Paleotropic
The Paleotropic is a biogeographical great region and represents both a flora kingdom and a fauna kingdom . It includes the tropical and subtropical areas of the Old World , thus almost all of Africa, India and Southeast Asia.
Florentine
The paleotropic flora kingdom has different borders than the fauna kingdom. The flora also includes the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula , but not the Cape ( Capensis ). In the east, New Guinea is included, but not Polynesia , which is part of the oceanic flora kingdom .
Characteristic taxa (Flore elements of the plant geographical unit) are annonaceous (Annonaceae) combretaceae (Combretaceae), dipterocarpaceae (Dipterocarpaceae) myristicaceae (Myristicaceae) pandanaceae (Pandanaceae) sterculioideae (Sterculioideae), dragon trees ( Dracaena ) and Sansevieria ( Sansevieria ).
The palaeotropic is divided into two (three) sub-areas:
- African sub-kingdom (with the flora region Madagascar)
- Indomalayan Sub-Empire (with New Guinea)
- Partly, Polynesia is added as a sub-kingdom of the Paleotropic.
Faunal
The Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula do not belong to the fauna kingdom, but the Cape region. In Southeast Asia some of the Indonesian islands belong to the fauna kingdom Wallacea , the transition area to Australis .
The fauna kingdom is divided into two regions:
-
Ethiopis (sub-Saharan Africa and southern Arabia). Typical representatives are among the fishes pike , Mormyridae and the lungfish ( Protopterus ); the clawed frogs ( Xenopus ); among the birds the Struthionidae , guinea fowl , secretaries , turacos and mouse birds ; among the mammals the hyrax , hippopotamus , gold mole , giraffes , gazelles and galagos . Ethiopis is divided into two sub-regions:
- African sub-region
- Madagascar (Madagascar, Comoros, Seychelles and Mascarene Islands). Characteristic animals are the Lappenpittas ( Philepittidae ), Tenreks ( Tenrecidae ), lemurs ( Lemuriformes ) and Malagasy predators ( Eupleridae ).
- Orientalis (with India, rear India and parts of the Indomalayic archipelago). Characteristic representatives are the gavials , the fairy-bluebird (Irenidae) and among the mammals, the civets , tree shrews , tarsiers , the sun bear , tigers , clouded leopards and gibbons .
supporting documents
- HJ Müller: Ecology . 2nd edition, Gustav Fischer, Jena 1991, p. 132ff. ISBN 3-334-00398-1
- P. Sitte, EW Weiler, JW Kadereit, A. Bresinsky, C. Körner: Strasburger - textbook of botany for universities . 35th edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, p. 986, ISBN 3-8274-1010-X
- H. Walter, S.-W. Breckle: Ecology of the Earth. Volume 1: Basics. 2nd edition, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1991, p. 11 f. ISBN 3-437-20454-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ H. Walter, S.-W. Breckle: Ecology of the Earth. Volume 1: Basics.