Smoke plants

Smoke plants
Hollow Larkspur ( Corydalis cava )
Systematics
Subdivision : Seed plants (Spermatophytina) Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida) Eudicotyledons Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales) Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae) Subfamily : Smoke plants
Scientific name
Fumarioideae
Eaton

The fume family (Fumarioideae) form a subfamily within the plant family of the poppy family (Papaveraceae).

description

There are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They train very different survival organs. In contrast to the other subfamilies of the poppy family (Papaveraceae), the representatives of this subfamily never contain milky sap ; in some species, however, clear sap emerges at the interfaces. The mostly alternate leaves are often composed.

Illustration of the North American species double cap ( Adlumia fungosa )

The hermaphroditic flowers are never radial symmetry . The only two small sepals are scale-shaped. The four petals are in two circles. Characteristic of the subfamily is the deviating formation of the outer or the two outer petals, which are usually spurred . In the case of only one changed petal, zygomorphic flowers ( Fumaria , Corydalis ) arise - convergence to the flowers of the Fabaceae . In the case of two changed petals, two-sided symmetrical flowers ( dicentra ) arise . There are four or six stamens in each flower (this is where the tribes differ). Double capsule fruits or nuts are formed.

Systematics and distribution

The family is divided into two tribes and 15 to 19 genera . It includes around 530 species mainly in the temperate and subtropical areas of the northern hemisphere and in South Africa as a secondary center of development. In Europe there are four genera with 20 species.

• Tribe Fumarieae:
  • Adlumia Raf. ex DC. : With only two types: one in North America and one in Korea.
  • Capnoides Mill.
  • Ceratocapnos Durieu : With:
    • Creeping larkspur ( Ceratocapnos claviculata (L.) Lidén )
  • Larkspur ( Corydalis DC. ): With about 400 species.
  • Cryptocapnos Rech. F.
  • Cysticapnos Mill.
  • Dactylicapnos Wall.
  • Heart flowers ( Dicentra Bernh. )
  • Discocapnos Cham. & Schltdl.
  • Ehrendorferia Fukuhara & Lidén : With two species in western North America.
  • Erdrauch ( Fumaria L. ): With about 55 kinds.
  • Ichtyoselmis Lidén & Fukuhara : With only one species in China and N- Myanmar :
    • Ichtyoselmis macrantha (Oliv.) Lidén & Fukuhara
  • Lamprocapnos Endl. : With only one species in East Asia:
    • Bleeding heart ( Lamprocapnos spactabilis (L.) Fukuhara )
  • Platycapnos (DC.) Bernh.
  • Translucent Corydalis ( Pseudofumaria Medik. )
  • Rupicapnos pomel
  • Meat smoke ( Sarcocapnos DC. )
  • Trigonocapnos Schltr.

• Tribe Hypecoeae, with the only genus:
  • Yellow-eyed or lobed flower ( Hypecoum L. ): With 18 species from the Mediterranean region to western China. They have four stamens.

The subfamily is also referred to as the Fumariaceae family by some authors. There is little doubt about the close relationship. Compared to the other buttercups (Ranunculales) there is a more strongly derived flower structure and they contain similar alkaloids . According to the AP website, the independent position of the smoke plants is not sufficiently justified.

Belonging to the genus Geläugelchen ( Hypecoum ) is handled differently. Many authors put it in a subfamily Hypecooideae in the poppy family (Papaveraceae) or as a separate tribe Hypecoeae in the Fumarioideae.

photos

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  Creeping Larkspur ( Ceratocapnos claviculata )

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  Tendril fume ( Fumaria capreolata )

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  Hypecoum procumbens

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  Bleeding heart ( lamprocapnos spectabilis )

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  Sarcocapnos enneaphylla

swell

• The family of Papaveraceae in APWebsite (English)
• Description of the Fumariaceae with the rank of a family at DELTA. (English)
• Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Magnus Lidén, Tatsundo Fukuhara, Johan Rylander, Bengt Oxelman: Phylogeny and classification of Fumariaceae, with emphasis on Dicentra sl, based on the plastid gene rps16 intron . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution . tape 206 , no. 1-4 , March 1997, pp. 411-420 , doi : 10.1007 / BF00987960 .
2. ↑ ANGIOSPERM PHYLOGENY WEBSITE ( English ) Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 29, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Papaveraceae  - Collection of Images

• Description of the Fumarioideae in the rank of a subfamily in the Flora of China. (English)
• Description of the family rank Fumariaceae in the Flora of Pakistan. (English)
• Description of the family rank Fumariaceae in the Flora of North America. (English)
• Types at Plants for a Future. (English)