Acantholimone

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Hedgehog cushion
Acantholimon glumaceum, illustration

Acantholimon glumaceum , illustration

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae)
Subfamily : Staticoideae
Genre : Hedgehog cushion
Scientific name
Acantholimone
Boiss.

Hedgehog cushion ( Acantholimon ) is a genus of plants within the leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae). In the 200 Acantholimon styles are from the eastern Mediterranean through Central Asia to the western Tibet spread.

description

Inflorescence of Acantholimon kotschyi with flowers in detail

Vegetative characteristics

Acantholimone species grow as poster - forming subshrubs or dwarf shrubs . Most of the plant specimens are prickly and heavily branched.

At the upper ends of this year's branches, sitting leaves are arranged in a spiral and often form dense leaf rosettes. The leaves also remain withered on the older branches. The leaves in spring can be different from those in summer. The simple leaf blades are mostly linear-triangular, linear-needle-like, almost cylindrical, sub-like; sometimes flat and fairly broad and almost always with a spiky to constricting upper end.

Generative characteristics

In the armpits of the spring leaves at the base of this year's branches, the simple or branched, spiked inflorescences stand on the inflorescence shafts . If the inflorescences are branched, then they are composed of partial inflorescences which are arranged in two rows and each contain one to five flowers. The bracts are significantly shorter than the bracts of the lowest flowers and their edges are membranous. The bottom cover sheet is similar to the carrier sheet and its edge is wide-skinned.

The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . There are two bract circles. The five sepals are almost tubular or mostly fused together like a funnel; the five calyx-lobes are significantly shorter than the five-nerved or five-ribbed, mostly straight or sometimes oblique calyx tube. The five or ten white, pink to purple calyx lobes are broad and dry-skinned. The five petals are only fused at their base. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens ; they are epipetal, so they stand in front of the petals with which the stamens are fused, so the outer stamen circle is missing. The five carpels are a top constant, linear-cylindrical, mostly bare ovary grown. There are five free, mostly bald pens. The scars are hemispherical or almost oblong-headed.

The capsule fruits are elongated-thread-shaped.

Locations

Acantholimone species thrive mainly in mountain regions, especially at medium to high altitudes.

Systematics, botanical history and distribution

The genus Acantholimon was established in 1846 by Pierre Edmond Boissier in Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum Series 1, 7, page 69. Type species is Acantholimon glumaceum (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. The genus name Acantholimon is etymologically derived from the ancient Greek word ákanthos or ákantha for sting, thorn and the shortened form of Limonium , also a genus of the Plumbaginaceae family . Synonyms for Acantholimon Boiss. nom. cons. (Shenzhen ICN Art. 14.4 & App. III) are: Armeriastrum (Jaub. & Spach) Lindl. nom. rej., Statice subg. Armeriastrum Jaub. & Spach.

Boissier called 1846 22 Acantholimon species. Alexander von Bunge published the monograph Die Genus Acantholimon Boiss in 1872 . and lists 83 species. In the revision of the genus Acantholimon by Mobayen in 1964, 119 species are included. Since Moharrek et al. In 2017, Acantholimon sl contains the species of the previous genera Bamiania , Bukiniczia , Chaetolimon , Cephalorhizum , Dictyolimon , Gladiolimon , Popoviolimon and Vassilczenkoa . Acantholimon sl is the sister taxon to the genus Goniolimon . The genus Acantholimon has been divided into sections, this division is also used in Moharrek et al. Doubted in 2017.

The genus Acantholimon belongs to the tribe Staticeae in the subfamily Staticoideae within the family of Plumbaginaceae .

The approximately 200 acantholimon species are distributed from the eastern Mediterranean area (southern Albania , southwestern Greece and Crete ) to western Tibet . The center of biodiversity lies in Southwest and Central Asia , more precisely the eastern Mediterranean and the Irano-Turanian flora region . In Iran there are about 79 species with 5 subtaxa ; of these 84 taxa 65 occur only there. In Turkey there are about 52 species, 10 subspecies and 17 varieties (as of 2007). There are around eleven species in China (as of 1996).

Acantholimon acerosum
Acantholimon armenum
Habit of Acantholimon glumaceum
Acantholimon Hohenackeri
Acantholimon kochyi
Acantholimon libanoticum
Acantholimon majewianum
Acantholimon saravschanicum
Acantholimon ulicinum

There are about 200 Acantholimon typologies:

use

Some species are used as ornamental plants . In the temperate latitudes, Acantholimon glumaceum is suitable in gardens, especially rock gardens.

swell

  • Tse-Hsiang Pen, Rudolf V. Kamelin: Plumbaginaceae : Acantholimon , page 193 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • MH Bokhari: Flora of West Pakistan , Volume 28 - Plumbaginaceae , Stewart Herbarium, Gordon College (and others), Rawalpindi, 1972: online at Tropicos.org. of the Missouri Botanical Garden. (Sections Description and Systematics)
  • P. Hernández-Ledesma, WG Berendsohn, T. Borsch, S. von Mering, H. Akhani, S. Arias, I. Castañeda-Noa, U. Eggli, R. Eriksson, H. Flores-Olvera, S. Fuentes- Bazán, G. Kadereit, C. Klak, N. Korotkova, R. Nyffeler, G. Ocampo, H. Ochoterena, B. Oxelman, RK Rabeler, A. Sanchez, BO Schlumpberger, P. Uotila: A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm or Caryophyllales. In: Willdenowia , Volume 45, Issue 3, 2015, pp. 281–383. doi : 10.3372 / wi.45.45301

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Acantholimon at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Tse-Hsiang Pen, Rudolf V. Kamelin: Plumbaginaceae : Acantholimon , page 193 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 15 - Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1996, ISBN 0-915279-37-1 .
  3. ↑ a b c Acantholimon at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 16, 2017.
  4. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 33 (reprint from 1996).
  5. ^ A b Acantholimon in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
  6. ↑ Alexander von Bunge : The genus Acantholimon Boiss. In: Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. Tome 18, No. 2, St.-Pétersbourg, 1872. scanned.
  7. ^ Mohamed Sadegh Mobayen: Révision taxonomique du genre Acantholimon. Economiste, Téhéran 1964.
  8. ↑ a b c Mostafa Assadi: Distribution patterns of the genus Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae) in Iran. In: Iranian Journal of Botany. Tehran , Volume 12, Issue 2, 2006, pp. 140-120. Full text PDF.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / ijb.areeo.ac.ir  
  9. ↑ a b Farideh Moharrek, Shahrokh Kazempour, Osaloo Mostafa, Assadi Gonzalo, Nieto Feliner: Molecular phylogenetic evidence for a wide circumscription of a characteristic Irano-Turanian element: Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae: Limonioideae). In: The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 184, Issue 3, June 2017. doi : 10.1093 / botlinnean / box033
  10. ↑ a b Hasan Yıldırım, Manuel B. Crespo: Acantholimon riyatguelii (Plumbaginaceae), a threatened new unarmed species from Central Anatolia, Turkey. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 175, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 73-84. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.175.2.2
  11. ↑ a b c d e f M. Doğan, Galip Akaydın: Synopsis of Turkish Acantholimon Boiss. (Plumbaginaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 154, 2007, pp. 397-419. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2007.00663.x
  12. ↑ Farideh Moharrek, Shahrokh Kazempour Osaloo, Mostafa Assadi: Molecular phylogeny of Plumbaginaceae with emphasis on Acantholimon Boiss. based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequences in Iran. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , Volume 57, 2014, pp. 117–127. doi : 10.1016 / j.bse.2014.07.023
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai G. Domina (2011): Plumbaginaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Acantholimon data sheet
  14. ↑ a b c d Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: data sheet with photos at Mittelmeerflora.de .
  15. ↑ Galip Akaydın, Manuel B. Crespo: Acantholimon davisii (Plumbaginaceae), a new specific name for the Turkish endemic A. caryophyllaceum subsp. parviflorum. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 334, 2017, pp. 80–82. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.334.1.13
  16. ^ Yavuz Bağcı, Süleyman Doğu, Galip Akaydın: Acantholimon doganii sp. nov. (Plumbaginaceae) with persistent circinnate leaf bases, a new species from Turkey. In: Nordic Journal of Botany , Volume 27, 2009, pp. 228-231. doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2008.00390.x
  17. ↑ a b Acantholimon in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. Retrieved on 2018-08-24.
  18. ↑ BK Iğci, ST Körüklü, Z. Aytaç: Acantholimon gemicianum (Plumbaginaceae), a new species from Turkey. In: Annales Botanici Fennici , Volume 54, 2017, pp. 83-88. doi : 10.5735 / 085.054.0312
  19. ↑ Galip Akaydin: Acantholimon ibrahimii (Plumbaginaceae), a new species of A. section Staticopsis from the Mediterranean part of Turkey. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 340, Issue 1, February 2018. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.340.1.2
  20. ↑ Leo Jelitto, Wilhelm Schacht: The free-range ornamental shrubs. Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1990, pp. 9-10.
  21. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 43).

Web links

Commons : Acantholimon  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

further reading

  • PH Davis, JR Edmondson: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean islands. Volume 7, Edinburgh University Press, 1982, Acantholimon Boiss. on pp. 478-502.
  • HM Doğan, M. Doğan, Galip Akaydın, F. Celep: Mapping and analyzing the diversity of the genus Acantholimon taxa in Turkey by geographic information systems (GIS). In: Turkish Journal of Botany , Volume 35, 2011, pp. 91–110. doi : 10.3906 / bot-0910-193