Commelinids

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Sugar cane ( Saccharum officinarum )

The commelinids are a group of plants within the monocotyledons . Many representatives are wind pollinated ( anemophilic ).

features

The common features ( synapomorphies ) of the commelinids are mainly anatomical features: UV-reflecting ferulic acid is located in the cell walls . In the epidermal cells , but also in other tissues, there are mostly silicate inclusions. The cuticle is superimposed wax sticks. The rhizodermis is differentiated into long and short cells.

The commelinids are relatively strongly derived forms. The palms, for example, form tree-like structures (but without secondary growth in thickness ). Palms and the grassy ones are mostly wind-flowered ( anemophilia ). This goes hand in hand with a reduction in the size of the flowers and, in particular, the flower envelope, but also an increase in the number of flowers and the formation of large inflorescences . Essentially, the flower corresponds to the basic plan of the monocot, so it is threefold with a double flower envelope , which is usually of the same type ( perigon ). Based on this, there are then various reductions in the flower envelope and in the androeceum in the wind-blooming clans .

Systematics

The commelinids are a group of monocotyledons . Her sister group are the Asparagales . There are four orders of the Commelinids:

The commelinids themselves are a monophyletic group. The orders are also monophyletic, their relationship to one another is as follows:



Arecales


   

Poales


   

Commelinales


   

Zingiberales





literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 181, No. 1, 2016, pp. 1-20, doi: 10.1111 / boj.12385 (English).
  2. ↑ Craig F. Barrett et al .: Plastid genomes reveal support for deep phylogenetic relationships and extensive rate variation among palms and other commelinid monocots . In: New Phytologist. Volume 209, No. 2, 2016, pp. 855-870, doi: 10.1111 / nph.13617 (English).

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