Asparagus plants
| Asparagus plants | ||||||||||||
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Asparagus herb of the vegetable asparagus or garden asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Asparagaceae | ||||||||||||
| Yuss. |
The family of asparagaceae (Asparagaceae) belongs to the order of asparagus-like (Asparagales) within the monocots . It can be found worldwide. The best-known food plant is the vegetable asparagus or garden asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ); next to it are the agaves , whose juice is used to make tequila . Some species are ornamental plants for parks, gardens and spaces.
description
They are perennial herbaceous plants or woody plants: shrubs or lianas . In many species, the leaves are reduced and the stems take on the task of photosynthesis. The perennial herbaceous species have rhizomes as persistent organs. If there are leaves then they are alternate, simple, parallel-veined and entire. The leaves are often only scaly and membranous. Stipules are missing.
The flowers stand alone or in completely different inflorescences . The small, threefold flowers are hermaphroditic or unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual then the plants can be monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ) separately sexed. There are six equally protean bloom cladding exist, their color is green, white, yellow, brown, reddish, purple or blue. There are two circles with three stamens each; they are free to each other but fused with the base of the bracts. In the hermaphrodite and male flowers, all of the stamens are fertile . The female flowers have staminodes and septal nectaries . Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The stylus is at most as long as the ovary. There are berries formed.
Systematics
The molecular genetic investigations in the last ten years have led to the fact that the family boundaries within the order of the Asparagales have shifted significantly. The asparagus plants (Asparagaceae s. L.) Now contain the taxa of the former families Agavaceae , Aphyllanthaceae , hyacinth plants (Hyacinthaceae), Laxmanniaceae , butcher's broom plants (Ruscaceae) and Themidaceae . The name Asparagaceae was published by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum on page 40 in 1789 . The type genus is Asparagus L.
Due to the rules of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), some surnames could not be adopted for the subfamilies. The hyacinth plants , the previous Hyacinthaceae, could not be renamed "Hyacinthoideae" because the older, albeit unfamiliar name Scilloideae has priority .
The asparagus family (Asparagaceae) contains seven subfamilies with around 150 genera and around 2500 species:
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Aphyllanthoideae Lindl. : It contains only one type:
- Rush Lily ( Aphyllanthes monspeliensis L. ): It is widespread in the Mediterranean region.
- Brodiaeoideae grape : It contains ten to twelve genera.
- Scilloideae Burnett : It contains four tribes with numerous genera.
- Agavoideae Herb. : It contains about 18 genera.
- Lomandroideae Thorne & Reveal : It contains 14 to 15 genera.
- Asparagoideae Burmeist. : It contains only two genera with about 225 species.
- Nolinoideae Burnett : It contains 24 to 30 genera.
supporting documents
literature
- Mark W. Chase, James L. Reveal, Michael F. Fay: A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 132-136, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x . (Section systematics)
- The Asparagaceae family on the AP website. (engl.)
- David J. Mabberley: The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1987, ISBN 0-521-34060-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
