Dragon trees
Dragon trees | ||||||||||||
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Canarian Dragon Tree ( Dracaena draco ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Dracaena | ||||||||||||
Vand. ex L. |
The dragon trees ( Dracaena , of Greek δράκαινα , the female dragon, Syn. : Pleomele . Salisb , Terminalis . Medik ) form a plant kind from the family of asparagus plants (Asparagaceae). The best known species is the Canarian dragon tree ( Dracaena draco ).
description
Dragon trees are not real trees because they have an atypical growth in thickness ; they are tree-shaped life forms that have a self-supporting woody trunk. The stems can be branched or unbranched. Due to the special fiber connection with atypical growth in thickness, the side branches can only branch off at a small angle to the main trunk (typically <35 °). The parallel- veined leaves are usually sword-shaped, linear to lanceolate, but in some species the leaf blade can also be elliptical. Only a few species have a short petiole, such as Dracaena elliptica .
The terminal, spiked inflorescence is usually branched. The hermaphrodite flowers are threefold, fragrant and bloom at night. The six uniform and mostly whitish colored bracts ( tepals ) are cylindrical, bell-shaped or fused tubular. The flower tube is short. There are six stamens . The three pistils have become a top permanent ovary grown. Orange to purple colored berries with one to three seeds are formed.
Systematics and distribution
In the genus of the dragon trees ( Dracaena ) about 50 to 150 species are distinguished (the number varies greatly according to different authors, by more than 60 species, but only if the species of the genus Sansevieria are also included). The genus has a very wide natural distribution in the tropics and subtropics . Most of the species have their home in the tropics of the Old World ( Palaeotropis ), i.e. Asia and Africa. There are two species on the Canary Islands ( Dracaena draco on Gran Canaria , La Palma and Tenerife and the extremely rare Dracaena tamaranae on Gran Canaria) and one species each in southwest Morocco ( Dracaena draco subsp. Ajgal ), in Central America ( Dracaena americana ) and in Cuba ( Dracaena cubensis ).
In 2018, the species of the genus Sansevieria were added to Dracena by Byng and Christenhusz . So far, this subheading includes the following species:
- Dracaena acaulis Baker
- Dracaena acutissima Hua
- Dracaena adamii Hepper
- Dracaena afromontana Mildbr.
- Dracaena aletriformis (Haw.) Bos , home: South Africa.
- Dracaena americana Donn.Sm , home: Central America.
- Dracaena angustifolia (medic.) Roxb.
- Dracaena arborea (Willd.) Link , homeland: West and Central Africa, Angola.
- Dracaena arborescens (Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh. : Kenya and Tanzania
- Dracaena aubryana Brongn. ex E. Morren , home: West Africa.
- Dracaena aurea H. Mann , home: Hawaii.
- Dracaena bequaertii De Wild.
- Dracaena bicolor hook.
- Dracaena borneensis (Merr.) Jankalski
- Dracaena brachyphylla short
- Dracaena brachystachys Hook.f.
- Dracaena braunii Engl. , Home: Cameroon.
- Dracaena breviflora Ridl.
- Dracaena bueana Engl.
- Dracaena buettneri Engl.
- Dracaena calocephala Bos
- Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep.
- Dracaena camerooniana Baker
- Dracaena cantleyi Baker
- Dracaena cerasifera Hua
- Dracaena chiniana I.M.Turner
- Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. , Homeland: Socotra.
- Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) SCChen
- Dracaena concinna Kunth , home: Mauritius.
- Dracaena conferta Ridl.
- Dracaena congoensis Hua
- Dracaena cristula W.Bull
- Dracaena cubensis Vict. , Home: Cuba.
- Dracaena curtisii Ridl.
- Dracaena cuspidata Ridl.
- Dracaena cuspidibracteata Engl.
- Dracaena densifolia Baker
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Canarian dragon tree ( Dracaena draco (L.) L. ). With the subspecies:
- Dracaena draco subsp. ajgal Benabid & Cuzin , homeland: Morocco (Anti-Atlas).
- Dracaena draco subsp. draco , home: Canaries, Cape Verde
- Dracaena ellenbeckiana Engl.
- Dracaena elliptica Thunb. & Dalm. , Home: India, Sumatra, Java.
- Dracaena fernaldii (H.St.John) Jankalski
- Dracaena finlaysonii Baker
- Dracaena floribunda Baker
- Dracaena fontanesiana Schult. & School f.
- Dracaena forbesii (O.Deg.) Jankalski
- Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. , Homeland: tropical Africa.
- Dracaena gabonica Hua
- Dracaena glomerata Baker
- Dracaena goldieana W. Bull ex Mast. & Moore , home: Nigeria, Central Africa.
- Dracaena granulata Hook.f.
- Dracaena griffithii rule
- Dracaena halaapepe (H.St.John) Jankalski
- Dracaena halemanuensis Jankalski
- Dracaena hewittii Ridl.
- Dracaena hokouensis G.Z.Ye
- Dracaena hosei (Ridl.) Jankalski
- Dracaena impressivenia Yu H.Yan & HJGuo
- Dracaena jayniana Wilkin & Suksathan : It occurs in Thailand. It was first described in 2012.
- Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin
- Dracaena kirkii Baker
- Dracaena konaensis (H.St.John) Jankalski
- Dracaena kupensis Mwachala, Cheek, Eb.Fisch. & Muasya
- Dracaena lancea Thunb. & Dalm.
- Dracaena lancifolia (Ridl.) Jankalski
- Dracaena laxissima Engl.
- Dracaena le-testui Pellegr.
- Dracaena ledermannii Engl. & K.Krause
- Dracaena litoralis Mwachala & Eb. Fish. : It was first described in 2013.
- Dracaena longifolia Ridl.
- Dracaena longipetiolata Mwachala & Eb.Fisch. : It occurs in Gabon . It was first described in 2013.
- Dracaena maingayi Hook.f.
- Dracaena mannii Baker
- Dracaena mokoko Mwachala & Cheek : It occurs in Cameroon. It was first described in 2012.
- Dracaena multiflora Warb. ex Sarasin
- Dracaena novoguineensis Gibbs
- Dracaena nutans Ridl.
- Dracaena nyangensis Pellegr.
- Dracaena oddonii De Wild.
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Dracaena ombet Heuglin ex Kotschy & Peyr. . With the subspecies:
- Dracaena ombet subsp. ombet
- Dracaena ombet subsp. schizantha (Baker) Bos, Sinet , Syn.Dracaena schizantha Baker
- Dracaena ovata Ker Gawl.
- Dracaena pachyphylla short
- Dracaena parviflora Baker
- Dracaena penangensis Ridl.
- Dracaena pendula Ridl.
- Dracaena petiolata Hook.f.
- Dracaena phanerophlebia Baker
- Dracaena phrynioides Hook. , Home: West Africa, Cameroon.
- Dracaena poggei Engl.
- Dracaena porteri Baker
- Dracaena praetermissa Bos
- Dracaena purpurea (Ridl.) Jankalski
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Dracaena reflexa Lam. . With the varieties:
- Dracaena reflexa var. Angustifolia Baker , home: Réunion.
- Dracaena reflexa var. Bakeri (Scott-Elliot) H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Brevituba H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Condensata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Lanceolata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Linearifolia Ayres ex Baker
- Dracaena reflexa var. Nervosa H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Occidentalis H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Parvifolia Thouars ex H. Perier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Reflexa , home: Mauritius.
- Dracaena reflexa var. Salicifolia (Rule) Baker
- Dracaena reflexa var. Subcapitata H.Perrier
- Dracaena reflexa var. Subelliptica H.Perrier
- Dracaena robusta Ridl.
- Dracaena rockii (H.St.John) Jankalski (Syn .: Pleomele auwahiensis H.St.John )
- Dracaena rosulata Mwachala & Eb. Fish. : It occurs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It was first described in 2013.
- Dracaena rubroaurantiaca De Wild.
- Dracaena sarawakensis (WWSm.) Jankalski
- Dracaena scabra Bos
- Dracaena serrulata Baker
- Dracaena siamica Ridl.
- Dracaena singapurensis Ridl.
- Dracaena soyauxiana Baker
- Dracaena spicata Roxb.
- Dracaena steudneri Engl.
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Dracaena surculosa Lindl. , Home: West Africa. With the varieties:
- Dracaena surculosa var. Maculata Hook.f.
- Dracaena surculosa var. Surculosa
- Dracaena talbotii Rendle
- Dracaena tamaranae Marrero Rodr. , Home: Gran Canaria.
- Dracaena terniflora Roxb.
- Dracaena tessmannii Engl. & K.Krause
- Dracaena thwaitesii rule
- Dracaena timorensis Kunth
- Dracaena transvaalensis Baker
- Dracaena umbraculifera Jacq. , Home: Mauritius?
- Dracaena umbratica Ridl.
- Dracaena vanderystii De Wild.
- Dracaena viridiflora Engl. & K.Krause
- Dracaena xiphophylla Baker
- Dracaena yuccifolia Ridl.
swell
- Chen Xinqi, Nicholas J. Turland: Dracaena. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 24: Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2000, ISBN 0-915279-83-5 , pp. 215 (English). PDF file , online .
- Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2: Types and Varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Monocotyledon wood " using the example of Dracaena fragrans .
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dracaena. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Jump up ↑ Paul Wilkin, Piyakaset Suksathan, Kaweesak Keeratikiat, Peter van Welzen, Justyna Wiland-Szymanska: A new species from Thailand and Burma, Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan (Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae). In: PhytoKeys. Volume 26, 2013, pp. 101-112, doi: 10.3897 / phytokeys.26.5335 .