Inland port
An inland port is a port inside a land mass on an inland waterway or lake . It is mainly used by inland vessels , but depending on its length, width and draft , it can also be called at and used by coasters and smaller ocean-going vessels .
Port types
Inland ports, like ports in general, can be distinguished according to their purpose:
- Commercial port for the handling of goods ( shipping )
- Oil and chemical port
- General cargo port
- Container port
- Bulk port
- Fishing port
- Floating jetty for passenger and passenger ships
- Ferry port - for car ferries or rail ferries, often mixed
- Naval base , water police
- Leisure harbor , marina - for pleasure boats
- Construction harbor - to maintain the waterways
- Shipyard , dock
- Emergency or shelter - where ships can get to safety from storms or ice drifts
- Home port - where a ship is registered
A distinction is also made according to operator:
- Public ports are operated by local authorities or federal states .
- Private ports are operated by private individuals or companies. If private ports are operated by industrial companies, they are also called factory ports.
location
Inland ports are located on navigable waters inside a land mass. These can be inland waterways, i.e. larger rivers and canals, or inland lakes. In addition, the location of an inland port mostly results from its intended use.
Commercial ports
Commercial ports are mostly located
- at logistically favorable locations such as crossings of traffic routes
- in the vicinity of large consumers, such as cities or industrial companies
- in the vicinity of producers, thus also of raw material deposits.
Canals are built especially for commercial ports in order to open up areas without connection to the waterway network by shipping in the future.
Factory ports
Factory ports are usually located on the premises of an industrial company or in its immediate vicinity. They are used to supply raw materials or to ship products.
Infrastructure
Inland ports generally provide places for ships to moor. It consists in particular of docks as well as quays and jetties. Usually there is also a connection to the public road network. In addition, the infrastructure depends on the type of port in question.
Commercial ports
Commercial ports provide ships with the infrastructure to handle, store and forward their freight. A distinction is usually made according to the type of goods.
- Liquid and gaseous goods, generally called fluids , are handled using pipes and pumps.
- If they are free-flowing, bulk goods are handled with pneumatic conveying . Otherwise they can also be handled with excavators, shovels, grabs or conveyor belts.
- General cargo is mostly handled with cranes. Specialized container cranes are used for containers as a special standardized form of piece goods .
Commercial ports are usually connected to other traffic routes such as road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and pipeline networks for the onward transport of goods . If the goods are not transferred directly to another means of transport, they can be temporarily stored in the port. Depending on the type of goods, this happens in tank farms , silos or warehouses , also known as storage facilities, or in the case of goods that are not sensitive to the weather, such as containers, outdoors.
financing
Ports charge mooring fees, see Demurrage and, if applicable, fees for other services. In Germany, the regulation on loading and unloading times and demurrage in inland shipping (BinSchLV) applies to the remuneration .
Important inland ports
Germany
The Duisburg-Ruhrorter ports are considered the largest European inland port. It also functions as a seaport through regular connections with European sea and inland ports by means of river-going seagoing vessels . More than 53 million tonnes of goods were handled by ship in 2016, including private factory ports. Some distance behind, the next largest German inland ports are the Cologne ports (15.6 million). Total throughput including rail and road traffic in 2016 was 133.1 million tons.
In comparison, the inland waterway traffic in the German seaports was 12.2 million tons in the Port of Hamburg and 5.9 million in the ports of Bremen / Bremerhaven (both in 2008).
Inland ports in Germany (in brackets the waterside cargo handling in millions of tons):
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Switzerland
Austria
France
- Paris ( Gennevilliers , 2004: 19.6 million t)
- Strasbourg (2003: 8.2 million t)
- Lille
Netherlands
Belgium
- Port of Antwerp (84.3 million t inland traffic, 2006)
- Port of Brussels (7.5 million t, 2005)
- Port of Charleroi (2.7 million t, 2006)
- Port of Ghent (18.4 million t inland traffic, 2006)
- Port of La Louvière (5 million t, 2006)
- Port of Liège (15.4 million t, 2010, waterside)
- Port of Namur (3.5 million t, 2003)
Asia
China
The largest inland ports in China are on the Yangtze .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ordinance on loading and unloading times and demurrage in inland shipping
- ↑ All data on the Duisburg ports in 2016
- ↑ Goods handling in the "bayernhafen" Aschaffenburg has decreased. May 7, 2019, accessed May 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Hamburg Metropolitan Region - Süderelbe AG ( Memento from July 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Port on the road to success www.volksstimme.de February 8, 2015
- ^ Port of Vienna: Significant increase in sales after the economic crisis. (PDF; 171 kB) In: Media Information. Wien Holding , Port of Vienna , June 28, 2011, archived from the original on August 4, 2014 ; Retrieved September 4, 2011 .
- ↑ chinaports.com: 2015-03 全国 货物 、 集装箱 、 旅客 吞吐量 统计 ( Memento from May 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )