Hollerland

Morning mist over the Hollerland

Hollerland originally referred to a cultural landscape in the north and east of Bremen , which was made arable by Dutch settlers in the 12th century (the so-called " Holler colonization "). The historical Goh Hollerland also included the present-day Bremen districts Horn-Lehe and Oberneuland as well as parts of the Borgfeld district and the Osterholz district . Due to the establishment of extensive suburban settlements, especially since the 1960s, only remnants of the original cultural landscape reclaimed by the Dutch have been preserved. Today, only the part in the Horn-Lehe district and designated as a nature reserve is called Hollerland.

history

In 1106 six men from Utrecht (Holland) appeared in Bremen during the reign of King Henry IV . Led by a priest named Heinrich, they offered Archbishop Friedrich to drain and cultivate the swampy wasteland around Bremen. The archbishop complied with the request and concluded a contract with them, according to which the settlers undertook to make the land arable, to pay a penny and tithing each year for each hoof with a length of 720 and a width of 30 royal rods of the income.

The settlers submitted to the synodal jurisdiction and constitution of the Utrecht Church. They were allowed to decide their worldly legal dealings among themselves without being impaired by a foreign judge. Because of this "Hollerrecht" they were privileged compared to ordinary North German farmers.

The name "Hollerland" was derived from the colonization of the area by Dutch settlers. In 1188 it was called Hollandria or Nova terra .

The bailiwick of the area initially belongs to the Welfs ruling in the surrounding area . She was with the Archbishop of Bremen since 1219 . Around 1212 to 1220 the Hollerland became a rural municipality of Bremen. In place of several bailiffs, Goh Hollerland was responsible from the beginning of the 14th century . The villages of Horn, Osterholz (1426), Oberneuland and Rockwinkel also belonged to the Goh . The Gohgräfe was the judge of the Gohs and chairman of the Gohgericht . The court met at the place of jurisdiction called Uppe Angst , Auf dem Rüten in Rockwinkel. The old jury courts remained. Gohgräfe were initially Bremer ministerials (officials) from the Monik family and von der Helle, who resided at Gut Hodenberg as supporters of the archbishop . Since 1500 the Gohgräfe were elected from the Bremen council .

Since Schwachhausen and Hastedt were not subordinate to the imperial city but to the archbishopric of Bremen , the borders of the Hollerland were not only secured in the north, where the Wümmedeich served equally as a Landwehr , but also to the south and south-west, where the Landwehr after an arc around the village of Osterholz followed by Vahrer Fleth, today on the street Vahrer Strasse - In der Vahr - Bürgermeister-Spitta-Allee .

In 1598 Hollerland and Blockland were merged. With the Second Stade settlement in 1741, however, the area of ​​the Gohgericht Blockland, with the exception of the Upper Blockland, came under the sovereignty of the Electorate of Hanover , although Bremen retained jurisdiction. At the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, Bremen regained sovereignty. As a parish , only the parish of Horn was initially responsible for the Hollerland and later the parish of Oberneuland for the eastern part of the Hollerland and the parish of Borgfeld for the northern part .

After the French period in Bremen with its cantons in the department of the Weser estuaries from 1811 to 1814, the Hollerland was ruled by the landlord on the right bank of the Weser in the Landherrnamt from 1815 . The local offices of Horn-Lehe , Oberneuland and Osterholz have been responsible for Hollerland since 1946 .

Nature reserve

View from the top of the Bremen drop tower to the Hollerland, in front the A 27

The western Hollerland nature reserve encompasses a 293 hectare remainder of the cultural landscape reclaimed by the Dutch in the Horn-Lehe district between Kuhgrabenweg, Lehesterdeich, Hollergrund and Autobahn A 27. With effect from April 3, 1985 three quarters of the western area were placed under protection, an extension took place in 1991. The approximately 90 km long ditch network, which was created for drainage, is, together with the extensive, nature-friendly wet grassland, an important supraregional habitat for rare animals and plants, such as several hundred thousand crab claws . In the north it borders on the Untere Wümme nature reserve .

Flora

More than 40 endangered Red List plants grow in the area . The " Pannlake ", an inland salt point whose source comes from the Lilienthal salt dome , is of particular importance . Strawberry clover , salt bulrush , brackish reed beds and larger stocks of salt pond and beach ledges , which are otherwise only found in the coastal area, grow here.

Wildlife

The Hollerland is one of the most valuable breeding areas for meadow birds such as the black godwit , snipe , lapwing and redshank ; It is an important resting area for migratory birds.

Due to the dense network of ditches, numerous depressions and small bodies of water, the Hollerland is also of outstanding importance for amphibians and insects, especially dragonflies. So far there have been 26 types of dragonflies, including the green damsel (dragonfly), which is very common here and which forms a symbiosis for reproduction with the crab claws that are widespread in the ditches of Hollerland . Among other things, the fish species Moderlieschen , wolffish and mud whip , which are endangered nationwide, live in the trenches .

Citizens' initiative for the preservation of the Hollerland

Emblem of the Hollerland citizens' initiative

Since 1978 conservationists have been fighting for Gerold Janssen (1923–2012), who have joined together in the “Citizens' Initiative for the Preservation of Hollerland”, to preserve this unique northern German cultural landscape with plants and animals that are worth protecting.

In the 1960s, large areas of the Hollerland were bought up by the Neue Heimat in order to develop them. Similar to the Neue Vahr , a huge residential area - the "Hollerstadt" - with 15,000 residential units for almost 50,000 residents was to be created here. Work, shopping and sports facilities, including a regatta course, were also planned. In view of falling demand, growing criticism of large-scale projects and the building land scandal, planning was initially discontinued.

Planning was resumed in 1977 by the Senator for Construction, Stefan Seifriz, with the submission of a pilot study, the so-called Osthaus study. The "Citizens' Initiative to Defend the Hollerstadt", founded by Gerold Janssen, the pastor Friedrich Bode and Dieter Stratmann from Horner, began with the mobilization of the citizens against the new plans. At the urging of the citizens and nature conservationists, the building senator engaged the scientist Professor Pflug from Aachen to draw up a "landscape ecological report". Pflug's first sketch, in which he divides the Hollerland into a nature reserve and proposed building areas, was presented to the politicians as a final report. The building deputation decided to develop part of the Hollerland; 270 hectares should be designated as a nature reserve. With that the "Hollerstadt" died.

The BI renamed itself to "Citizens' Initiative for the Preservation of Hollerland". In July 1984, the water law approval procedure for the construction of a sewer had to be relocated to the Bremen town hall, the protests of the participants led to the meeting being broken off and the measure delayed by a year. The BI had the flora and fauna worthy of protection mapped by professors from the University of Bremen, collected signatures against the Hollerland development, organized a highly regarded exhibition in the lower town hall of the Bremen town hall and laid a painted “nature trail” with slogans such as “here the mosaic maiden curved” or “here lit the night peacock “on the paths around Hollerland. In 1985 more than 3/4 of the western Hollerland was designated as a nature reserve.

In 1986 the citizens' initiative received the environmental protection award from the Senator for the Environment Evi Lemke and presented numerous protests by dragonfly specialists from all over the world against the destruction of dragonfly biotopes. In the same year, the "Nature Conservation List" , which appeared for the first time for the dyke association election and was brought into being by the BI and the BUND, won the majority of the seats under the motto “Dyke protection yes - nature destruction no!”. The board consists of four environmentalists and one farmer. Gerold Janssen was elected dike captain. In October 1989 the Hollerland Compromise was reached. Building Senator Konrad Kunick , the spokesman for the building deputation Schreiber and the environmentalist Janssen set the building boundary between the Hollergrund to be built on and the areas of the Hollerwald forest and the western meadow areas to be included in the nature reserve .

Even after designation as an NSG there were always plans to build on Hollerland. For example: the construction of a “technology city” (2003), a use as a commercial area and, again and again, the construction of an expressway through the area (Hollerlandtrasse).

In 2004 the Westliches Hollerland nature reserve - with 293 hectares the third largest in Bremen - was finally placed under the protection of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive after more than 25 years of conflict .

In 2009 Janssen received the Bremer Sparkasse Citizens' Prize for his work against the building lions .

See also

• List of nature reserves in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen

literature

• 800 years of Horn-Lehe . Published by the parishes of Horn I and II, local office and civil association Horn-Lehe.
• Gerold Janssen u. Dieter Mazur: Am I right? Route through the Hollerland? They're crazy! Bremen 1999.
• Gerold Janssen: The wind is inaugurated here - hands off Hollerland! Donat Verlag , Bremen, ISBN 978-3-938275-24-5 .
• Michael Koppel: Horn-Lehe-Lexikon . Edition Temmen , Bremen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8378-1029-5 .
• Senator for women, health, youth, social affairs and environmental protection (ed.): Nature reserves and nature conservation work in Bremen . Bremen 1999.
• E. Dünzelmann: On the history of the Bremen rural area . In: Bremisches Jahrbuch . Volume 15, Bremen 1889, pp. 96-117.

media

• Gerold Janssen's dream; Script / Camera / Editing: Jörg Streese; streese.film.produktion; D 2006.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ page of the city of Bremen on the chronicle of Oberneuland  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Page of the city of Bremen on the Chronicle of Horn-Lehe  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
3. ↑ Awarded environmental activist Gerold Janssen . In: Broadcast November 24, 2009 . Magazine buten un inside . Retrieved on November 26, 2009.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  

Web links

Commons : Westliches Hollerland (Leherfeld)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Chronicle Horn-Lehe
• Citizens' initiative for the preservation of the Hollerland
• No. 4 Westliches Hollerland (Leherfeld) , overview of nature reserves in the Bremen environmental information system, Senator for the Environment, Building and Transport
• Western Hollerland (Leher Feld) , nature experience space , internet presentation of the Bremen nature conservation authority with information, detailed maps and download area for leaflets on protected areas in the state of Bremen

Coordinates: 53 ° 7 ′ 10 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  E