Lesum

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Lesum
Downriver Lesum as seen from a house on the road bridge

Downriver Lesum as seen from a house on the road bridge

Data
Water code DE : 4949 (as part of the Wümme, GKZ: 494)
location Free Hanseatic City of Bremen , Germany
River system Weser
Drain over Weser  → North Sea
confluence Hamme
and Wümme near Wasserhorst
53 ° 10 ′ 19 ″  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 34 ″  E
Source height 0.6  m above sea level NHN
muzzle in Bremen-Vegesack in the Weser Coordinates: 53 ° 9 '55 "  N , 8 ° 37' 37"  E 53 ° 9 '55 "  N , 8 ° 37' 37"  E
Mouth height 0.4  m above sea level NHN
Height difference 0.2 m
Bottom slope 0.02 ‰
length 10 km  (nominal), with Wümme and Haverbeeke 131.5 km
Catchment area 2,188.16 km²
Discharge at the mouth of the
A Eo : 2,188.16 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		20.5 m³ / s
9.4 l / (s km²)
Big cities Bremen
Navigable 9.85 km
Lesum crossing A 27
View over the Lesum to the high banks of Bremen-Nord. The reeds have been harvested on the southern bank.
River landscape of the Lesum below Knoops Park, 2008
Lesum harbor

The Lesum is a right tributary of the Weser in the area of ​​the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . Nominally only 10 km long, hydrologically it forms together with the Wümme and its source stream the second largest right tributary of the Weser with a total length of 131 kilometers and a discharge of 20 m³ / s.

Between the confluence of the Hamme and Wümme and the Lesum barrage, the river and its banks form the FFH area of the same name .

course

The Lesum is created by the confluence of the 118 km long Wümme with the 48 km long Hamme between the Blockland district of Bremen and Ritterhude in Lower Saxony near Wasserhorst . It flows into the Weser near the Vegesack district of Bremen . If you look at the Wümme and Lesum as a continuous river, it has a length of 128 kilometers (with Haverbeeke 131 km) and is thus the third longest tributary of the Weser. The north bank of the Lesum is partly close, partly directly on the southern slope of the Osterholzer Geest , which is therefore also known as the Hohes Ufer . The south bank is flat marshland and is known as Werderland west of the Burg-Grambke district . Like the lower Wümme, the Lesum has ecologically valuable reed belts.

In addition to its source rivers, the Lesum has two other noteworthy tributaries:

history

In prehistoric and early historical times, the Weser flowed from today's district of Gröpelingen in a more northerly direction towards the Osterholzer Geest, only to bend to the west at its foot. Large parts of today's Lesumlauf are therefore the former Weser river. A 31 cm high, 800 g heavy Bronze Age crested helmet of bronze (now in the Focke-Museum ) was recovered from the Lesum.

To protect the Lesum crossing, a castle belonging to Bremen was located on the south bank near the village of Grambke, first mentioned in 1277 . In 1388, the city built a road connection to the Geestrand in the north with a bridge over the river and a dam. The names of the district Burg-Grambke (south bank), the district Burgdamm (north bank), the district Burglesum (both river banks) and the Bremen-Burg train station (in Burgdamm with the branching of the route to Bremerhaven and Bremen-Vegesack) derive from this . After the Thirty Years War , the river and castle had strategic importance in the defense of Bremen against the claims of Sweden under the Peace of Westphalia , which led to the destruction of the castle on July 14, 1653. In the subsequent First Bremen-Swedish War , the Burger Schanze on the Lesum was fought over and changed hands several times.

The mouth of the Lesum into the Weser, on the left is the entrance to the Vegesack harbor with the administration building of the Lürssen shipyard.
Aerial view of the Lesum estuary

A remarkable event took place at the Lesum about 300 years ago, as reported by the Nordic Mercury of May 10, 1669:

It was yesterday / near a local city / in a river / called Lessum / which is an arm from the Weser / a whale fish / whose length is 29 feet / shot / and today it was brought in front of this city / all the city people run there / to it see

A female minke whale apparently got lost while hunting salmon. The Bremen decided the subsequent dispute over the shot animal with the Swedes , who had sovereignty over the Archdiocese of Bremen after the Peace of Westphalia , and were allowed to keep and process the whale. The skeleton of the whale hangs in the Bremen overseas museum today . The Bremen council commissioned the Rembrandt student Franz Wulfhagen (1624-1670) to create a life-size painting of the animal that hangs in the Upper Town Hall in Bremen.

Until November 1, 1939, the Lesum was the border river between the territories of Bremen (Free Hanseatic City) and Hanover ( Electorate , Kingdom , Prussian Province ). In exchange for the cession of Bremerhaven to Prussia , Bremen was added to the present-day districts north of the Lesum in 1939. a. Grohn, St. Magnus, Lesum and Burgdamm, which belonged to the Osterholz district , expanded.

From 1971 to 1974, two kilometers above the Lesum estuary, the Lesum barrage with four openings, each 15 m wide and a ship lock with a usable length of 30 m and a width of 14 m, was built to protect the lowlands with Lesum, Wümme and Hamme against storm surges. At the same time, a bridge connection for pedestrians and cyclists was established between Grohn and Lesumbrok in Werderland, south of the Lesum. This bridge is folded up during boat passages, and at night with hourly breaks in the summer months.

Economy and Transport

The Lesum is influenced by the tide over its full length and the federal waterway (“Ls”) is of waterway class III, on which the sea waterway regulations apply; The Bremen Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible . It can be used by larger barges and, up to the road bridge in Bremen-Burg, by coasters . The section between the barrage and the road bridge is of little importance for commercial shipping and essentially functions as a sports port. Numerous landing stages cross the reed belt here. The Grohn marina lies between the barrage and the estuary.

To the east, next to the historic bridge along the Bremer Heerstraße and Burger Heerstraße , is the Bremen-Burg railway bridge and one kilometer further east is the A 27 motorway bridge .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Lesum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wasserhorst gauge, master data
  2. ↑ Vegesack gauge, master data
  3. ^ Franzius Institute (University of Hanover): Wümme flood protection plan. (PDF; 7.52 MB) Report No. 685. (No longer available online.) 2006, p. 276 , archived from the original on September 10, 2014 ; Retrieved August 10, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nlwkn.niedersachsen.de
  4. ↑ Note: Without tide; Level value Hellwege , increased by the discharge of the remaining catchment area (1280 km²) with an area discharge of approx. 8.2 l / s km² (averaged from the data of the surrounding levels Hellwege an der Wümme, Ahrensdorf am Giehler Bach and Oberlethe an der Lethe)
  5. ↑ Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  6. ↑ Note: After the Aller with 118 m³ / s at the mouth
  7. ↑ 2818304 Lesum.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  8. ↑ Note: After the Aller with a total of 346 km and the Hunte with 189 km.
  9. ↑ Nordischer Mercurius 1969. suub.uni-bremen.de, p. 298 , accessed on September 11, 2014 (digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Arnulf Marzluf: The salmon was probably his undoing. In: Weser courier . August 2, 2008 (dimensions of the restored picture: 9.55 meters × 3.55 meters)
  11. ↑ Directory E, serial no. 29 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de