Johann Georg Poppe

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Johann Georg Poppe 1890
"Wasserkunst" on the Werder in 1872
Parking garage 1890
Headquarters of North German Lloyd 1907
Grave of Johann Georg Poppe in the Riensberg cemetery

Johann Georg Poppe (born September 12, 1837 in Bremen , † August 18, 1915 in Lesum ) was a German architect , he is considered the most famous creator of historicism architecture in Bremen.

biography

Johann Georg Poppe was the son of the master carpenter and architect Christoph Poppe (1804–1878). From 1855 to 1859 he studied architecture at the Karlsruhe Polytechnic . From 1860 to 1861 he worked first as an architect in Berlin , then from 1863 in Bremen. His architectural work is characterized by a lush variety of historicist styles, with a particular predilection for the neo-Renaissance , which developed from his travels to France and Italy.

In Bremen Poppe built numerous villas and country houses, especially in Horn and Oberneuland . In 1875 Knoop Castle was built in the Vahr , which was owned by the Rickmers family as Kreyenhorst Castle from 1888 and was demolished in 1912. He became known for his representative large buildings such as the waterworks in Stadtwerder (1873), the buildings for the Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition in 1890, the Bremen Cotton Exchange (1902) or the headquarters of North German Lloyd (1907-1912).

Numerous residential and suburban houses for wealthy Bremen merchants and citizens were also built, such as the still preserved Villa Frerichs (1882–1884) based on Johann Poppe's designs, the interior design of which Poppe also frequently took over.

In addition, he designed the equipment of several ships of the North German Lloyd , mostly carried out by the renowned Mainz company A. Bembé , including the then temporarily fastest Atlantic liner in the world, the Kaiser Wilhelm II , which was commissioned in 1903 .

As council carpenter in 1883, he led the redesign of the upper hall of the Bremen town hall and in 1903 designed the lush town hall stalls, only parts of which have been preserved on site.

Up until 1890 Poppe's works showed the strong influence of the French and Italian Renaissance. The multi-storey car park (1890) for the Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition is one of his professional highlights. Poppe was the most important and most famous master builder in Bremen at the time. However, criticism of its opulent design language grew louder towards the end of the century. At this time Poppe turned to the example of the German Renaissance as a source of inspiration. This can be seen in the finely ornamented design of the city library, which approximates the formal language of the Weser Renaissance prevalent in Bremen.

An oil painting by him can be seen in the Villa Ichon in Bremen, which he converted and lived in for a long time. Its excessive wealth of decorations was not without controversy, the influential architecture critic Walter Müller-Wulckow wrote, for example. B. on the Bremen Cotton Exchange designed by Poppe: "The Bremen Cotton Exchange is the most blatant example of its kind, from whose abundance of forms peeling ornaments fell to passers-by shortly after completion and in this downright grotesque way showed the cancer damage in our building practice."

Other architects replaced Poppe's style with their buildings influenced by Art Nouveau or reform architecture . After a failure in the competition for the design of the great Weser bridge in 1910, Poppe retired to his Poppenhof estate on the right bank of the Lesum in Lesum .

Poppe died in 1915 and was buried in the Riensberg cemetery in Bremen (grid square V, on the corner of grid squares F and G).

Works

Works until 1890

  • 1870: Houses on Bahnhofsplatz, demolished
  • 1871: Reconstruction of the Villa Ichon , Goetheplatz 4, which he lived in from 1895 (D)
  • 1872: Villa Leupold ( Eichenhorst ) in Leher Heerstrasse 194 in Horn-Lehe for Friedrich Ludwig Herrmann Leupold
  • 1872: Packhouses in Häschenstrasse, Neustadt , demolished
  • 1873: Albers house for GW Albers [1] , private citizen, on Osterdeich 29
  • 1873: Waterworks in Stadtwerder (popularly known as "Upside Down Dresser") in Werderstrasse 101 (D)
  • 1873–1874: Landhaus Eduard Wätjen ( Alteneichen Castle ) at Horner Heerstraße 16 in Horn with Hofmeierhaus, demolished chronik-horn-lehe
  • 1873–1875: Knoop Castle in the Vahr (from 1888 as Kreyenhorst Castle owned by the Rickmers family , demolished in 1912)
  • 1873–1875: Restoration of the old Beling gabled house ( Beling department store ) at Schlachte No. 20, demolished (when?)
  • 1874: Rear extension of Haus Hoogenkamp (1825 by Hinrich Kaars?) For the then owner J. Westenfeld, Oberneulander Landstr. 33 (demolished?)
  • 1874: Theodor Fritze's house, Am Dobben 31a (demolished in 1968)
  • before 1875: Consul Edwin Adalbert Oelrichs' villa at Contrescarpe 79
  • 1875: Landhaus Wedemeyer (later Hoffmann) for August and H. Wedemeyer in Oberneuland, Rockwinkel 116 (demolished, today Ecumenical High School in Bremen )
  • 1880, Contorhaus Hoffmann & Ruhl (also Bureau of the Prussian Consulate General) Albutenstrasse 1a, corner of Langenstrasse 125–126, destroyed
  • 1882: Headquarters of the Sparkasse Bremen in Obernstrasse, corner of Papenstrasse (destroyed in World War II)
  • 1883: Redesign of the upper hall of the Bremen town hall
  • 1884: Villa Frerichs for Adolf Frerichs, cotton merchant Osterdeich 27 (D) [2]
  • 1885: Tomb of Elisabeth Wätjen-Berck with sculptor Rudolf Lauer (D)
  • before 1887: Villa-Preetorius in Mainz for the leather manufacturer and Bembé - partner Wilhelm Preetorius (demolished?)
  • 1887: Development of the competition program for the renovation of the Bremen Cathedral together with the architects Wilhelm Below, Heinrich Müller and Christian Bummerstedt
  • 1889: Villa Dieterich in Düsseldorf, Feldstrasse 82 for the brewery owner Dieterich (demolished?)
  • 1889: Georg Hagendorff and Hermann Grote (wine shop) residential and commercial building at Obernstrasse 22, later converted by the Blanke company, demolished (when?)
  • 1890: Thomas Achelis house in Contrescarpe 58, demolished (when?)
  • 1890: Buildings for the Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition (dismantled after the exhibition except for the parking garage that was destroyed by fire in 1907 )

Works from 1890

  • 1892: Base of the Kaiser Wilhelm monument with sculptor Robert Bärwald on the Bremen market square (melted down in World War I)
  • 1892: Tomb of the Johann Georg Lohmann family in the Riensberg cemetery with sculptor August Sommer (D)
  • 1894: Tomb of the H. Upmann family in the Riensberg cemetery with sculptor August Sommer (D)
  • 1895: Tomb of the Johann Hermann Niemann family in the Riensberg cemetery (no receipt, information from the cemetery administration)
  • 1897: City Library - from 1927 State Library  - on Breitenweg at the main train station (damaged in World War II, demolished in 1997)
  • 1902: Building of the Bremen Cotton Exchange , 1923–1924 rebuilt and greatly simplified, partly destroyed in World War II and tower damaged (D)
  • 1901: Tomb of the GW Grommė family (D)
  • 1903: Council stalls for the Bremen Town Hall, only parts of it preserved on site (removed and thrown away in 1955)
  • 1904–1905: Commercial building of the Reis- und Handels-AG, Reisbörse at Schlachte Langenstrasse 38–42 (reconstruction 1947–1951 by Karl Walter, badly damaged in World War II) (D)
  • 1907: Headquarters of Norddeutscher Lloyd in Peltzerstrasse (and Papenstrasse), (heavily damaged in an air raid on October 6, 1944, tower and parts of the building in 1953, the rest of it demolished in 1969)
  • 1908: Hofmeierhaus on the property of Villa Leupold (demolished in 1961)
  • 1910: Great Weser Bridge competition

Interior fittings

Interior fittings: buildings

  • 1886: Interior Design house Geo Heinrich Plate at Osterdeich 10
  • 1886: Interior of the Emil Plate house at Osterdeich 56
  • Interior fittings, Thomas Achelis house , Contrescarpe 58 (Wellhausen, Hanover)
  • Interior fittings of the Carl Schütte house , Rembertistr. 16 (Ausf. H.Bembė, Mainz)
  • Interior of the Friedrich Ludwig T. Achelis house , Am Dobben 25
  • Interior of the Dettmar Finke residential building , Contrescarpe 78
  • Interior fittings of the Gustav Deetjen house , Contrescarpe 70 (Wellhausen, Hanover)
  • Interior of the Henry Sidney Lamotte house , Contrescarpe 50

Interior fittings: Ship fittings for the North German Lloyd

Interior fittings: Ship fittings for HAPAG in Hamburg

literature

  • General (JG Poppe). In: Lloyd-Nachrichten , No. 84 (1907), pp. 1163–1164.
  • Johann Georg Poppe (obituary). In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , 49 (1915) 72, pp. 410-412.
  • Architect Johann G. Poppe (obituary). In: Bremer Nachrichten , August 19, 1915.
  • Johs. Müller: Architect Poppe as a person . In: Bremer Nachrichten , August 21, 1915.
  • Gustav Brandes: Johann Poppe. In: Lower Saxony. Vol. 20, 1914, 15, No. 23, pp. 396-397.
  • Bremen and its buildings. Edited and published by the architects and engineers association. Published by Karl Schünemann, Bremen 1900, p. 435 ff.
  • Wilhelm Wortmann: Bremen builder of the 19th and 20th centuries. Johann Heinrich Döll Verlag, Bremen 1988, pp. 28-29.
  • Reinhard Patemann: Poppe, Johann Georg. In: Historical Society Bremen , State Archive Bremen (Ed.): Bremische Biographie 1912–1962. Bremen 1969, p. 382, ​​col. 2–383 col. 2.
  • Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, ISBN 3-86108-616-6 .
  • Günter Heiderich: A quarter of a century interior decoration made from lake. The ship outfitter Johann Georg Poppe. In: Volker Plagemann (Ed.): Übersee. Seafaring and sea power in the German Empire . Verlag C. H. Beck, Munich 1988.
  • Matthias Trennheuser: The interior design of German passenger ships between 1880 and 1940. Dissertation . HM Hauschild, 2011.
  • E. Gildemeister: Bremisches Nekrologium. In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Published by the Historical Society of the Artists' Association. Günter Winter, Bremen 1916.
  • Uwe Schwartz: He was at the top of the freelance architects in Bremen: Johann Georg Poppe (1837–1915). In: Preservation of monuments in Bremen - Historicism and the early days of the first period of publications of the State Office for Monument Preservation , Vol. 13, Edition Temmen , Bremen 2016, ISBN 978-3-8378-1048-6 .
  • Heinrich Wiegand: Memoirs . State Archives Bremen, archive number 7, 2010–12.

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Poppe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The whole outfit of the saloons has been executed by the firm of A. Bembé of Mainz
  2. ^ Walter Müller-Wulckow: Structure architecture! Berlin 1919, p. 62.
  3. a b c d e f g Gustav Brandes: Johann Poppe . In: Lower Saxony . tape 20 . Bremen 1915, p. 396-397 .
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t E. Gildemeister: Bremisches Nekrologium . In: Historical Society of the Artists' Association (Hrsg.): Bremisches Jahrbuch . Gustav Winter, Bremen 1916.
  5. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Architects and Engineers Association (ed.): Bremen and its buildings . Karl Schünemann, Bremen 1900, p. 152, 243, 286-288, 304, 307, 364-365, 381, 394, 403, 429, 433-438, 442-444, 474, 476-477, 479, 570, 584, 588-590, 648 .
  6. a b c d e f Wilhelm Wortmann: Bremen builders of the 19th and 20th centuries . Johann Heinrich Döll, Bremen 1988, p. 28-29 .
  7. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Donald Poppe: Johann Georg Poppe . unpublished, 2014, p. 6 pages .
  8. a b c d e f g Johann Georg Poppe . In: Deutsche Bauzeitung . tape 49 . Bremen 1915, p. 410-412 .
  9. ^ A b G. Dettmann: Johann Poppe . In: Thieme-Becker, Allg. Lexicon of visual artists . tape 27 . Bremen 1992, p. 265 .
  10. a b c d e f g Herbert Schwarzwälder: The great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2003.
  11. Rudolph Stein: Classicism and Romanticism in the Architecture of Bremen II Bremen 1965, p. 374.
  12. a b c d e f g h Reinhard Patemann: Poppe, Johann Georg . In: Historical Society Bremen, State Archive Bremen (Ed.): Bremische Biographie 1912–1962 . Bremen 1969, p. 382-383 .
  13. ^ A b Kurt Milde: Neorenaissance in the German architecture of the 19th century. Essence and validity . Verlag der Kunst Dresden, Dresden 1981, p. 286-287 .
  14. Rudolph Stein: Classicism and Romanticism in Architecture in Bremen II Bremen 1965, pp. 376–378.
  15. a b c Licht, Hugo (Hrsg.): Architektur Deutschlands. Overview of the most outstanding constructions of modern times . tape 1 . Ernst Wasmuth, Berlin 1882, p. Bl. 50, 51, 63, 70, 71, 72, 73 .
  16. Hans-Christoph Hoffmann (Ed.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Oberneuland district. Publisher Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 1984.
  17. ^ Tomb Wätjen-Berck  in the German Digital Library
  18. ^ Hoffmann, Hans-Christoph: The preservation of St. Petri Cathedral in Bremen in the 19th century, Bremen 2007, p. 62
  19. ^ Wilhelm Kick (ed.): Modern new buildings. 2nd year, Stuttgart architecture publishing house Kick, Stuttgart 1898.
  20. ^ Wilhelm Lührs: A hundred years ago - The Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition . In: Staatsarchiv Bremen (Ed.): Bremisches Jahrbuch . tape 69 . Verlag des Staatsarchiv Bremen, Bremen 1990, p. 9-20 .
  21. The legacy of the Upmann brothers
  22. Tomb GW Gromme family
  23. Tomb of the GW Grommė family  in the German Digital Library
  24. ^ Wilhelm Ehlers: The administration building of the North German Lloyd in Bremen. Built in the years 1901–1910 by the architect Johann Georg Poppe. Bremen undated [1912]
  25. ^ Johann Georg Poppe. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. 49. Bremen 1915, pp. 410-412.
  26. a b c d e f g h i Günter Heiderich: A quarter of a century interior design at sea. The ship outfitter Johann Georg Poppe . In: Volker Plagemann (Ed.): Übersee. Seafaring and sea power in the German Empire . CH Beck, Munich 1988, p. 176-179 .
  27. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Matthias Trennheuser: The interior design of German passenger ships between 1880 and 1940 . In: Dissertation . HM Hauschild, 2011.
  28. A. Jaumann: Recent work by A. Bembé-Mainz, in: Interior decoration 18 (1907), pp. 12-14
  29. Schaefer, Karl: The modern space art in the service of North German Lloyd, in: Interior decor 18 (1907), pp. 293-305