Wümme
| Wümme | ||
 Catchment area of the Wümme |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 494 (including Lesum) | |
| location | Lower Saxony and Bremen , Germany | |
| River system | Weser | |
| Drain over | Lesum → Weser → North Sea | |
| source | in the NSG Lüneburger Heide south of Niederhaverbeck 53 ° 7 ′ 46 ″ N , 9 ° 53 ′ 42 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 90 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | Unites at Wasserhorst with the Hamme to Lesum Coordinates: 53 ° 10 ′ 17 ″ N , 8 ° 44 ′ 35 ″ E 53 ° 10 ′ 17 ″ N , 8 ° 44 ′ 35 ″ E |
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| Mouth height | 2 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 88 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 0.75 ‰ | |
| length | 118 km | |
| Catchment area | 1,584.77 km² | |
| Discharge at the Hellwege lock A Eo : 908 km² Location: 44 km above the mouth |
NNQ (08/10/1992) MNQ 1961/2014 MQ 1961/2014 Mq 1961/2014 MHQ 1961/2014 HHQ (03/05/1979) |
864 l / s 2.38 m³ / s 9.75 m³ / s 10.7 l / (s km²) 49.7 m³ / s 118 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 1,584.77 km² |
MQ Mq |
15.5 m³ / s 9.8 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Königsgraben, Stellbach, Rieper Reithbach, Fintau , Beeke, Veerse , Rodau , Wiedau , Ahauser Bach, Kleine Wümme | |
| Right tributaries | Haverbeeke , Fuhlbach, Barkenbuschgraben, Rehrbach, Rischbach, Reithbach, Wieste , Walle, Wörpe | |
| Big cities | Bremen | |
| Medium-sized cities | Rotenburg (Wümme) | |
| Communities | Borgfeld , Fischerhude , Hellwege , Lilienthal , Lauenbrück , Ottersberg , Scheeßel , Stemmen | |
| Residents in the catchment area | 488,000 | |
| Navigable | Section by section for motor boats | |
 South arm of the Wümme near Bremen |
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The Wümme ( Low German Wümm ) is the 118 km long main source river of the Lesum , which, when it joins the Hamme coming from the northeast (right), travels a further 10 kilometers to the confluence with the Lower Weser . From Borgfeld (km 0.00) to the confluence with the Hamme (km 18.53), the tidal area, the Wümme is one of the so-called other inland waterways of the federal government; The Bremen Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible . In the lower tidal area, the shipping route regulations apply here .
The Wümme flows through northern Lower Saxony and Bremen . Almost all of the water has quality class II : moderately polluted. This makes the Wümme one of the cleanest rivers in northern Germany.
Wümme is also the name of a village that is near the first crossing of the Wümme by the B 75 (between Tostedt and Lauenbrück ).
geography
General
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The places on the Wümme are:
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Important tributaries of the Wümme are:
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Upper course
The source of the Wümme is located in the highest part of the Lüneburg Heath in the Lüneburg Heath nature reserve south of Niederhaverbeck . The Este rises just a few kilometers from the source , although it flows into the Elbe . The Haverbeeke comes from the Wilseder Berg as the largest source brook , which joins the Wümme 1.5 km west of Niederhaverbeck. Since the Haverbeeke at the confluence is both longer and more watery than the Wümme, the Haverbeeke does not actually flow into the Wümme, but conversely the Wümme into the Haverbeeke or the Haverbeeke is the actual source stream of the Wümme. From there the Wümme initially flows through near-natural lowlands. It then flows through Scheeßel and Rotenburg , to whose development the mills on the Wümme once contributed. Between Rotenburg and Ottersberg the Wümmeniederung is divided lengthways by a low dune ridge. North extend this dunes back than the side arms Everinghausen-Scheeßeler channel (from Scheeßel to Everinghausen near the A 1 ), and - closer to the Wümme - the Reith Bach .
The most important tributaries in this area are the Fintau , which slightly surpasses the Wümme in terms of water flow at the point of confluence, followed by the Veerse 2 km south of Scheeßel and the Wiedau in Rotenburg , which recently merged with the Rodau .
Wümmewiesen
At Ottersberg (from Dodenberg) the Wümme branches out to form an inland delta , called Wümmewiesen after its main vegetation . In the winter months, large areas are often under water for weeks and form a bird resting area of international importance. The north arm, middle arm and south arm of the Wümme reunite to form a river at the northeast corner of the Bremen area, since the Hollerdeich, which was created to protect the Hollerland (with the Bremen district of Oberneuland ), has bordered the Wümmewiesen to the south. The former south-westerly dike line is traced by the old Lehester dike and the former Achterdiek (street name in the Horn-Lehe district ).
Tidal range
Below the last weir in Bremen-Borgfeld , the Wümme is influenced by the tide , but the Lesum barrage has been preventing threatening floods from storm surges since 1974. In this section the river forms the border between Lower Saxony and Bremen. From Kuhsiel on, the Bremen dike is called Wümmedeich , the marshland behind it is called Blockland . The Wörpe flows from the north at Trupe . Their earlier, natural mouth was further northwest at the Truper Blänken . At Wasserhorst, the Wümme joins the Hamme to form the Lesum, which is only 10 km long . The tidal fringes of Wümme and Lesum are covered by one of the largest reed areas in northwest Germany.
Peat shipping on the Wümme
From the northern arm of the Wümme in the Seebergen / Hexenberg / Ebbensiek area, so-called ship trenches branch off into the moor villages of Rautendorf , Schmalenbeck and Meinershausen. They were used to transport the peat to Bremen, as well as the Semkenfahrt . In Kuhsiel, the Kuhgraben , already mentioned in the 13th century, branches off, which today only extends southwards to the Kleine Wümme . At its connection with the Dobben (today the small square Parkallee / An der Weide / Am Dobben ) was until 1826 at the southeast corner of the Bürgerweide, the Bremen Torfhafen. On the west side of today's Bürgerpark , at that time between Bürgerweide and Bürgerweide-Kämpen, the approximately 3.5 kilometers long (New) Torfkanal with the (New) Torfhafen was laid out between 1817 and 1826 . The routes of the peat ships finally led via the Hamme, the Semkenfahrt Canal or the Wörpe to the Wümme, from there via the new Semkenfahrt to the Torf Canal.
After the development of the moorland by the small railway Bremen – Tarmstedt in 1900 and the railway line Stade – Osterholz-Scharmbeck in 1911 no peat ships went to Bremen.
Hydraulic engineering
The water from the area south of Hollerdeich and Bremer Wümmedeich collects in the Holler fleet , in the Kleine Wümme (possibly an old lower course of the Wümme southern arm) and in the Kuhgraben. When the water level is low, it flows through Siele ; when the water level in Wümme and Lesum is high, it has been pumped into the Lesum by a pumping station at the end of the machine fleet since 1864 in order to keep the water level behind the dike lower than in the Wümme. Only remnants of the historic pump house that have been protected as monuments remain. The modern pumps are hidden in a chamber in the dike body.
The still existing Dammsiel was built in the Wümmedeich at the confluence of the Kleine Wümme in the Große Wümme, near the village of Damme. It was first mentioned in 1299. The Dammsiel lock has been renewed several times. She was maintained by the villages of the Blockland and Hollerland. There was an inn here, which was mainly used by peat boatmen.
In earlier times, when the Weser flooded, water ran through a gap in the dune near Bremen-Mahndorf into the Wümme. After the last such event of this type in early 1881, the Weser dykes were massively strengthened. Since then, the Bremen area between the Weser and Wümme has been enclosed by a dike ring. The Bremen Dike Association on the right bank of the Weser is responsible .
On behalf of the Wümme Fischerhude Water Board that was in November 2012 weir Two in the Wümme-south arm in a Sohlgleite rebuilt. The planning and construction management of the renaturation measure were in the hands of the Verden branch of the NLWKN . As part of the Fischerhuder Wümmeniederung GR project, additional weirs and sluices were converted into Sohlgleiten in the Verden district. This has improved the ecological patency of the Wümme to such an extent that numerous migratory fish can migrate back to their spawning areas. In the middle reaches of the Wümme (Scheeßel, Unterstedt, Hellwege), however, high weirs still hinder the spawning migration of the fish living here.
Conservation and Tourism
The entire course of the Wümme is under nature or landscape protection. It is part of the European Natura 2000 reserve . In part of the Wümm meadows near Stemmen, avenues and wild hedges were removed to make the area attractive for the rare Great Bustards.
The tidal area of the river is navigable, but is almost only used by pleasure boats. The paddling area extends much further upstream to Lauenbrück . The Wümme cycle path runs on both sides of the lower course on or behind the dykes, further upstream to the source, mostly away from the river.
The Wümme is one of the most valuable rivers in Lower Saxony for fish species protection. The occurrence of threatened migratory fish species such as the sea lamprey , river lamprey , sea trout and salmon is remarkable . Numerous fishing clubs in the Wümm area have been working to reintroduce salmon and sea trout for years. The upper area is Wümme habitat of endangered species such as small fish minnow , bullhead , loach , loach and lamprey .
See also
literature
- Land surveying and geographic base information Lower Saxony topographic map 1:50 000, sheets L 2918 and L 2920
- Wolf-Dietmar Stock; Art association Fischerhude in Buthmanns Hof eV (ed.): The Wümme from the source to the mouth. Art, nature, history and stories. Edition, Atelier im Bauernhaus, Ottersberg near Bremen 2011 (first edition Fischerhude 2005), ISBN 978-3-88132-308-6 (in connection with the exhibitions Die Wümme im Heimatbund Rotenburg (Wümme) from June 25th - August 28th 2005 and in the Kunstverein Fischerhude in Buthmanns Hof eV from July 9th to August 21st, 2005).
- Harald Witt: Cycling around Bremen: the most beautiful tours between the Hunte, Weser and Wümme . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86108-869-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Franzius Institute (University of Hanover): Wümme flood protection plan. (pdf; 7.52 MB) Report No. 685. 2006, p. 276 , accessed on August 10, 2013 .
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Weser-Ems 2014. Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 206, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 8805 kB).
- ↑ Note: Level value Hellwege , increased by the runoff of the remaining catchment area (676.8 km²) with an area runoff of approx. 8.2 l / s km² (averaged from the data for the surrounding levels Hellwege an der Wümme, Ahrensdorf am Giehler Bach and Oberlethe an der Lethe)
- ↑ Weser river basin community: Weser river basin management plan 2005 - inventory of sub-area Tideweser
- ↑ Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Directory F of the Chronicle ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Water quality Wümme Mitte
- ↑ Water quality Wümme Ost
- ↑ Overview map from the NSG Lüneburg Heath
