Schlachte (Bremen)

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Commercial buildings west of the Teerhof Bridge
Bremen around 1600 with Schlachte and Martini Church by Frans Hogenberg

The historic bank promenade on the Weser in Bremen's old town is called Schlachte . In the official sense, the Schlachte is a street running parallel to the bank, which begins at the corner of Erste Schlachtpforte (at St. Martini Church ) and ends about 660 meters further north-west at the Bremen Youth Hostel ( House of Youth ) at the corner of Kalkstraße . The Schlachte, originally Bremen's harbor square, has now been transformed into a gastronomic and beer garden mile.

The battles around 1862

Surname

The name Schlachte comes from slagt , that is, from driving in the piles on the banks, which were held in place with beams and braided fascines and provided for the bank reinforcement. The name comes from Low German and is used in a different form - for example in the more original Schlagde  - for similar bank areas throughout northern Germany. 1250, this area was first as Slait documented, later as slagte and as Slacht referred.

History of the port of slaughter

middle Ages

In 1247, the until then undeveloped shoreline in front of the city wall between Martinikirche and today's Second Battle Gate was settled by Bremen citizens, probably long-distance traders. In a privilege issued in 1250, the water mills were obliged to maintain this area, which was designated here for the first time as "slait", that is, fortified with piles driven in. From these and other facts, it is concluded that the port was established at this point in the middle of the 13th century, even if the bellows, which had been used for this purpose for a long time, was also available for a long time for the traffic of ships (albeit with a shallower draft) . At the same time, this phase of development meant the beginning of the separation of the market square and port area, as there were only a few stalls on the Schlachte itself. Ships with a carrying capacity of around 100 tons, such as the Bremen Hansekogge , were likely to have called at the slaughterhouse until the late Middle Ages. "So the Schlachte also had a seaport function."

Modern times

The view of the Schlachte in the woodcut from 1550/54 clearly shows a wooden quay fortification. A little later it was replaced by a stone bank wall, the walling of the city towards the bank was broken open more and more and in 1557 the Schlachte was legally added to the city area. Ten alleys later led from the city to the harbor square, counting down the river: the first battle gate, the Josephsgang, the Ulenstein, the second battle gate, the secret gate, the Ansgaritränk gate, the crane gate, the gloom gate, the Zingel and the last battle gate. They were manned by guards and locked at night.

Between 1600 and 1830 little changed in the appearance, organization and technical equipment of the Bremen slaughterhouse. Its extension had reached a length of 450 m and extended from the Martini church almost to the granary . On the town side, it was bordered by a row of mostly gable merchant houses, interrupted only by the battle gates . Here were also the apartments of the port officials and a number of bars, the operation of which gave rise to constant disputes.

On the paved area, which was also used as a warehouse (allegedly since 1646), there were still the grain knife booth , scales, the stalls for fish and pottery, several well houses with hand pumps and above all the wuppers and the large pedal crane.

Official ax of the Bremen battle bailiff, with which he cut the ropes of illegally moored ships. 18th century, Focke-Museum Bremen

The administrative supervision of the port operations was the responsibility of two councilors , the so-called slaughterhouses , the day-to-day management duties on site to the slaughterhouse and the bookkeeping to the slaughter clerk . Slaughter guards checked the slaughter gates and were supposed to prevent theft of stored goods. Küper , packers, grain knives, crane and rocker masters, barrel and sack carriers ("maskop carriers"), cart pushers and carters took care of the practical handling of goods. The space available for ships on the quay wall was limited; the vehicles were mostly in several rows next to each other on the quay; Attempts were made to intervene regulatingly by means of repeatedly renewed official battle regulations , the fees for the port services were set in battle roles.

Aside from the “Große Schlachte” upstream, above the Weser Bridge (first mentioned in 1244) there was still the “Kleine Schlachte” of the inland vessels with access from the Stavendamm.

19th century

An increase in freight traffic in the first half of the 19th century led to a slight lengthening of the Schlachte, but it was only the railway that forced a fundamental restructuring of the Bremen port system. In 1860, the Weserbahnhof on Stephanikirchenweide started operations and connected the banks of the Bremen Weser with the rapidly growing German railway network, to which Bremerhaven was also connected in 1862 . From 1884, at the same time as the Weser correction was made, a number of large harbor basins , again suitable for seagoing vessels, were built on the western outskirts behind the Weserbahnhof . The Schlachte had had its day as a sea-oriented transshipment point.

The redesign in the 20th / 21st century

View from the Teerhof to the Schlachte (2014). The Teerhof Bridge on the left.

After the buildings along the Schlachte had been used mainly as trading offices and warehouses for decades and street life was correspondingly low despite the attractive location on the Weser, it was subject to a comprehensive renovation process from the end of the 20th century. After an initial rededication to a pedestrian zone in 1985, large parts of the building were redesigned between 1993 and 2000 as part of the “City on the River” Expo project.

The lower level of the Schlachte, including the paths downstream and upstream in the extension of the Schlachte in the Altstadt district , has been prepared as a promenade since the rubble was removed after the war and the new Weser bridges were built. There you can walk on two levels over a distance of two kilometers on the riverside path and road along the Weser.

The upstream section from the corner of the Erste Schlachtpforte to the Bürgermeister-Smidt-Brücke has been redesigned into a promenade with historical flair. Restaurants, bars and pubs with around 2,000 seats in the open air on the ground floor were set up in the buildings, which were formerly mostly used as warehouses , and young companies such as media designers and advertising companies settled above them. The connection to the city center was improved by redesigning the passageways between Obernstraße , Martinistraße and Schlachte.

Modernized jetties on the Weser now offer space for several ships, including the Friedrich , the Alexander von Humboldt and the Roland von Bremen , a replica of a Hanse cog from the 14th century.

The Schlachte was connected to the opposite Teerhof by a pedestrian and cycle path bridge built in 1993 - the so-called Teerhof Bridge  . The Teerhof Bridge is the result of an architectural competition, the design comes from the Bremen architect Dieter Quiram .

In a short time the Schlachte developed into an entertainment mile, to which from 2004 the part of the "historic" Christmas market previously reserved for the nearby market square was expanded. The loss of customers, initially feared mainly by some market operators based in the marketplace, turned out to be unfounded.

In 2007/2008 the western part of the Schlachte was also redesigned. The urban development measures concerned the remaining part of the upper level of the Schlachte, the section downstream from the city center between the Bürgermeister-Smidt-Brücke and the corner of Diepenau . After the urban development measures in the Stephaniviertel and above all because of the establishment of Radio Bremen on this part of the Schlachte, the previously existing urban development gap has been closed. The work was completed in February 2008.

Today's structure

The western third of the battles
The eastern third of the Schlachte with the St. Martini Church
Youth hostel on Kalkstrasse / the corner of Schlachte

The Schlachte today consists of two main levels: the lower one consists of the landing stages for the ships and a paved lower promenade. Behind it rises the four-meter-high former quay wall. The Weser reached this point until after the Second World War, and the unhistorical distance between the wall and the river was not created until later. The upper level with another promenade is roughly level with the rest of the city center. There, in place of the old stacking area, there are open-air seats used for gastronomy purposes. Behind it runs the street, which is mostly reserved for pedestrians, the actual "Schlachte", opposite are mainly catering facilities. The open-air operation of the restaurants is limited to the time until midnight to protect the residents.

Buildings and facilities

Entrance portal of the Bachmann House on the Schlachte
Facade of the Pflügerchen house, today on the market

Today's buildings

  • Schlachte 3 to 5: The red stone-faced, conservative commercial building with its three gables was built in 1949/51 according to plans by Arthur Bothe for the Golluecke und Rothfos company.
  • Schlachte 15 to 18: Headquarters of the trading company JH Bachmann , was built in 1913 according to plans by Richard Bielenberg and Josef Moser. The six-storey, brick-facing office building with its three tail gables burned down in 1944 and was rebuilt in 1948. Today it houses DSV Air & Sea GmbH. and the Danish Honorary Consulate.
  • Schlachte 23–26 (also Langenstrasse 38/42): The office buildings in opulent decoration style with baroque and renaissance shapes used to be the seat of the rice exchange and the Argo shipping company . They were built in 1904/05 according to plans by Johann Georg Poppe . The conversions from 1947 to 1951 were made by Karl Walter.
  • Schlachte 30A: The commercial building was built around 1960.
  • Schlachte 36 : Hotel from 2005 based on plans by Ute Kastens and Uwe Siemann; In the basement of the Hotel Überfluss , the remains of a stone building erected around 1183 or the city wall are visible.
  • Schlachte No. 41–44: residential and commercial building from 1981 based on plans by Gert Schulze

Earlier buildings

  • Schlachte 1: Building from 1819 based on plans by Jacob Ephraim Polzin ; not received
  • Schlachte 31B: The Pflügersche Kontorhaus was built according to plans by the sculptor Theophilus Wilhelm Frese around 1755 in the Rococo style by the wine merchant and councilor Johann Georg Hofschlaeger. It had five floors. In 1836 Georg Friedrich Pflüger bought the house and set up the Paris City Inn . In 1874 Gütermesser Carl Wilhelm Meyer took over the building. At the beginning of the 20th century, a new building was built according to plans by Albert Dunkel , reusing the rococo facade. The house burned out in 1944. The facade was reused in 1957/58 for the new building of the Stadtsparkasse building on the corner of the market square and Langenstrasse .
  • Schlachte 38: Residence of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg consul and shipowner Oltmann Thyen .

Monument protection

The Schlachte as a whole and the following buildings are under monument protection :

  • Martinikirchhof 3 and 6: Martinikirche and Neanderhaus, 1229/1250
  • Battle 2 to 32 as an ensemble
  • Schlachte 3 to 5: commercial building, 1949–1951
  • Schlachte 10, 11: Verlag- und Kontorhaus, 1925–1927
  • Schlachte 15 to 18: JH Bachmann office building from 1913, rebuilt in 1948
  • Schlachte 30A: commercial building, around 1960
  • Battle wall as harbor wall, 16th to 19th century
  • First battle gate 1 office building , around 1955

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bremisches Urkundenbuch, Vol. 1, Bremen 1873, No. 246, p. 285. - Weidinger, Mit Koggen, Fig. 2, p. 118
  2. ↑ Weidinger, Schlachte, p. 130
  3. ↑ Lydia Niehoff : "To the golden anchor" - giving beer in the taverns at the Schlachte , in: Christian Marzahn / Astrid Schneider (eds.), Enjoyment and moderation , contributions to the social history of Bremen, issue 17, Edition Temmen , Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-86108-228-4 , pp. 29-52
  4. ↑ The "Alex" is anchored at the Schlachte ( memento from October 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Bremer Nachrichten of January 25, 2007: Fangturm still has to wait ( Memento of the original of September 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bremer-nachrichten.de
  6. ↑ Deputation decides to expand Schlachte ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ http://www.adressbuecher.genealogy.net/addressbook/54747ca71e6272f5d1b1f4a1?start=..&sort=firstName&offset=17325&max=25&order=asc
  8. ^ Monument database of the LfD
  9. ↑ Comment: Weidinger's works are more material and analytical than the older monograph by Prüser. The historical passages of this article are based on them.

Web links

Commons : Die Schlachte  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 34 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 8 ″  E