Eucommia ulmoides
| Eucommia ulmoides | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eucommia ulmoides , leaves and flowers. |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Eucommiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Engler | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Eucommia | ||||||||||||
| Olive. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Eucommia ulmoides | ||||||||||||
| Olive. |
The Eucommia ulmoides , also called the Chinese gutta-percha tree or rubber elm, is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Eucommia , the only genus of the family Eucommiaceae from the order of the Garryales . Fossil finds of the genus Eucommia were found in 10 to 35 million year old brown coal deposits in Central Europe and widespread in North America , this shows that this genus had a much greater distribution in the northern hemisphere in the pastwould have. The name gutta-percha tree is also used for the tree species Palaquium gutta and for the genus of gutta-percha trees .
Naming
The botanical name Eucommia is derived from the Greek: eu = beautiful and kómmi = rubber. English common names are: Hardy Rubber tree and Gutta-percha tree .
Spread and culture
The home of Eucommia are only the hilly areas of the southern provinces of Gansu , Guizhou , Henan , Hubei , Hunan , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan , Zhejiang . This species is rare to grow in the wild, but it has been cultivated in China for a long time and is also wild. It grows at altitudes between 100 and 2000 m and between 102–118 ° east and 25–35 ° north.
description
Eucommia ulmoides is a deciduous tree that reaches heights of growth of 15–20 m. Vegetative parts of the plant contain milk sap . The bark is gray-brown. The bark of young twigs is initially yellowish-brown and hairy. The light reddish-brown buds have six to eight scales.
The pointed leaves are alternate and spiral on the branches. The initially hairy and brown, later light green leaf blade is simple, mostly more or less elliptical and 5–15 cm long and about 2.5–7 cm wide. The petiole is 1–2.5 cm long. The leaf margin is serrated or serrated. There are no stipules.
Eucommia ulmoides is dioeciously segregated ( dioecious ). The small flowers are wind pollinated ( anemophilia ). Bracts are missing. The male flowers are too few together and consist of five to twelve free stamens that are one centimeter long with a stamen about one millimeter long on a short androphore. In the solitary female flowers two carpels are a top permanent ovary grown. The ovary has two sitting bilobed stigmas on top . The flowers appear from March to May.
The flat, elliptical, about 2.5–3.5 cm long and 1–1.5 cm wide fruits with a split tip are initially light green, later brownish, short-winged samaras (wing nuts), they look similar to those of elms . The elongated seeds are about 1.5 cm long and 0.3-0.4 cm wide. The fruits ripen from June to November.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
use
The wood is used for shoe and furniture production and as firewood.
Young leaves are eaten. However, the plant parts are slightly poisonous.
The bark contains aucubin and is used medicinally. In Korea, the roasted, charred rind is used to make tea.
The bark of Eucommia ulmoides , called “Du Zhong” or “Tu-chung” in China, is one of the 50 fundamental drugs in Chinese herbalism . It is mainly used for the lower part of the body, especially for the kidneys and liver . A blood pressure lowering effect has been proven. Impotence is treated with it. Flowers and fruits are astringent .
Other ingredients are: cyanidin , saponins , flavonols , kaempferol and quercetin .
All parts of the plant contain latex, which is not in liquid form as the milky sap in the milk tubes, but is solid. Carefully tearing a leaf apart reveals the fine, white, rubbery threads. However, it is not used on a large scale; the polyisoprenes of the “rubber” are trans- configured as in the balata and gutta-percha .
photos
Eucommia ulmoides :
Habitus
bark
leaves
leaves
leaves
tea
literature
- Victor YC Ong, Benny KH Tan: Novel phytoandrogens and lipidic augmenters from Eucommia ulmoides. In: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 7, No. 3, 2007.
- Yu-Fei Wang, Cheng-Sen Li, Margaret E. Collinson, Jian Lin, Qi-Gao Sun: Eucommia (Eucommiaceae), a potential biothermometer for the reconstruction of paleoenvironments. In: American Journal of Botany. 90, 2003, pp. 1-7.
Individual evidence
- ^ Derwent Publications: Thesaurus of Agricultural Organisms. Vol. One: A-M , Chapman & Hall, 1990, ISBN 978-0-412-37290-2 , p. 557.
- ↑ Eucommia ulmoides at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Eucommia ulmoides in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Retrieved on November 6 in 2009.
- The Eucommiaceae family on the Angiosperm Phylogeny website
- The Eucommiaceae family at DELTA (English)
- Eucommia ulmoides in the Flora of China (English)
- Entry in Plants for a Future (English)
- Eucommia ulmoides from Useful Temperate Plants, accessed January 13, 2018.