Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

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The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group was a group of botanists led by Mark Chase who worked together on the phylogeny of the flowering plants . The group published four classifications from 1998 to 2016, which quickly prevailed against older classifications. The 2016 publication, APG IV , replaced all previous APG drafts.

Chase started work in the 1980s, but the first attempts failed due to insufficiently powerful computer technology. Only in 1993 was the then Angiosperm Phylogeny Group begin baptized working group with the data collection. In 1995 there were sufficient amounts of data to start an analysis, which led to the first publication in 1998. APG was headed by Mark Chase from Kew Gardens , and the University of Stockholm , the Bergius Stockholm Botanical Garden , the University of Florida , the University System of Maryland and the Missouri Botanical Garden were also involved in the project .

The group's work focuses on orders and families , replacing higher ranks with informal groups such as Monocots, Rosids, Asterids or Commelin (o) ids, which are monophyletic groups but not taxa. Genera or species are only mentioned sporadically. The results of phylogenetic work, most of which were obtained from molecular genetic studies, served as the basis for the classifications. They quickly became a reference for standard works and textbooks such as the Strasburger (36th edition), the "Evolutionary Biology" by Storch, Welsch, Wink or the 2nd edition by Thomas N. Taylor and others. a. "Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants "from 2008.

As part of the further publications in 2003, 2009 (which should initially have been the last) and 2016, the classification was further updated and improved.

Classification APG

The first classification of the bedecktsamer of the APG appeared in 1998 under the title An Ordinal Classification for the Families of Flowering Plants and comprised 462 families in 40 orders. Authors were Arne A. Anderberg, Anders Backlund, Birgitta Bremer , Kåre Bremer , Barbara G. Biggs, Mark W. Chase, Peter K. Endress, Michael F. Fay , Peter Goldblatt , Mats HG Gustafsson, Sara B. Hoot, Walter S. . Judd, Mari Källersjö, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Kathleen A. Kron, Donald H. Les, Cynthia M. Morton, Daniel L. Nick Rent, Richard G. Olmstead , Robert A. Price, Christopher J. Quinn, James E. Rodman , Paula J. Rudall , Peter F. Stevens , Vincent Savolainen , Douglas E. Soltis , Pamela E. Soltis , Kenneth J. Sytsma, and Mats Thulin .

This draft was the modification of a system that was published by Kåre Bremer, Birgitta Bremer and Mats Thulin in the first three editions of their Introduction to phylogeny and systematics of flowering plants from 1995 to 1997 and has also been on the Internet since 1996.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group I, 1998

Not assigned

Monocots

Dicots

Classification APG II

The APG II from 2003 updated the publication from 1998. The changes were manageable, mostly only taxa that had not been assigned before were placed. The system included 457 families in 45 orders. Authors were Arne A. Anderberg, Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, Peter Goldblatt, Walter S. Judd, Mari Källersjö, Jesper Kårehed, Kathleen A. Kron, Johannes Lundberg, Daniel L. Nickrent, Richard G. Olmstead, Bengt Oxelman, J. Chris Pires, James L. Reveal , James E. Rodman, Paula J. Rudall, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, Peter F. Stevens, Vincent Savolainen, Kenneth J. Sytsma , Michelle van der Bank, Kenneth Wurdack , Jenny Q.-Y. Xiang and Sue Zmarzty.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II, 2003

Not assigned

Magnoliids

Monocots

Eudicots

Classification APG III

The final classification, APG III, was announced - also as an update - for 2007/2008 and should only bring minor changes compared to APG II. It was published in October 2009, the main authors were Birgitta Bremer, Kåre Bremer, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, James L. Reveal, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis and Peter F. Stevens. APG III largely resolved the partly uncertain assignments of the previous versions and left only a few taxa unplaced. Compared to its predecessor, the number of unplaced taxa has decreased to 2 families and three genera, in return there were 14 new orders.

In five international workshops organized by David John Mabberley in 2008 during the preparations for the third edition of “ Mabberley's Plant-book ”, the proposal “bracketed taxa” introduced by APG I and II was discussed beforehand . These bracketed taxa made it possible to propose a family in two versions, namely a comprehensive version and a version divided into several individual families. In cases in which the research status was ambiguous, this should leave room for individual preferences. As a result of these discussions and a meeting of experts from herbaria , APG III dispensed with alternative versions that were perceived as uncomfortable in favor of families in their more comprehensive versions.

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III, 2009

Magnoliids

Monocots

Commelinids

Probable sister group of the Eudicotyledons

Eudicotyledons

Nucleus eudicotyledons

Rosids
Eurosiden I (Fabids)
Eurosiden II (malvids)
Asterids
Asterids I (lamiids)
Asterids II (campanulids)

Taxa of uncertain position

Classification APG IV

Basal orders

Mesangiosperms

Monocotyledons (monocotyledons)

Probable sister group of the eudicotyledons

Eudicotyledons

incertae sedis

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV . In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 181, No. 1, 2016, pp. 1-20, doi: 10.1111 / boj.12385 (English).
  2. ↑ a b c Homepage of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group at Kew Gardens ( Memento from June 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 27, 2009 (English)
  3. ↑ Anna Pavord: The Naming of Names. Bloomsbury, New York 2005, ISBN 1596910712 , p. 402.
  4. ^ A b c The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An Ordinal Classification for the Families of Flowering Plants . In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 85 , no. 4 , 1998, pp. 531–553 , doi : 10.2307 / 2992015 (English, full text on researchgate.net [PDF; 402 kB ]).
  5. ^ A b The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 141, No. 4, 2003, pp. 399-436, doi: 10.1046 / j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x (English).
  6. ↑ a b c The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x (English).
  7. ↑ See also Classification of flowering plants Updated September 1997 ( Memento from January 11, 1998 in the Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ a b c d e Discussed splitting off a subset as a separate family
  9. ↑ a b c As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants. Linnean Society press release , October 8, 2009, accessed October 30, 2009

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