United States Department of Agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture | |
---|---|
Set up: | February 9, 1889 |
Seat: | Jamie L. Whitten Building , Washington, DC |
Supervisory authority: | President of the United States |
minister | Sonny Perdue |
Deputy | Stephen Censky |
Household: | $ 19.4 billion (2006) |
Employees: | 109,832 (2004) |
Homepage: | usda.gov |
The United States Department of Agriculture (amtl. United States Department of Agriculture , abbreviated USDA ) is part of the Federal Government of the United States and is headquartered in Washington, DC (1400 Independence Ave., SW). The main building is on the north side of Independence Avenue and is opposite the South Building, which was built in the 1930s . It is primarily concerned with the issues of agriculture and agriculture .
history
The authority was founded in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln after it was originally located as a small office in the patent office and mainly collected and distributed new seeds and plants there. Over time, statistics on crop yields and fertilization methods were added, and since almost every second American was a farmer at the time, the need for a new, separate ministry soon arose.
Lincoln created the Bureau of Agriculture , headed by a commissioner without cabinet status, and called it the People's Department . In 1889 it became what is now the US Department of Agriculture. In 1942, the Department's press department alone had 711 permanent and 20,543 part-time employees, costing US taxpayers $ 11.9 million a year in salaries and printing. It now has around 110,000 employees.
tasks
With a budget of 94.6 million dollars ( fiscal year 2006), this ministry represents the concerns of farmers and farmers , is responsible for food security and the regulation of the agricultural market , forest and landscape protection , agricultural science and research and for the economic development of the rural America. It also promotes healthy eating and fights hunger both within the United States and abroad.
The post-September 11, 2001 terrorist threat raised concerns that terrorists might attack the food chain, and a report published in July 2005 once again demonstrated the vulnerability of the system. As a result of this fact, the Ministry of Agriculture has moved into the center of the prevention of terrorism and several programs have been started to raise awareness among employees, manufacturers and food processors, and to intensify cooperation with the Ministry of Internal Security .
In 2006, the department hit the headlines for removing the term hunger in its latest annual report on food supplies to the US population and replacing it with the euphemistic term " very low food security" . According to the report, 12% of Americans, over 35 million people, belong to the group at risk from very low food security.
The US Department of Agriculture reported monthly on the needy US citizens who took advantage of the state food program SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). Approximately 43 million US citizens received the modern version of the Food Stamps in October 2010 , groceries by credit card for an average of $ 133.76 per person per month, based on the state's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) . As of January 2006, the increase was about 16 million.
Subordinate authorities
- Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
- Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP)
- Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES)
- Economic Research Service (ERS)
- Farm Service Agency (FSA)
- Food and Nutrition Service (FNS)
- Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)
- Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS)
- Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA)
- National Agricultural Library (NAL)
- National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
- Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
- Office of Community Development (OCD)
- Risk Management Agency (RMA)
- Rural Housing Service (RHS)
- United States Forest Service (German Forest Administration of the United States)
List of Agriculture Ministers
No. | image | Surname | State | Term of office from |
Term of office until |
in the President's Cabinet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Norman Jay Colman | Missouri | February 15, 1889 | March 6, 1889 | Grover Cleveland | |
2 | Jeremiah McLain Rusk | Wisconsin | March 6, 1889 | March 6, 1893 | Benjamin Harrison | |
3 | Julius Sterling Morton | Nebraska | March 7, 1893 | March 5, 1897 | Grover Cleveland | |
4th | James Wilson | Iowa | March 6, 1897 | March 5, 1913 |
William McKinley , Theodore Roosevelt , William Howard Taft |
|
5 | David Franklin Houston | Missouri | March 6, 1913 | February 2, 1920 | Woodrow Wilson | |
6th | Edwin Thomas Meredith | Iowa | February 2, 1920 | March 4, 1921 | ||
7th | Henry Cantwell Wallace | Iowa | March 5, 1921 | October 25, 1924 |
Warren G. Harding , Calvin Coolidge |
|
8th | Howard Mason Gore | West Virginia | November 22, 1924 | March 4, 1925 | Calvin Coolidge | |
9 | William Marion Jardine | Kansas | March 5, 1925 | March 4, 1929 | ||
10 | Arthur Mastick Hyde | Missouri | March 6, 1929 | March 4, 1933 | Herbert Hoover | |
11 | Henry Agard Wallace | Iowa | March 4, 1933 | 4th September 1940 | Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
12 | Claude Raymond Wickard | Indiana | September 5, 1940 | June 29, 1945 | Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman |
|
13 | Clinton Presba Anderson | New Mexico | June 30, 1945 | May 10, 1948 | Harry S. Truman | |
14th | Charles Franklin Brannan | Colorado | June 2, 1948 | January 20, 1953 | ||
15th | Ezra Taft Benson | Idaho | January 21, 1953 | January 20, 1961 | Dwight D. Eisenhower | |
16 | Orville Lothrop Freeman | Minnesota | January 21, 1961 | 20th January 1969 |
John F. Kennedy , Lyndon B. Johnson |
|
17th | Clifford Morris Hardin | Nebraska | January 21, 1969 | 17th November 1971 | Richard Nixon | |
18th | Earl Lauer Butz | Indiana | 2nd December 1971 | 4th October 1976 | Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford |
|
19th | John Albert Knebel | Oklahoma | 4th November 1976 | 20th January 1977 | Gerald Ford | |
20th | Robert Selmer Bergland | Minnesota | January 23, 1977 | January 20, 1981 | Jimmy Carter | |
21st | John Rusling Block | Illinois | January 23, 1981 | February 14, 1986 | Ronald Reagan | |
22nd | Richard Edmund Lyng | California | March 7, 1986 | January 21, 1989 | ||
23 | Clayton Keith Yeutter | Nebraska | February 16, 1989 | March 1, 1991 | George Bush | |
24 | Edward Rell Madigan | Illinois | March 8, 1991 | January 20, 1993 | ||
25th | Alphonso Michael Espy | Mississippi | January 22, 1993 | December 31, 1994 | Bill Clinton | |
26th | Daniel Robert Glickman | Kansas | March 30, 1995 | January 19, 2001 | ||
27 | Ann Margaret Veneman | California | January 20, 2001 | January 20, 2005 | George W. Bush | |
28 | Michael Owen Johanns | Nebraska | January 21, 2005 | September 20, 2007 | ||
29 | Edward Thomas Schafer | North Dakota | January 28, 2008 | January 20, 2009 | ||
30th | Thomas James Vilsack | Iowa | January 20, 2009 | 20th January 2017 | Barack Obama | |
31 | Sonny Perdue | Georgia | April 25, 2017 | officiating | Donald Trump |
See also
Web links
- Official website (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elizabeth Williamson: Some Americans Lack Food, but USDA Won't Call Them Hungry . In: The Washington Post . November 16, 2006 ( washingtonpost.com [accessed on August 5, 2016]).
- ^ Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). In: usda.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2016 .