Hydrolea
| Hydrolea | ||||||||||||
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American water blue ( Hydrolea spinosa ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Hydroleaceae | ||||||||||||
| Bercht. & J. Presl | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Hydrolea | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Hydrolea are the only genus of the plant family of Hydroleaceae within the order of the nightshade-like (Solanales). 11 to 20 species are widespread in the Paleotropic and Neotropical .
Description and ecology
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The Hydrolea species are usually herbaceous perennials ; they are seldom low subshrubs . Some species are marsh plants . The alternate leaves are simple and have a smooth or serrate edge.
The flowers stand alone or in zymose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are fused at the base. The mostly bell-shaped fused petals are mostly blue or white, rarely purple. There is only one circle with five stamens . Two (rarely three) carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The pollination is effected by Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) ( Entomophilie ).
The capsule fruits usually contain numerous (10 to 50) seeds.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Hydrolea was established by Carl von Linné in 1762 . The genus Hydrolea is the only one in the Hydroleaceae family . The Hydroleaceae family was established by Bedřich Všemír von Berchtold and Jan Svatopluk Presl . The genus Hydrolea was often led in the families Boraginaceae or Hydrophyllaceae .
The Hydroleaceae are common in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa and the Neotropics .
The genus Hydrolea includes 11 to 20 species:
- Hydrolea brevistyla Verdc. : It was first described from Zambia and Tanzania.
- Hydrolea corymbosa J.F. Macbr. ex Ell.
- Hydrolea elatior bulkhead
- Hydrolea elegans A.W.Benn.
- Hydrolea floribunda Kotschy & Peyr. : It was first described from tropical Africa.
- Hydrolea glabra Schumach. & Thonn.
- Hydrolea macrosepala A.W.Benn.
- Hydrolea megapotamica Spreng
- Hydrolea multiflora Mart.
- Hydrolea ovata Nutt. : It occurs in Missouri, Texas, and the southeastern United States.
- Hydrolea paludosa A.W.Benn.
- Hydrolea prostrata Exell
- Hydrolea sansibarica Gilg
- American water blue ( Hydrolea spinosa L. ): It occurs in Texas, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica and in South America and is a neophyte in Sri Lanka and Java. Its chromosome number is 2n = 40.
- Hydrolea uniflora Raf. : It was first described from Louisiana.
- Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl : It occurs in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Taiwan and China and is a neophyte in Tanzania.
No longer counted in this genus and family:
- Hydrolea urens Ruiz & Pav. => Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth (Boraginaceae)
literature
- Hydroleaceae on the AP website. (Sections systematics and description)
- Hydrophyllaceae at DELTA von Watson and Dallwitz: Families of flowering plants . (Section description)
- Ruizheng Fang, Constance Lincoln: Hydrophyllaceae R. Brown. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae. Science Press et al., Beijing et al. 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 , p. 328: Hydrolea. (same text online as the printed work).
- Claudia Erbar, Stefan Porembski, Peter Leins: Contributions to the systematic position of Hydrolea (Hydroleaceae) based on floral development. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution. Vol. 252, No. 1/2, 2005, ISSN 0378-2697 , pp. 71-83, doi : 10.1007 / s00606-004-0263-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Hydrolea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- ^ Hydrolea spinosa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- The genus in the Western Australian flora . (engl.)
- Hydrolea on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Photo of Hydrolea ovata
