Kasteel Erenstein

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Kasteel Erenstein ( German  Schloss Erenstein ) is a 13th century castle in Kerkrade in the southeast of the Dutch province of Limburg . Kasteel Erenstein is located in the so-called Anstelvallei (Amsteltal) directly on the Anstelerbeek ( Amstelbach ).

Kasteel Erenstein

Surname

The name Erenstein goes back to the family name of the Rhenish knight dynasty van Ederen , which came from the place Ederen (now part of Linnich ) in what was then the Duchy of Jülich . The first documented owner was "Adam van Eyderensteyne". From Eder stone soon became Erenstein, with the word portion -stein as an indication of a stone building, is to be interpreted as a rule, a castle, or at least an increased stone house or homestead. Locally, the name Erenstein is sometimes incorrectly spelled Ehrenstein , as can also be proven in the name of the Oud Ehrensteinerweg , at the end of which the castle is located. The incorrect spelling is also occasionally found in the literature, although this is by no means limited to German-language fonts. Between 1900 and 1975 Erenstein was usually referred to as Schloss Alt-Erenstein ( Oud-Erenstein ) to distinguish between the castle and the Neu-Erenstein ( Nieuw Erenstein ) farm .

building

Today Schloss Erenstein u. a. used as a restaurant.

The castle, which is surrounded by a moat fed by the Amstelbach, consists of two wings (east and south wings) that meet at one corner of the complex. Originally the building had a third wing so that a U-shape resulted, which was open to the north. In the 19th century, the western wing was torn down as a result of a fire. On the south wing, in front of the actual facade, there are three low towers, two round and one rectangular, which were added in the 18th century. Another wing of the building was built, probably instead of older farm buildings, was built in the 19th century and served as a monastery for a long time . Hence the name Kloostervleugel for this . In the mansion there are, among other things, an ornate staircase, magnificent chandeliers and a remarkable chimney casing from the 18th century. The architecture was visibly influenced by the Aachen baroque master builder Johann Joseph Couven . To the north, the courtyard is bounded by the outer bailey, which was built in the 17th century.

The complex is protected as a monument. It has the status of the Rijksmonument of the Netherlands (No. 23573) and the Provincial Monument of the Province of Limburg.

history

First the castle was used around 1340 as a guard castle on the then very important trade route between Cologne and the Flemish cities such as Ghent and Bruges . As a result, it was one of four main fiefdoms of the Herzogenrath lordship, which was also referred to as Land van 's-Hertogenrode (or simply Land van Rode ). The first lords of the castle on Erenstein were the lords of Ederen. However, they got into debt and the castle changed hands for the first time.

The von Gronsveld knight dynasty followed the noble von Ederen family in 1450. Adolf II of Ederen pledged Erenstein to this when he had to borrow a considerable sum of money there. When Adolf II von Ederenstein was unable to pay his debts, the property changed hands in the second half of the 15th century to Heinrich von Gronsveld, who was also lord of Rimburg at the time . Through the marriage of Johanna von Gronsveld, granddaughter of Heinrich von Gronsveld, with Johann Huyn van Amstenrade around 1485, the noble family of those von Amstenrade owned the castle and lands. In 1562 the castle changed into the property of Daniel Spies von Büllesheim , again through marriage . When his descendants got into financial hardship at the end of the 17th century, the property changed hands again. However, the name of the new owners is not known.

Only the next lord of the castle, Hendrik Poyck, mayor of Merkstein and clerk of the Rode states , is again mentioned by name in documents. He acquired the castle and lands in 1707. After a devastating fire on May 11, 1708, only the south and east wings were restored, the west wing has been missing since then. The reconstruction was not finished until 1722. Erenstein remained in the possession of the Poyck family until 1802.

In 1802 the Maastricht middle-class Colen family bought the property, initially using it as a summer residence and from 1840 as a family residence. As early as 1858, after the death of Maria Colen, it changed to the Eupen noble family de Grand Ry through the marriage of the heiress . Erenstein gave these to a group of Franciscans from France in 1903 . These French Franciscans founded a seminary there and added a modern wing (Klosstervleugel) to the building, which was demolished in the 1960s during the renovation.

During the German occupation of the Netherlands, the municipality of Kerkrade bought the property. It was later renovated at considerable expense (more than a million guilders). Since then, there has been a restaurant and a four-star hotel in the neighboring 18th century Brughof . Surrounded by a park landscape, the ensemble now forms the southern part of the so-called green lung (from left: Groene Long ) Kerkrades.

literature

  • Augustus, L .: De familie Spies en Ehrenstein en het pandheerschap over Kerkrade, 1564-1689. In: Uit Kerkrade's Verleden. Kerkrade, 1967. pp. 43f.
  • Augustus, L .: Bij een plattegrond van Oud-Ehrenstein uit de 17de eeuw. In: Uit Kerkrade's verleden, Kerkrade, 1967, p. 67f.
  • Augustus, L .: Het geslacht Ehrenstein op het gelijknamige kasteel te Kerkrade. In: Het land van Herle, Vol. 26, Heerlen 1976, pp. 51-60.
  • Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. (1st part), in: De Maasgouw, Vol. 95, Maastricht 1977, pp. 65-79.
  • Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. (2nd part), in: De Maasgouw, Vol. 95, Maastricht 1977, pp. 129-142.
  • Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. (3rd part), in: De Maasgouw, Vol. 96, Maastricht 1978, pp. 11-23
  • Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. (4th part) in: De Maasgouw, Vol. 95, Maastricht 1978, pp. 101-108.
  • Augustus, L., Kasteel Ehrenstein 875 years. In: Het land van Herle, Vol. 34, Heerlen 1984, pp. 71-80.
  • Boudewijn, PM: Kerkrade, monumentje van uw tijd waard. In: De Zuid-Limburger (Wochenblatt), year 1989, No. 79.
  • Driessen, JF: Kerkrade in oude views. Zaltbommel 1972. 1972 (= Europese Bibliotheek, Bd.?)
  • Driessen, JF, Inventory van de archieven der gemeente Kerkrade 1795-1946 , Kerkrade, ed. by the Gemeente Kerkrade , Kerkrade 1986.
  • Negri, from: Ehrenstein and the Lords of Ehrenstein (Kerkrade) . In: De Maasgouw, vol. 58, Maastricht 1938, p. 64.
  • Negri, from: Ehrenstein and the Lords of Ehrenstein (Kerkrade) . In: De Maasgouw, vol. 60, Maastricht 1940, p. 74.
  • Scholtes, J .: Kerkrade in de schaduw der eeuwen: vermeldenswaardige feiten en gebeurtenissen. 9 vols., Kerkrade, 1980-1988, passim.
  • Verzijl, JJMH: De verkoop van Ehrenstein aan de gebroeders Dominicus en Michael Colen (te Maastricht), 11 sept 1802. In: De Maasgouw, vol. 62, Maastricht 1942, p. 43.
  • Reuters, Fritz: The 'von Ederenstein' family on the castle of the same name in Kerkrade (NL)

Web links

Commons : Kasteel Erenstein  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Augustus, L .: De familie Spies en Ehrenstein en het pandheerschap over Kerkrade, 1564-1689 . In: Uit Kerkrade's Verleden . Kerkrade, 1967, p. 43ff.
  2. ↑ Kerkrade, Gisteren en Vandaag
  3. ↑ cf. Reuters, Fritz: Ederen. The story of a village in the Jülich region. oOuJ
  4. ↑ cf. Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. In: De Maasgouw, vol. 95, Maastricht 1977.
  5. ↑ cf. Augustus, L .: Kasteel Ehrenstein te Kerkrade en zijn bewoners in de achttiende eeuw. In: De Maasgouw, Vol. 96, Maastricht 1978.
  6. ↑ cf. Verzijl, JJMH: De verkoop van Ehrenstein aan de gebroeders Dominicus en Michael Colen (te Maastricht), 11 sept 1802. In: De Maasgouw, vol. 62, Maastricht 1942, p. 43.
  7. ↑ cf. u. a. Boudewijn, PM: Kerkrade, monumentje van uw tijd waard. In: De Zuid-Limburger (Wochenblatt), year 1989, No. 79.

Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 17.1 ″  N , 6 ° 3 ′ 17 ″  E