Rhizome
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A rhizome ( ancient Greek ῥίζωμα rhizome "ingrained") is in the Botany a mostly underground or densely growing above ground stems system ( "earthborn"). Because of its mostly subterranean location and the numerous sprouting roots , it is often called rhizome .
Layout and function
The rhizome is an underground, horizontally growing stem that is formed by many herbaceous plants . It shows typical features of the shoot system, but no root features . It forms short, thickened internodes , leaf scars and an arrangement of vascular bundles identical to that of the shoot . Roots form sprout. Leaves are created as scaly lower leaves and are often used to store reserve materials (especially starch ), which means that the rhizome can also be used by the plant for wintering in the ground.
The rhizome as part of a medicinal plant ( rhizoma ) can be used for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs .
Examples
Typical rhizomes form, for example, ground elder , wood anemone , bracken and lily of the valley . Further examples are madder , horsetail , sedge , bamboo and many other grasses , many types of iris , flower cane ( canna ) or asparagus , the edible rhizomes ginger , turmeric ( turmeric ), lotus , galangal , the herbs hellebore and violet root , as well as the invasive ones neophytes miscanthus , world Green , knotweed . From a horticultural point of view, ivy and bamboo form particularly aggressive rhizomes.
Rhizome division
In horticultural practice, plants that form a rhizome can easily be propagated vegetatively . The stem axis is divided into several short pieces with a sharp knife, from the buds of which whole plants can grow again. This horticultural technique should not be confused with the division of the cane .
literature
- Joachim W. Kadereit , Christian Körner , Benedikt Kost, Uwe Sonnewald : Strasburger - Textbook of Plant Sciences . 37th edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2014, ISBN 978-3-642-54434-7 , p. 107-108 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-54435-4 .
See also
- Wurzel_ (plant) #Metamorphoses of the roots (Metamorphoses of the roots)
- Sprout axis # metamorphoses of the stem axis (metamorphoses of the stem axis)
- turnip
- Plant tuber
- Rhizotome
