shipping

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Shipping refers to the transport of goods or freight (e.g. raw materials, mineral resources, products of heavy industry, other goods and bulk goods and especially in containers ) by ship on waterways suitable for transport (rivers, canals), lakes, seas and oceans. The transport of people is only referred to as shipping if it is carried out on a political or economic basis, for example the transport of an army or slaves.

The shipping of raw materials, mineral resources and products from heavy industry is often a significantly more cost-effective alternative to land transport (rail, truck, heavy-duty transporter), provided that the geographic conditions exist.

For some types of cargo , loading onto the cargo ship must take place at special shipping facilities that can be part of a port . The ship used is also often adapted to the goods to be transported ( RoRo ship , tanker ). On land, the shipping facility must be equipped with an infrastructure adapted to the freight (siding, road, lorry, conveyor belt or vibrating conveyor trough for bulk goods, pipeline, loading gear, container terminal, etc.).

A waybill accompanies the transported freight and regulates acceptance, transport and handover . The handover of the goods to be shipped from the shipper to the carrier (carrier) is acknowledged with a bill of lading . Trading with bills of lading as traditional paper (security) is possible.

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