Leadwort plants

Leadwort plants
	Cape leadwort ( Plumbago auriculata )
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Leadwort plants
Scientific name
	Plumbaginaceae
	Yuss.

The lead root plants (Plumbaginaceae) form a family in the order of the carnation-like (Caryophyllales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida).

Description and ecology

European leadwort ( Plumbago europaea ), illustration by Adolphus Ypey 1813

Vegetative characteristics

They are mostly herbaceous plants with perennial growth , but there are also woody plants: shrubs , rarely lianas (climbing plants). The Plumbaginaceae family consists primarily of xerophytes that occur in semi-deserts and steppes and of halophytes near the beach.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand together in very different inflorescences .

The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused into a five-ribbed tube that ends in five calyx lobes that are significantly shorter than the calyx tube. The five petals are fused or free; if they are free then they are nailed. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens ; they are mostly free except for the genus Aegialitis ; they are epipetal, so they stand in front of the petals, so the outer stamen circle is missing. The five carpels are mostly to upper permanent ovary grown. There are one or five styluses.

There are cap fruits or nuts formed.

ecology

The pollination is usually by insects ( Entomophilie ).

Subfamily Plumbaginoideae: Chinese leadwort ( Ceratostigma plumbaginoides )

Subfamily Plumbaginoideae: Dyerophytum africanum

Subfamily Staticoideae: Dictyolimon macrorrhabdos

Subfamily Staticoideae: Limoniastrum monopetalum

Subfamily Staticoideae: Limonium sinuatum

Subfamily Staticoideae: Plug Herb beach Lilac ( Myriolimon ferulaceum )

Subfamily Staticoideae: Psylliostachys suworowii

Systematics

The Plumbaginaceae family was established by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu .

In the Plumbaginaceae family there are two subfamilies with a total of 27 genera and 836 species:

Subfamily Plumbaginoideae Burnett : It contains four genera and 36 species:

Ceratostigma Bunge : The eightor sospecies occur in tropical Northeast Africa , Southeast Asia , Tibet and China.
Dyerophytum Kuntze (Syn .: Vogelia Lam. ): The only two species occur on Socotra , one species in southwest Africa and one species from Arabia to India .
Plumbagella Spach : It contains only one species:
- Plumbagella micrantha (Ledeb.) Spach : It occurs in Central Asia .
Leadwort ( Plumbago L. ): contains about 24 species, including:
- European leadwort ( Plumbago europaea L. )
- Cape leadwort ( Plumbago auriculata Lam. )

Subfamily Staticoideae Kosteletzky : It contains two tribe and 23 genera:

Tribe Aegialitideae (Link) Peng : It contains only one genus:

Aegialitis R.Br. : The only two mangrove species are common in Australia and the Malay Archipelago .

Tribus Staticeae Bartling : It contains 22 genera with around 800 species:

Hedgehog cushion ( Acantholimon Boiss. ): The approximately 165 species occur from the Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia, including:

Acantholimon androsaceum Boiss.

Grass carnations ( Armeria Willd. , Syn .: Statice L. ): The approximately 90 species thrive in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere and in South America .
Bamiania Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Bamiania pachycormum (Rech. F.) Lincz. : It only occurs in Afghanistan .
Bukiniczia Lincz. (Syn .: Aeoniopsis Rech. F. ): It contains only one species:
- Bukiniczia cabulica (Boiss.) Lincz. : It occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan .
Cephalorhizum Popov & Korovin : The only two species occur in Central Asia.
Ceratolimon M.B. Crespo & MD Lledó : The four species occur in the Mediterranean area.
Chaetolimon (Bunge) Lincz. : The only three species occur in Central Asia.
Dictyolimon Rech. F. : The four or so species occur from Central Asia to India.
Eremolimon Lincz. : The seven or so species occur in Central Asia.
Ghaznianthus Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Ghaznianthus rechingeri (Friday) Lincz. : It only occurs in Afghanistan.
Gladiolimon Mobayen : It contains only one species:
- Gladiolimon speciosissimum (Aitch. & Hemsl.) Mobayen : It occurs in Afghanistan.
Goniolimon Boiss. : The approximately 20 species occur from Russia to Mongolia and northwest Africa .
Ikonnikovia Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Ikonnikovia kaufmanniana (rule) Lincz. : It occurs in Central Asia and northwestern China.
Limoniastrum Fabr. (Syn .: Bubania Girard ): The only two types occur in the Mediterranean area.
Limoniopsis Lincz. : There are about two species from Turkey to the Caucasus region
Beach lilac or abutment joint ( Limonium Mill. , Syn .: Afrolimon Lincz. , Bakerolimon Lincz. , Plegorhiza Molina , statice L. ): There are 200 to 350 species.
Muellerolimon Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Muellerolimon salicorniaceum (F.Muell.) Lincz. : It occurs only in western Australia .
Myriolimon Lledó, Erben & MBCrespo (Syn .: Myriolepis (Boiss.) Lledó, Erben & MBCrespo ): The only two species occur in the Mediterranean area. Including:
- Plug Herb beach Lilac ( Myriolimon ferulaceum (L.) Lledó, Erben & MBCrespo ) (Syn .: Limonium ferulaceum (L.) Kuntze , statice ferulacea L. )
Neogontscharovia Lincz. : The only three species occur in Central Asia and Afghanistan.
Popoviolimon Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Popoviolimon turcomanicum (Lincz.) Lincz. : It occurs in Central Asia.
Psylliostachys (Jaub. & Spach) Nevski : The ten or so species occur from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
Saharanthus M.B.Crespo & MDLledó (Syn .: Caballeroa Font Quer nom. Inval.): It contains only one species:
- Saharanthus ifniensis (Caball.) MBCrespo & MDLledó : It occurs in Morocco and in the northern Sahara .
Vassilczenkoa Lincz. : It contains only one type:
- Vassilczenkoa sogdiana (Lincz.) Lincz. : It occurs in Central Asia and Afghanistan.

swell

The Plumbaginaceae family on the AP website . (Sections systematics and description)
The Plumbaginaceae family at DELTA . (Section description)

Individual evidence

↑ Plumbaginaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
^ David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 .

Web links

Commons : Plumbaginaceae - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[GRIN-1] Plumbaginaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Mabberley2008-2] David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 .