Stein (Netherlands)

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Stein parish
Flag of the municipality of Stein
flag 		Coat of arms of the municipality of Stein
coat of arms
province Limburg Limburg
mayor Marion Leurs-Mordang ( PvdA )
Seat of the municipality stone
Area
 - land
 - water 		22.8  km 2
21.1 km 2
1.7 km 2
CBS code 0971
Residents 24,960 (Jan 31, 2019)
Population density 1095 inhabitants / km 2
Coordinates 50 ° 58 ′  N , 5 ° 46 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′  N , 5 ° 46 ′  E
Important traffic route A2 E25 A76 E314
prefix 046
Postcodes 6129, 6171, 6181
Website Homepage of Stein
LocatieStein.png
Template: Infobox location in the Netherlands / maintenance / map

Stein ( listen ? / I ) is a municipality in the Dutch province of Limburg , the most southeastern part of the Netherlands. Audio file / audio sample

On January 31, 2019, it had 24,960 inhabitants and covered a total area of ​​22.80 km².

Districts

The municipality of Stein consists of several settlement centers, the current districts of Stein, Elsloo, Urmond and a few smaller settlements.

geography

The municipality of Stein is located west of the twin town of Sittard-Geleen, directly on the banks of the Meuse and the Julianakanal . The subsoil consists of sediments (sand, gravel, loess) and is very fertile on loess. Less yield can be achieved on waterlogged or sandy soils, so grassland farming is more common there .

Neighboring communities / Windrose

Maasmechelen (Belgium) Sittard Geleen
Maasmechelen (Belgium) Compass card (de) .svg Sittard Geleen
Maasmechelen (Belgium) Meerssen Beek

Economy and Transport

The Kerensheide motorway junction (A2 Antwerp - Aachen / A76 Eindhoven - Maastricht ) is located in the municipality of Stein . In the Elsloo district there is also a small train station on the Sittard – Maastricht line. Part of the industrial plants of the chemical and life science group DSM (see also Sittard-Geleen ) is in the east of the community; many of the residents of Stein work there or with suppliers or contractors. The municipality of Stein has a regionally very important inland port with a freight center (GVZ), which was built in the 1990s. The origin of the modern port of Stein is the former coal port , through which a considerable part of the coal mined in the Limburg coal district was transported to the northern parts of the country via the Maas or Julianakanal. In the years after the First World War, when coal was sometimes very scarce in the Aachen area, the areas near the border were supplied with urgently needed coke and boiler coal via the Stein port and then by rail via Sittard, Heerlen and Herzogenrath, and that from England via Rotterdam , the Waal and the Meuse were delivered.

history

prehistory

Stein was already populated in prehistoric times. To the time around 4,500 BC. Band pottery finds can be dated to BC , which represent the first Neolithic culture in the Netherlands. The band ceramists lived in long houses and farmed in small cleared islands. The Neolithic grave of Stein (Dutch Grafkelder van Stein) is a grave of the Seine-Oise-Marne-Kultur (SOM) which after its discovery was built over in its entirety by the Museum of Archeology in stone and forms the middle section of an exhibition.

Antiquity

Before the conquest by Roman legions, the Eburones, a Germanic tribe, lived in this area, some of which the Romans assimilated. Around the time of the Roman occupation, shipping on the Meuse, the so-called Maasvaart , began, which until the Middle Ages had the importance that the so-called Rhine rail is today . It was very important for the further development of the local centers Elsloo and Urmond. The Romans had to leave the region around 450 AD; they left a fertile (and conveniently located) cultural landscape behind the Franconia that followed soon after .

middle Ages

Towards the end of the ninth century AD, the Normans attacked parts of Europe. They devastated large areas. A Norman army camp is said to have been located near the district of Elsloo , from which the marauding gangs made forays into the surrounding area. When King Charlemagne , King of Eastern Franconia , besieged the army camp, the Normans withdrew towards Friesland.

In the course of increasing territorial fragmentation, the main districts of Elsloo, Stein and Urmond sometimes developed differently and sometimes belonged to different territories or domains. Thus Elsloo developed into an imperial direct glory (rule), which was later divided between two brothers, one of whom remained Lord von Elsloo, the other as the founder of the von Stein family. The glory of Stein continued to belong to the imperial glory of Elsloo, so it was part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , only in the 18th century the rule was ceded to Emperor Franz Josef II of Austria, i.e. to the House of Habsburg, and from then on belonged to it the Habsburg (later Spanish) Netherlands. Urmond originally belonged to the Holy Roman Empire. However, the place, whose name goes back to an early medieval fortification ( Overmunthe ), was not an independent rulership, but, apart from brief interludes, belonged to the possessions of the Archdiocese of Cologne . Later the Archbishop of Cologne ceded the area to the Dukes of Geldern.

Modern times

The 17th century was a time of war and suffering for the region. Poverty and disease were common. Epidemics (e.g. cholera ). Due to poverty, crime was also widespread. The famous band of robbers of the buck riders ( Bokkenrijders ) operated in this area.

Due to the different territorial affiliations, the town centers of today's municipality of Stein did not develop uniformly. This applies at least to the period up to the decline of the Ancien Régime towards the end of the 18th century and the subsequent French occupation (" French period "). The rule of the French led to far-reaching and significant changes and innovations. Thus, under French rule, the municipalities of Stein, Urmond and Elsloo, which were independent until 1982, were established. These were only merged on January 1, 1982 to form today's Stein municipality.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the parish of Stein shows Saint Martin , the patron saint of the oldest documented parishes in both Stein and Urmond. The administrators of Urmond in the Born office under the archbishops of Cologne and the dukes of Geldern and Jülich, who followed as landlords, had been using a stamp seal with Saint Martin as an equestrian figure since 1673 at the latest. From this, today's seal or coat of arms of the municipality of Stein emerged, which was awarded to the municipality on the occasion of the merger by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.

politics

Distribution of seats in the municipal council

Local elections 2018
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
33.2
28.9
11.8
10.0
7.2
4.8
4.2
n. k.
DOS
CMB
SB
PER
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+2.8
+5.4
-2.8
-2.8
+0.7
+4.8
-1.0
-7.2
DOS
CMB
SB
PER

The municipal council has been formed as follows since 1981:

Political party Seats
1981 a 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018
Democratic Onafhankelijken Stein b - - - 6th 8th 6th 5 6th 7th 8th
Communiceren Met Burgers - - - - - - 4th 5 5 6th
CDA 11 10 7th 5 4th 5 5 5 3 2
Stein concern - - - - - - - - 3 2
VVD 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Progressive stone - - - - - - - - - 1
PvdA 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 1
D66 - 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 -
Stein's Politiek Verbond c - - 5 4th 5 5 3 - - -
Center Democrats - - - 0 - - - - - -
Democracy in Maasland d 4th 4th 3 - - - - - - -
Partij voor Gemeenschappelijk Belang 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Doorbraak Elsloo Stone Urmond - 1 - - - - - - - -
City party 2 - - - - - - - - -
Community concerns 0 - - - - - - - - -
Kring Progressief Maasland '81 0 - - - - - - - - -
Lijst Lemmens 0 - - - - - - - - -
total 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st 21st
Remarks
a Due to the incorporation of Elsloo en Urmond and Nattenhoven (the latter part of the municipality Obbicht en Papenhoven at the time) to Stein on January 1, 1982, the municipal council elections took place in 1981.
b The Democratisch Onafhankelijken Stein emerged from the merger of the Democratie in Maasland party and the Partij voor Gemeenschappelijk Belang.
cStein's Politiek Verbond was absorbed into the local CDA parliamentary group in the 2010 municipal council election .
d In the local elections in 1981, the Democrat party in Maasland ran as "Lijst Meijers".

College of Mayors and Aldermen

In the 2018–2022 legislative period, a coalition consists of the parties CDA , Democratisch Onafhankelijken Stein, Steins Belang and VVD . DOS provides three councilors to the college , CDA and SB each contribute one and the VVD are not represented. The following people belong to the college:

function Surname Political party annotation
Mayoress Marion Leurs-Mordang PvdA in office since September 26, 2013
Alderman Danny Hendrix Democratic Onafhankelijken Stein first deputy mayor
Hub Janssen CDA second deputy mayor
Gina van Mulken-van Lingen Stein concern third deputy mayoress
Natascha Wingelaar Democratic Onafhankelijken Stein fourth deputy mayor
Joep Ummels Democratic Onafhankelijken Stein fifth deputy to the mayoress
Community Secretary Jeroen Sanders - in office since January 2017

Daughters and sons of the church

Web links

Commons : Stein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand . In: StatLine . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek (Dutch)
  2. ↑ cf. http://www.dsm.com/en_US/html/home/dsm_home.cgi
  3. ↑ cf. u. a. City archive Aachen , inventory OB, various files of the mayor's office from the years 1919–1925
  4. ↑ Pieter JR Modderman , Linear Ceramics from Elsloo and Stein. 's-Gravenhage, Staatsuitgeverij, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 3, 1970
  5. ↑ cf. Website of the municipality of Stein
  6. ↑ cf. Website of the municipality of Stein (archive)
  7. ↑ Result of the local elections: 2014 2018 , accessed on August 29, 2018 (Dutch)
  8. ↑ Allocation of seats in the municipal council: 1981–2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 , accessed on August 29, 2018 (Dutch)
  9. ↑ Coalitieakkoord 2018–2022 Gemeente Stein, accessed on August 29, 2018 (Dutch)
  10. ^ College van Burgemeester en Wethouders Gemeente Stein, accessed on August 29, 2018 (Dutch)