Teerhof (Bremen)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Teerhof is in Bremen between the Weser and one of its side arms, the Kleine Weser , in continuation of the city Werder opposite the Old Town location peninsula . It belongs to the Neustadt district of Bremen , Alte Neustadt district.

Location, connections

The Teerhof extends in a north-west-south-east direction between the Weser and the Little Weser. The peninsula is bordered on the southeast side by the Wilhelm Kaisen Bridge , which acts as a road bridge connecting the old town with the new town. Another road connection over the Weser (and the Kleine Weser ) is the Bürgermeister-Smidt-Brücke , which runs over the north-western tip of the Teerhof peninsula. In addition, the Teerhof is connected to the old and the new town by two pedestrian bridges, which are each about in the middle between the two road bridges.

history

North-western tip of Stadtwerder before the construction of the Great Weser Bridge and the Teerhof complex (reconstruction of Bremen in the 13th century from 1604)

The name Teerhof refers to the name Teerhaus, which was first mentioned in 1547. Already in the 13th century around half a dozen houses on the tar yard were used for ships. (Quoted in:) In the shipyards that have existed since the 15th century, the joints between the wooden planks were sealed with tow and tar and ropes were tarred. In the 15th century, the city of Bremen decided that all tar work in Bremen had to be moved to the newly built tar house on the peninsula. Private taring within the city was banned because of the risk of fire. Ship carpentry on the peninsula flourished over the next few centuries. In the 16th century the vernacular baptized the peninsula with the name " Teerhof " because of the tar house on it . This name of the peninsula is also mentioned in a document around 1720.

On the north-west point there was a post windmill , which was demolished in 1669 and a stone merchant's house and warehouse was built here. In 1665 the tar magazine was built on the headland and stood there until 1730. In the 18th century there were around 40 buildings as residential and commercial buildings, as packing houses and as workshops for the craft.

Bremer Teerhof 1640/1641 ( Merian , detail): the Teerhof as an artificially separated island, new ship being built on a slipway ; on the other side of the Weser up to the Martini Church houses on the bank, to the left the Schlachte quay

In 1739 a supply of powder exploded in the powder tower "Braut" , a kennel built to defend the bridge on the Teerhof. The powder tower was destroyed, the tar yard and surrounding buildings were badly damaged.

In the 19th century, the northeastern part of the Teerhof on the Weser was completely settled. In 1840, the opposite part of the Kleiner Weser was also built on with packing houses. At the northwestern end of the peninsula, the Ad cigar factory . Hagens & Co. erected a building in the style of a Flemish city ​​gate with two neo-Gothic towers by the architect Johannes Rippe in 1897 . The gate entrance leads from the bridge that connected the north-western tip of the island with the mainland on the left and right of the Weser to the other packing houses. The building was soon popularly referred to as the Weserburg .

During the economic crisis in 1923, Hagens & Co. sold the Weserburg complex to the coffee roastery Gebrüder Schilling , which from then on operated the import, roasting and shipping of coffee there.

In 1940, 1942 and especially on October 6, 1944, the Teerhof was badly damaged in nightly bombings during World War II . The buildings were mostly in ruins, the Weserburg was almost completely destroyed. The Schilling coffee company had a new Weserburg built in the north-western part of the Teerhof in 1949 and resumed operations, and in 1959 a structural expansion took place. The remaining area lay fallow for several decades.

After the roastery was closed in 1973, the city of Bremen acquired the Weserburg. In the following years it served as a domicile for changing users and cultural initiatives, including the municipal gallery. In 1980 the newly founded Society for Current Art e. V. (GAK) in today's exhibition rooms in the Weserburg. On their initiative, the Bremen citizenship founded the New Museum Weserburg Bremen Foundation in 1988 . After the rooms were converted by the architects Wolfram Dahms and Frank Sieber, the New Museum Weserburg Bremen opened in 1991 . On 6,000 m² of exhibition space, more than 300 works of the various international art movements of the last 40 years are shown, supplemented by changing exhibitions. For the first time in Europe, the concept of a collector's museum was implemented here.

In 1967, in the southeastern part of the Teerhof on Wilhelm-Kaisen-Brücke, an office building complex was built for the so-called insurance exchange, in which various companies in the insurance industry had their headquarters. The simple, cubic building complex with all-round ribbon windows was designed by the Bremen architect Martin Zill and for a long time was the only new building between the two Weser bridges. Today, among other things, the Lampe & Schwartze KG , which is one of the largest insurance brokers in Germany, is based there. In a neighboring office building, which was built from 1995 to 1998 according to plans by the Bremen architecture firm Haslob , Hartlich & Partner, the Herrlichkeit 1 office building as the headquarters of the Bremen insurance brokerage company C. Wuppesahl , the Bremen branch of zur Willis has since been established following company mergers and takeovers Group Holdings owned insurance and financial services company Willis GmbH & Co. KG and a subsidiary of Willis Germany, JWA Marine GmbH .

In the 1960s to 1980s, advisory boards and architects' offices dealt with the development of the fallow land at the Teerhof. In 1966, the planners Welp, Ude, Wolpert and Friccius envisaged terraced apartment buildings and a 93-meter-high office tower on the Teerhof, the architects Dinné , Glade , Katenkamp, Köhl , K. Müller, K. Schmidt, Sturmheit and Zickerow planned residential and commercial buildings with up to ten storeys in a very compact design. In 1973 the city of Bremen bought all of the land. In 1978 an architectural competition was carried out, but the design by Bremen competition winners Goldapp and Klumpp with a heavily gable-accentuated view of the Weser was not implemented, but the eaves solution by the second-placed Danish architects Dissing  & Weitling .

Reconstruction through residential buildings from 1991

It was not until 1991/92 that the Teerhof was largely completely built up again and the first larger section was completed in 1995 with now predominantly brick-view residential buildings, which are intended to remind of the architecture of the packing houses. The rows of houses along the Teerhofufer created an elongated, oval, public interior. The architects of the buildings were Haslob & Partner, Müller-Menckens , Rosengart, Schomers, Schürmann, Stridde, Schulze, Weber, Schütz and Schmidt. The residential area of ​​the Teerhof is closed to car traffic. A new pedestrian and cycle path bridge built in 1993, the so-called Teerhofbrücke , connects the Teerhof with the Schlachte opposite and the old town of Bremen. The Neustadt is reached through the existing pedestrian bridge over the barrage of the Kleiner Weser .

New office buildings from 1998

The Herrlichkeit 1 office building , also known as the Wuppesahl office building , was built in 1998 according to plans by the architects Harm Haslob , Peter Hartlich and Klaus Schütz. In one of the last vacant lots, between the insurance exchange and the guest house of the University of Bremen built in 1994, the Teerhof 59 office building for the Beluga Group was built from 2007 to 2009 according to plans by architects Harm Haslob and Jens Kruse . During the construction work, the remains of two Weser barges were discovered and recovered, which are currently being preserved at the German Maritime Museum .

Picture gallery

literature

  • Christoph Dette, Anke Grossmann, Ruprecht Grossmann: The Teerhof in Bremen. Bremen's island between the old town and the new town. Hauschild, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-929902-88-5 .

Web links

Commons : Teerhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Daniel Zwick: News from the "Beluga ship". (PDF 1.0 MB) A Bremen clinker wreck from the 15th century. In: Nachrichtenblatt Arbeitskreis Unterwasserarchäologie (NAU). Janus Verlag, 2010, pp. 62–71 , accessed December 18, 2013 . ISSN 1434-842X  
  2. ↑ Karl Helm: Bremen's wooden shipbuilding from the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch , Vol. 44, 1955, ISSN  0341-9622 , p. 182
  3. ^ Karl Marten Barfuß, Hartmut Müller, Daniel Tilgner (eds.): History of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 1945 to 2005 . Volume 2: 1970-1989, pp. 600-6003. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2008, ISBN 978-3-8378-1020-2 .

Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 32 ″  N , 8 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  E