Brake (Lower Weser)
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Coordinates: 53 ° 20 ' N , 8 ° 29' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Wesermarsch | |
| Height : | 3 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 38.18 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 14,860 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 389 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 26919 | |
| Area code : | 04401 | |
| License plate : | BRA | |
| Community key : | 03 4 61 002 | |
| City structure: | 11 districts | |
City administration address : |
Schrabberdeich 1 26919 Brake (Unterweser) |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Michael Kurz ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the city of Brake (Unterweser) in the Wesermarsch district | ||
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Brake (Unterweser) ( Low German Braak ) is the district town of the Wesermarsch district in Lower Saxony . The city belongs to the Oldenburger Land and since 2005 to the European metropolitan region Northwest .
geography
Geographical location
Brake is located in the center of the city quadrilateral Bremerhaven , Bremen , Oldenburg and Wilhelmshaven directly on the west bank of the deep Lower Weser . Brake borders the municipality of Stadland to the north, the city of Elsfleth to the south and the municipality of Ovelgönne to the west . The city is surrounded by flat marshland , which is mainly used as grassland .
City structure
The Brake urban area around the core city ( Lockfleth ) is divided into eleven districts, which are distributed as follows:
- Schmalenfleth (in the north)
- Boitwarden , Klippkanne (north of the city center; west of the seaport)
- Harrien (as a historical center)
- Harrierwurp, Hammelwarder Außenendeich, Norderfeld and Süderfeld (in the west, agricultural)
- Kirchhammelwarden ( Hammelwarden ) and Käseburg (in the south)
history
middle Ages
The first fishermen and farmers who settled sporadically on the Wurten on the Weser near Brake were added around 1100 when the Archbishop of Bremen called colonists into the country who made history as Stedinger . They built the first continuous dikes from the mouth of the Hunt to Golzwarden. The villages of Harrien and Hammelwarden emerged. From 1164 to 1511, four major storm surges flooded the area, destroying the Stedinger dykes and killing thousands of people.
Brake was first mentioned on May 25 or 30, 1384 in a document as Brake to Harghen (Harrien) . It was mentioned because of a large, irreversible dike breach ( Brack ), which was near the settlement of Harrien.
There were large island landscapes between the newly created Jade Bay (1164, 1334 and 1362) and the Weser. A tributary of the Weser had formed north of Elsfleth , which met at Käseburg with another breakthrough and northwest of Harrien met the Lockfleth . The southern part of this arm of the Weser was called the Balgegraben , the northern Rönnel . From 1512 the islands were diked by the Oldenburg County ; first the Rönnel, then followed in 1526 by the sections at Lockfleth and Hammelwarden. By 1531 these dyke constructions were largely completed. The first settlements of Braksiel , today's Brake , arose on the three diked islands .
17th to 19th century
After 1624, Count Anton Günther from Oldenburg planned a port, but it has not yet been built. A customs station for the Weser ships was created to the chagrin of the Bremen residents; but she too was transferred to Elsfleth soon afterwards . By the silting up of the river Weser Brake was but then hub for larger overseas ships its goods to smaller here Easy had to reload. The barges then drove to Bremen to finally unload the goods on the Schlachte . Packhouses emerged. Until well into the 18th century, the ships docked on the south bank of the Braker outer low. Around 1787 Duckdalben were rammed into the open stream near today's quay , where the growing sailors could moor. Brake blossomed. The continental barrier in the Napoleonic period from 1806 to 1814 only briefly interrupted this positive development.
From the 17th century Brake was used as a name for a place of residence: Braksiel and Harrierbrake. The fisherman's house was built in 1731 on what is now Mitteldeichstrasse, and it is the oldest surviving building in Brake. Brakes were first mentioned as a port in 1756 . From 1814 Brake formed its own municipality , and the Brake Office was created .
In the 19th century, however, Brake developed into an important location for shipping. From 1817 to 1833 Brake was called by the steamship Die Weser in regular service.
On February 4, 1825, a storm surge devastated the city. The reconstruction was completed around 1830. Over 500 Bremen ships were reloaded in Brake in these five years. This upswing ended when Bremerhaven was re-established in 1827.
In 1835 Brake was declared a free port and in 1842 a transshipment point for cattle exports to England. After 1850, the newly founded North German Lloyd relocated the transhipment site to Nordenham . The Bremen – Bremerhaven optical telegraph line for the transmission of ship messages was conducted via Brake in 1846. From 1848 to 1852 Brake was the home port of the German imperial fleet . After the failure of the revolution and the establishment of the old Bundestag, it was decided on April 2, 1852 to dissolve the imperial fleet.
On May 1, 1856 Brake received the city charter 2nd class. In addition to the city of Brake, the current districts of Golzwarden and Hammelwarden with Fünfhausen-Süd, Kirchdorf (Kirchhammelwarden), Käseburg and the villages on the Hammelwardermoor as well as most of the Weser islands existed as independent communities.
In 1861 the Braker inland port was completed . Around 600 ships called at Brake a year. Without a connection to the new, faster means of transport, the railroad , this number then decreased considerably, so in 1873 it was connected to the railroad network. The pier system was built in 1892 and the Admiral Brommy barracks in 1936, which existed until 1997 when the navy separated from various locations. The area that was freed up was then used to expand the port.
The more recent times
The shipping museum of the Oldenburg Lower Weser in Brake was inaugurated in 1960 in the "Telegraphen". In 1985 the museum was expanded to include the “Borgstede and Becker House”. Here the permanent exhibition was reopened in 2007 after a year and a half of renovation. In 2008, a third building was added in Elsfleth, the “Villa Steenken”. The final opening of this museum building took place in 2010. Since 2009 the shipping museum has been called "Schiffahrtsmuseum Unterweser".
In 1972 the culture and sports center was built with a public swimming pool and large sports hall. In 1974 construction began on the district vocational school center.
Historical press
From 1856 to 1939 Brake owned several independent newspapers.
In 1856 the Braker Wochenblatt became. Intelligence sheet for Stad- und Butjadingerland u. Office Elsfleth founded. It was published in Braker Anzeiger and Wochenblatt in 1858 for the district of Ovelgönne u. Amt Elsfleth was renamed and was called Braker Anzeiger from 1865 to 1867 .
In 1867 the Braker Anzeiger was renamed Der Weserbote , which had changing subtitles until the last edition of the paper on March 24, 1939. The newspaper's political orientation was independent until 1900, after which it was nationally German . Like its predecessors, the newspaper was printed by the Lehmann company in Brake. The editions from 1858 to 1938 are archived in the Oldenburg State Library .
The Braker Zeitung existed from November 1875 to June 1881 and was printed in Brake by W. Auffurth, who was apparently also its editor-in-chief. The political orientation was national liberal . The issues from 1876 to 1881 are in the Oldenburg State Library, the first issue in the International Newspaper Museum of the City of Aachen .
From 1920 to 1925, exact dates are not known, the USPD , then the SPD in Brake published the Volkszeitung for the Stad- und Butjadingerland , which was printed in Wilhelmshaven and was initially a parallel edition of the Ostfriesische Volks-Zeitung in Emden . Some editions have been preserved in the Oldenburg State Library.
In 1945, a bulletin of the American occupation forces , The Larkspur Leader , appeared at short notice . 110th Field Artillery Battalion issued by the battalion 's Special Service .
Incorporations
On March 1, 1974, a part of the neighboring municipality of Ovelgönne (district Golzwarden) with then more than 1000 inhabitants was incorporated.
Outsourcing
On March 1, 1974, the areas of the city to the right of the Weser were ceded to the community of Schwanewede ( Osterholz district ).
Population development
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(as of December 31st)
politics
City council
The city council, which is elected for five years , has consisted of 30 council members since 2016. The new term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021. The full-time mayor is also entitled to vote in the city council.
The last local election took place on September 11, 2016. The SPD received 35.9% and 11 seats. The CDU received 28.4% and thus 8 seats. The Brake voter community received 12.2% of the vote and got 4 seats. The Greens received 10.4% of the vote and 3 seats. The FDP received 5.9% and 2 seats. The Left received a seat with 3.6%. The single applicant Ising managed to get into the city council with 2.9%.
mayor
At the last mayoral election on June 15, 2014 Michael won Kurz (SPD) in a runoff against Gérad Rünzi (independent) mayor. Kurz received 51.61% of the vote, his opponent Rünzi 48.4%. The turnout was 43.25%. He replaced Brakes previous mayor Roland Schiefke (independent), who was elected on September 24, 2006 in a runoff election against Klaus Busch (SPD). Kurz took office on November 1, 2014.
coat of arms
The city's coat of arms consists of three parts. The upper left half of the coat of arms shows half an imperial eagle as belonging to Friesland. Emperor Barbarossa allowed the Frisians to use the eagle in their coat of arms because they had previously supported him on military campaigns. The upper right half of the coat of arms shows the yellow fields with the red bars of the county of Oldenburg and the blue fields with the yellow crosses of the county of Delmenhorst . The lower half shows a sailing ship for the importance of Brakes as an important port city on the Lower Weser. The coat of arms was awarded to the city by the Grand Duke of Oldenburg on July 3, 1911. Before that, the city had no coat of arms.
Town twinning
Since May 5, 2006 there has been a town partnership with the town of Zwiesel in the Bavarian Forest .
Attractions
Brakes landmark is the 1846 under the Oldenburg Grand Duke Paul Friedrich August erected Telegraph . The tower-like brick building was realized by Otto Lasius and was part of an optical telegraph line set up between Bremen and Bremerhaven . The building has housed the Maritime Museum of the Oldenburg Lower Weser since 1960 . Using numerous exhibits, such as ship portraits and models, figureheads , nautical charts , nautical instruments and souvenirs, the shipping history of the Lower Weser region of Oldenburg is documented on a total of seven floors . Parts of the wreckage of the Pamir are a reminder of its sinking .
The second part of the Maritime Museum's collection has been housed in a merchant's and shipowner's house from 1808 in the immediate vicinity of the telegraph since 1985. It consists of a complete ship chandler shop from around 1900, a sailmaker's workshop , a historic shipping company and the living room of Admiral Karl Rudolf Brommy , the commander of the first German fleet .
The historic village churches in the Golzwarden and Kirchhammelwarden districts are also worth seeing. The Golzwarder Church houses an organ made by the well-known organ builder Arp Schnitger . The tower of the Catholic Church of St. Mary in the city center is a globally unique eye-catcher: an anchor that can be seen from afar is placed on the tower roof.
In 1990 the waiting , a free sculpture on the quay made of sandstone by the artist Norbert Marten .
The Kirchhammelwarden water tower is a landmark of the Kirchhammelwarden district .
Economy and Infrastructure
The location of Brakes on the deep waters of the Lower Weser was decisive for the historical development of the city and the competitiveness of its port .
The port serves as a transshipment point for the traditional bulk goods grain , fodder and fertilizer, sulfur as well as the bulk cargo wood, paper, iron and steel. In addition, the handling of project cargo, general cargo and heavy cargo as well as containers is becoming increasingly important and forms a further focus.
Today the Brak port can be called by ships with a draft of 11.9 m and a load capacity of up to 45,000 dwt. In the tide- independent " inland port " (dock port), LASH barges, Kümos and inland vessels for European traffic are handled. Extensive transports over the Weser or over the Hunte and the coastal canal to and from Brake are carried out regularly by inland waterway .
In 2003 around 5.27 million tons of goods were handled by sea. Together with inland waterway transport, the throughput amounted to 6.28 million t. In 2009, due to the effects of the economic crisis, only 4,676,593 t were handled in maritime transport, which is 19% less than in the previous year. In domestic traffic, throughput fell by as much as 42%. A recovery was felt in 2010: the handling volume rose by 11% to 5.19 million t. The result in 2011 was 5.34 million t for maritime traffic, 3.1% above the previous year. In 2012, around 6.1 million tonnes of goods were handled in maritime transport, 15% more. The volume of sea freight handled in 2013 was 5.7 million t, 8% lower than in the previous year; in 2014 it rose again by eleven percent to 6.27 million t, 3.4 million t of which in the agricultural sector (mainly import of grain and animal feed). In 2015, at 6.72 million t, 7.2% more goods were handled in maritime transport than in the previous year (of which 1.84 million t of general cargo); in domestic transport, the throughput rose from 1.14 million t to 1.33 million. t. In 2016, sea freight throughput fell by five percent to 6.36 million t, while general cargo throughput rose by six percent to 1.95 million t. In 2017, the volume of sea freight throughput fell, this time by eleven percent, to 5.66 million t, and general cargo throughput even fell by 17% to 1.63 million t.
In 2004, the previously freely accessible seaport was completely fenced in as part of the implementation of the ISPS agreements. Nordstrasse was withdrawn from public traffic and, like the site of the former naval school, was added to the port area. Since then, only authorized persons have had access to the port area.
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From 2007 the port was expanded to the north. By spring 2012, two berths for larger ocean-going vessels (Panmax class) were created on the new 450-meter-long "Niedersachsenkai" and an extension with track systems, warehouses and more. The infrastructure for the increasing offshore supply traffic in the North Sea is increasingly being offered here.
Important industrial companies and employers are a branch of the REHAU Group , the port company J. Müller, the medium-sized handicraft company Barghorn, the forwarding company L. I. T. and the oil refinery Olenex Edible Oils (formerly Wilmar Edible Oils, formerly Unilever). The SIBELCO mineral grinding plant (formerly: North Cape Minerals and Mandt & Co) is located in the inland port. A biorefinery interested in building in early 2007 withdrew its plans.
Brake is a medium-sized center and, as the district town of the Wesermarsch district, the seat of numerous authorities.
For around 50,000 residents in the catchment area (out of a total of over 90,000 residents in the Wesermarsch district ), Brake fulfills various supply functions in the areas of trade, healthcare , social affairs and culture.
Educational institutions
Elementary schools
- Eichendorffschule Brake, Catholic elementary school
- Boitwarden Primary School
- Theodor Dirks Primary School Golzwarden
- Harrien Elementary School
- Kirchhammelwarden primary school
Secondary schools in Brake
- Integrated comprehensive school (IGS); until 2013 Haupt- und Realschule (HRS) Brake
- Brake high school
Vocational schools for the Wesermarsch district
- Vocational high schools for economics, health / social affairs, technology
- Technical colleges, business
- Specialized schools for social education, curative education
- Vocational schools for geriatric care, care assistance, social assistance, social pedagogy, economy, wood technology, construction technology, agriculture, metal technology, electrical engineering, housekeeping and care, gastronomy, hairdressing technology
- Entry-level class
- Vocational preparation year
- Vocational school for various professions
Special schools
- Pestalozzi School in Brake
- State-approved day-care center of Lebenshilfe Wesermarsch for people with disabilities e. V.
Other schools
- Regional adult education center Wesermarsch
- VHS Brake
- Music School Wesermarsch
Sports
For sporting purposes u. a. an indoor swimming pool, a stadium with athletics facilities, a pure football stadium with artificial turf, tennis courts, an indoor tennis center, two large sports halls and an ice stock rink are available.
Brake was the venue for the German basketball championship in 2008 . The SV Brake had also qualified to participate in the German championships and won 3rd place.
The first football stadium with an artificial turf pitch in Germany was built on Bahnhofstrasse in the 1970s. In the summer of 2014 the course was rebuilt and has a fifth generation of artificial turf. In the stadium on Bahnhofstrasse, the performance teams of the football department of the SV Brake play , in the stadium at the culture and sports center, the popular sports teams and the lower youth teams play.
Public facilities
fire Department
In the city of Brake there is the Hafenstrasse volunteer fire brigade on Heinestrasse (Hafenstrasse because it was founded in Hafenstrasse in 1862 and served in the fire station there until 1997). There is also the Hammelwarden base fire brigade in the south of the city.
The reason for the fire brigades in the city area is due to the high fire load emanating from the port. The voluntary fire brigade Hammelwarden has officially existed for more than 75 years, but there was already a fire extinguishing system in Hammelwarden 125 years ago.
Healthcare
With the St. Bernhard Hospital, Brake owns a church-sponsored hospital that has 110 beds. At the end of 2009 it was expanded to include a medical center. It also has a nurses' home, which was also completed at the end of 2009.
There are also various medical practices in the city and the Wesermarsch Mitte health center in the Hammelwarden district. In addition to a pharmacy, various specialist practices are located here. The concept of the health center corresponds to the “medical center of short distances”.
marine
For a long time Brake was an important location for the training of seafarers in the Navy. In the Admiral Brommy barracks, built in 1936, sailors and NCOs were prepared for technical service on board. After the establishment of the Bundeswehr, the basic training for conscripts in the technical application series of the Navy MD 41 (steam technology), MM 42 (drive technology), ME 43 (electrical engineering) and 44 (ship operating technology) was carried out here.
In 1997, the entire teaching company moved to the newly built Parow Marine Technology School , which since then has encompassed all technical training units in the Navy except for ship safety technology (Neustadt in Holstein) and the Naval Operations School (Bremerhaven). The buildings of the Admiral-Brommy-Kaserne were demolished in the year 2000 and the area was included in the seaport area. Only the houses for officers and NCOs located directly in front of the barracks gate, other houses in Brommystrasse and the former officers' mess on Friedensplatz remained. The former casino is used by the Diakonisches Werk Oldenburg as a dormitory for the reintegration of addicts into society.
traffic
Rail transport
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The city of Brake is located on the Hude – Nordenham line of the Deutsche Bahn . Brake was also the end point of the line from Oldenburg until the line was closed . In addition, Brake had over the adjacent Rodenkirchen following the railway line Varel-Rodenkirchen to Varel . The historic and listed Braker station building from 1900 is threatened with demolition after 18 years of vacancy and neglect by the owner Deutsche Bahn.
Brake has been part of the regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony network since mid-December 2010 .
Since December 14, 2014, the trains have been stopping next to Brake station in Kirchhammelwarden again after this stop was reactivated. The Lower Saxony regional transport company has approved the reactivation. In spring 2012, the Brak city council decided on the necessary planning for the platform , parking lots and bicycle shed. The Golzwarden station has been out of service since the 1980s and continues to do so.
Public transport
In 1998 the Weser Sprinter, the VBN line 440, was introduced from Bremerhaven or Blexen via Brake to Oldenburg. Initially, as the Weser Tunnel was under construction, the bus line used the ferry from Bremerhaven to Blexen.
Road traffic
Since January 2004, there has been a direct connection to the motorway network ( A 27 ) via the Weser tunnel north of Brake, which is only permitted for motorized traffic . The city is connected to Oldenburg via the federal road 211 and to Nordenham and Elsfleth via the federal road 212 .
With the planned construction of the A 22, Brake would have a more direct connection to the German motorway network. The construction of the A 22 is considered a done deal, but it is still unclear when construction will start.
A bypass of the adjacent residential areas is planned for 2011 with the construction of Bundesstraße 211 Neu . The planned route runs from the Weserstraße / B 212 intersection between Ovelgönne and the old route and connects back to the old road after Oldenbrok (Mittelort). The project was welcomed by the direct residents of Bundesstraße 211.
Ship and ferry traffic
Brake is connected to the opposite bank of the Weser by the Brake – Sandstedt fast ferry . There is a ferry connection to the Weser island Harriersand only for pedestrians and cyclists.
In the summer season (every day except Monday and Friday) the Oceana excursion ship operated by Halöver operates on the Unterweser between Bremen and Bremerhaven with a stop in Brake - one round trip each with a stop at the Braker Kaje .
Coasters and inland vessels for logistics traffic are handled in the inland port, which can be reached via a sea lock. In seaport Brake forest products, iron, steel, equipment, feed, and cereals are handled.
To look after the seamen in the ports of Elsfleth, Brake and Nordenham, the Deutsche Seemannsmission Unterweser eV operates the ecumenical seamen's club Pier One in Brake .
Bicycle paths in Brake
Brake is connected to the Deutsche Sielroute , the Weserradweg and the Unterweser cycle path .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Arp Schnitger (1648–1719), organ builder, born in Schmalenfleth , today a part of Brake
- Hermann Gerhard Müller (1803–1881), mayor from 1856 to 1881 and member of the Reichstag
- Karl Diedrich Adolf Groß (1833–1905), entrepreneur, shipowner, politician and President of the Oldenburg State Parliament
- Georg Seebeck (1845–1928), shipyard owner, born in Brake-Hammelwarden, buried in Brake
- Emil Pleitner (1863–1925), senior seminar teacher, journalist, historian, writer, poet and translator, born in Brake
- Johannes Müller (1864–1932), entrepreneur and politician (DFP, DVP), member of the state parliament
- Wilhelm Morisse (1870–1936), painter and restorer
- Georg von der Vring (1889–1968), writer and painter, honorary citizen of the city of Brake
- Heinz Lampe (1896–1951), politician ( NSDAP ) and SA leader
- Wilhelm Meendsen-Bohlken (1897–1985), German naval officer, vice admiral in World War II, ship commander
- Gerd Achgelis (1908–1991), German aerobatic pilot
- Johan Georg Claussen (1862–1913), German consul in Mazatlán , Mexico. In this city the Claussen Promenade , a beach promenade, is named after him
- Hans Hinrich Flöter (1910–2011), Reformed theologian and educator
- Hans Bunje (* 1923), writer, playwright and radio play author
- Wilfried Körtzinger (* 1933), artist, architect and art educator
- Enno Thümler (* 1937), politician (CDU)
- Beate Schmolke-Hasselmann (* 1946), author
- Lutz Ackermann (* 1945), journalist and radio and television presenter
- Niels Stolberg (* 1960), entrepreneur, founder and former managing partner of Beluga Shipping GmbH
- Heide Gluesing-Luerssen (* 1961), German mathematician and university professor; Professor at the University of Kentucky
- Burkhard Dick (* 1963), ophthalmologist and university professor
- Anne Groß (* 1963), President of the Hamburg Higher Administrative Court
- Björn Thümler (* 1970), politician (CDU)
- Thora Thyselius (1911–1991), Low German author
- Anke Erdmann (* 1972), politician (Bündnis90 / Die Grünen)
- Dimo Wache (* 1973), football player
Connected to Brake
- Karl Rudolf Bromme (1804–1860), called Brommy; Admiral of the first German fleet, died in St. Magnus near Bremen in 1860, buried in Brake-Kirchhammelwarden
- Eduard Scheve (1836–1909), founder of the Evangelical Free Church Diakonie and external mission, was for a time pastor in Brake
- Ludwig Schauenburg (1839–1909), pastor in Golzwarden from 1886 to 1909 , church historian
- Ernst Wempe (1881–1949), lawyer, from 1911 mayor of Brake, later mayor of Schwerin
- Paul Brodek (1884–1942), Member of the Oldenburg State Parliament , Councilor and Member of the City of Brake's Magistrate
- Karl Bunje (1897–1985), Low German author, lived in Brake after 1920, founded the Low German Stage in 1932 and directed it until 1935
- Ernst Albrecht (1930–2014), politician (CDU), graduated from high school in Brake
- Kurt Seibert (* 1944), pianist and chamber musician, lives in Brake.
- Helmut Debus (* 1949), Low German songwriter, grew up in Brake.
- Dragos Pancescu (* 1967), councilor, district member, member of the state parliament (GREEN), in Brake since 1998
literature
- City of Brake (Unterweser) (Ed.), City Director Otto Echl (Editor), Ludwig Schmidt (Photography) (1973): Brake. Seaport city on the Lower Weser . Gerhard Stalling - Publishing Group Local Policy + Economy, Oldenburg (Oldenburg).
- Albrecht Eckhardt, Wolfgang Günther, Friedrich-Wilhelm Schaer, Heinrich Schmidt, Friedrich-Wilhelm Winter (eds.): Brake. History of the seaport city on the Lower Weser . Oldenburg 1981
- Walter Barton: Bibliography of the Oldenburg press. Part I (The Newspapers) Section 2.2: The newspapers of the north Oldenburg districts of Friesland and Wesermarsch . (With 3 graphic representations). In: Oldenburger Jahrbuch , Volume 59, 1960, pp. 83–110, here pp. 98–104.
- Jürgen Meyer: Oldenburger Schiffahrtschronik, contributions to the maritime history of Brake and Elsfleth 1870–1930 . Isensee, Oldenburg 1996, ISBN 3-89598-314-4 .
- Gisela Hölscher, Kathrin Klug: Brake 1860–1945 . Edition Temmen , Bremen 1999, ISBN 978-3-86108-746-5 .
Web links
- Official website of the city of Brake (Unterweser)
- Historical newspapers of the Wesermarsch district in the online catalog of the Oldenburg State Library
- Fire in Braker Church: Arson possible on July 8, 2019 on ndr.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ G. Hölscher, K. Klug: Brake 1860-1945 . Edition Temmen, Bremen 1999, p. 11
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 276 .
- ↑ LSKN-Online
- ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on October 24, 2016
- ^ City of Brake - overall results of the city council election 2016 , accessed on October 24, 2016
- ^ City of Brake - results of the mayor's runoff election 2014 , accessed on November 3, 2014
- ^ The coat of arms of the city of Brake ( memento from April 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 3, 2012
- ^ Biography of Lasius, Ernst Friedrich Otto, in: Hans Friedl / Wolfgang Günther / Hilke Günther-Arndt / Heinrich Schmidt (eds.): Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte des Landes Oldenburg, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , p . 412–413 ( online ( memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Balance sheet of the German seaports 2009 . In: Hansa , Heft 4/2010, p. 85. Schiffahrts-Verlag Hansa, Hamburg 2010, ISSN 0017-7504
- ↑ Balance sheet of the German seaports 2010 . In: Hansa , Heft 4/2011, p. 62, Schiffahrts-Verlag Hansa, Hamburg 2011, ISSN 0017-7504
- ↑ Balance sheet of the German seaports 2011 . In: Hansa , Heft 4/2012, S. 78/79, Schiffahrts-Verlag Hansa, Hamburg 2012, ISSN 0017-7504
- ↑ Different development of the turnover figures, balance sheet 2012 . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 5/2013, pp. 16/17, Seehafen-Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISSN 0938-1643
- ↑ Peter Kleinort: Brazil slows cargo handling in Brake . In: Daily port report of February 26, 2014, p. 4, ISSN 2190-8753
- ↑ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Ports want to grow sustainably . In: Daily port report of February 17, 2015, p. 3
- ↑ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: J. Müller Group pushes for deepening of the Weser . In: Daily port report of March 17, 2015, p. 1/3
- ↑ Wolfhart Fabarius: Record handling at the Brake location . In: Daily port report from February 19, 2016, p. 4
- ^ Peter Kleinort: Economic reconstruction weighs on ports . In: Daily port report of February 28, 2017, p. 3
- ↑ German seaports report stable handling development . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2018, pp. 32–36, here p. 34
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from August 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Internet site of the Braker fire brigades
- ↑ http://www.nwzonline.de/brake/bahnhof-in-brake-droht-abriss_a_1,0,2198539817.html
- ^ Paul Homann: route networks of the BVV and VGB. (PDF; 3 MB) In: Official website of the Bremerhavenbus. P. 69; Bookmark 10/10/1998 , accessed May 24, 2020 .
- ↑ Website of the high-speed ferry Brake – Sandstedt
- ↑ Hal över - Experience Bremen: Bremerhaven. In: www.hal-oever.de. Retrieved April 4, 2016 .
- ↑ www.nports.de/haefen/brake
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