Beach ledges
| Beach ledges | ||||||||||||
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Bolboschoenus maritimus agg. / B. laticarpus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Bolboschoenus | ||||||||||||
| (Ash.) Palla |
The beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus ) are a genus of plants in the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It comprises around 14 species that are distributed worldwide, predominantly in wetlands and often develop species-poor dominant populations there.
description
Beach edging species are perennial , herbaceous plants . They form runners, which are more or less thickened at the tips, sometimes they have walnut-sized tubers. The triangular stems are leafy. The stiff upright growing leaves are grassy, smooth and narrowed into a triangular tip.
The inflorescence is a simple or head-like contracted spiral and surrounded by several, stem-like bracts . The 10 to 20 mm long spikes usually contain more than five flowers. The lower husks are at least as large as the upper ones, brown, finely hairy, with margins at the tip and with a short awn. The flowers are hermaphroditic with brown, rough tapered bristles . These are finely haired. The stylus base is not thickened. There are three stigmas and stamens each.
The single-seeded closing fruit ( achenes ) is either triangular, two-sided or curved outwards on one side.
Systematics
The name Bolboschoenus was published in 1864 by Paul Friedrich August Ascherson , as a section within the genus Scirpus in Flora of the Province of Brandenburg , 1, p. 753. It was not until 1905 that Bolboschoenus was given the rank of a genus by Eduard Palla in Hallier & Brand: Synopsis of the German and Swiss Flora , third edition, p. 2531.
The species of the genus Bolboschoenus were and are partly to the genus of the ledges ( Scirpus ), partly also to the genus of the pond rushes ( Schoenoplectus ). The internal systematics is still being discussed, depending on the author, a distinction is made between 6 and 15 species, with Bolboschoenus maritimus and Bolboschoenus fluviatilis in particular causing difficulties, as they are likely to be complexes.
etymology
The generic name Bolboschoenus comes from the Greek word bólbos = onion and schoinos = rush. It is referred to the rush-shaped shape and the partially onion-like thickening of the tips of the runners.
Species and their distribution
There are around 14 types of Bolboschoenus :
- Bolboschoenus caldwellii (VJCook) Soják : Australia, New Zealand.
- Bolboschoenus capensis (Burm. F.) Holub : Cape Province .
- Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torrey) Soják : Eastern Australia to New Zealand, North America to Mexico.
- Blue-gray beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) SGSmith ): Mediterranean area to northwestern India and Africa; introduced in America and rarely in Central Europe.
- Bolboschoenus grandispicus (Steud.) Lewej. & Lobin : It only occurs in Senegal and Cape Verde.
- Broad fruited beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus laticarpus Marhold, Hroudová, Duchácek & Zákr. ); Europe to Turkey. (Probably the most common beach ledges in Germany off the coast)
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Common beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla ; incl. Bolboschoenus affinis (Roth) Drobow ): It is widespread in temperate to subtropical zones worldwide; mainly on coasts, with three subspecies:
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. affinis (Roth) T.Koyama : Southeast European Russia to Vietnam.
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. maritimus : Temperate Eurasia, Cape Province.
- Bolboschoenus maritimus subsp. paludosus (A.Nelson) T.Koyama : North America to northern Argentina, Hawaii.
- Bolboschoenus medianus (VJCook) Soják : Southeast Australia, New Zealand.
- Bolboschoenus nobilis (Ridl.) Goetgh. & DASimpson : Southwestern Angola to Namibia.
- Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Britton) SGSm. : Eastern USA.
- Flat-fruited beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F.Schmidt) TVEgorova ): Eurasia.
- Bolboschoenus robustus (Pursh) Soják : USA to Mexico, Caribbean islands to tropical America.
- Bolboschoenus schmidii (Raymond) Holub : It occurs from Central Asia to Afghanistan.
- Bolboschoenus stagnicola (Raymond) Soják : Pakistan.
- Unrecognized beach ledges ( Bolboschoenus yagara (Ohwi) YCYang & M.Zhan ): Europe to northern Japan.
literature
- S. Galen Smith: Bolboschoenus in the Flora of North America , Volume 23, 2002, p. 37: Online. (Section description)
- Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Gordon C. Tucker & David A. Simpson: Bolboschoenus in der Flora of China , Volume 23, 2010, p. 179: Online. (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Bolboschoenus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 10, 2018.
