260. Here reference is made to the history of Kerkrade and information is provided about the Counts Saffenberg.
- ↑ In the Middle Ages wine was one of the main commercial goods between Cologne and Maastricht, and cloth was another. - See Gemeente Kerkrade: Geschiedenis in jaartallen. ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ u. a. Bert Breij: De mijnen went open, de mijnen went close. 2nd Edition. o. O. 1991.
- ^ Charles B. MacDonald: The Sigfried Line Campaign . Washington, DC 1990, pp. 251-280.
- ↑ a b c d TU Delft: Coalpage. ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ on seismic activity u. a. KNMI (Ed.): Aardbevingen in Nederland 1904-2004 . ; see. also: KNMI (ed.): Zwerm van aardbevingen bij Voerendaal en Kunrade (2001). ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Kerkrade, Gisteren en Vandaag. (KGV).
- ↑ Topografische Dienst (Ed.): Topografische Kaart van Nederland . Official map, scale 1: 50000; see. also: Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen (Hrsg.): Basically water - Hydrogeology in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Memento from June 12, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Basically water . Krefeld 1999, p. 14. (PDF)
- ↑ L. Steinberg: Biomonitoring on the worm. From the sewer to the river habitat - illustrated using the example of the development of fish stocks. In: State Office for the Environment, Nature and Consumer Protection of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (Ed.): Communications. 2/2003, pp. 47-51.
- ↑ Steinberg, 2003, p. 49.
- ↑ Nature reserve "Wurmtal north of Herzogenrath" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 20, 2017.
- ↑ Mjr 3 - 06 - 042 - Anselderbeek.wpd Zuiveringschap Limburg (ed.): Meerjarenrapport Waterkwaliteit Limburgse oppervlaktewateren 1992–1998, sheet 42, Anstellerbeek ( Memento of October 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF).
- ↑ AWA van den Eelaart: Eygeslshoven 850 Jaar. Kerkrade 1981, pp. 232, 300–307 (pictures) and appendix (maps).
- ↑ Eelaart, 1981, p. 69.
- ↑ Cranenweyer website ( Memento from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Nature reserve "west bank" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 20, 2017.
- ↑ Nature reserve "Deciduous and alluvial forest area near Herzogenrath west of Pannesheide in the Amstelbachtal" in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia , accessed on February 20, 2017.
- ↑ Eelaart, 1981, pp. 218-221.
- ↑ Climate tables of the reference stations Beek (NL) and Aachen (D) in: Gerold Richter (Ed.): Handbook of selected climate stations of the earth . Trier 1980.
- ↑ Gemeente Kerkrade (Ed.): Report luchtkwaliteit 2004 ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Always new damage: The mining industry is catching up with Parkstad. on: aachener-zeitung.de , December 12, 2012.
- ↑ Industrial history Domaniale Mijn ( Memento of the original dated May 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ on this u. a. Coalpage of the TU Delft ( Memento from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ on this u. a. Raedts, C .: De opkomst, ontwikkeling en neergang van de steenkolenmijnbouw in Limburg . Heerlen 1974, passim. - See also: Kerkrade, Gisteren en Vandaag . - Also: De Domaniale Mijn in beeld ( Memento of September 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ u. a. TU Delft: Coalpage ( Memento from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ); also Kerkrade, Gisteren en Vandaag .
- ^ TU Delft: History of the DSM . ( Memento from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ u. a. Eelart, 1981, pp. 102-117.
- ↑ Eelart, 1981, pp. 102-117.
- ↑ to the depot u. a. here .
- ↑ translated this means something like : corporation for the exploitation of lignite fields Carisborg .
- ^ MNB Kockelkoren: Bruinkoolwinning in Eygelshoven en Haanrade. ( Memento of May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on: Website DeMijnen.nl .
- ↑ u. a. HW Breuer: Free and Planned Development of Substitute Industries. Investigations into the industrial structural change with special consideration of the southern New England states of the USA and of Dutch South Limburg. Aachen 1984, passim.
- ↑ Gemeente Kerkrade: Wijkontwikkeling. ( Memento from May 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Gemeente Kerkrade: Wijkbeheer ( Memento of May 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Internet presence of the Industrion ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . –See also video report on the Industrion
- ↑ u. a. Churches in Limburg
- ↑ a b Churches in Limburg
- ↑ Source: Dutch Wikipedia : List van burgemeesters van Kerkrade. (As of November 5, 2007); see. also the following sources: Here. ;
- ^ The Körver Method ( Memento from February 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
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