Buttercups
| Buttercups | ||||||||||||
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Wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Ranunculales | ||||||||||||
| Dumort. |
The buttercups (Ranunculales) are an order of the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida). They are the most basic order of the eudicotyledons .
description
The order of the Ranunculales includes woody and herbaceous plants . The leaves are often divided.
The flower organs are often numerous, the arrangement is screwy or whorled. The carpels are often free. In the order, the petals are likely to have arisen several times independently of one another from stamens : Only one vascular bundle leads into the petals, the petals are in the same para-stitches as the stamens and resemble them in their early development. They are also often shield-shaped. The pollen are as with all Eudikotylen tricolpate or derived from this form.
They are particularly characterized by a wide range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids . Oil cells are absent from this order.
Systematics
The Ranunculales are at the base of the eudicotyledons and are the sister group of all other eudicotyledons. The oldest fossils are around 70 million years old members of the Menispermaceae, but the age of the group is estimated to be 120 million years.
The order includes seven families:
- Barberry family (Berberidaceae)
- Circaeasteraceae
- Beautiful elm family (Eupteleaceae)
- Finger fruit family (Lardizabalaceae)
- Moon seed family (Menispermaceae)
- Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
- Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
The cladogram looks like this:
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swell
- The order of the Ranunculales on the AP website. (engl.)
- Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner , Joachim W. Kadereit , Gunther Neuhaus , Uwe Sonnewald : Textbook of botany . Founded by Eduard Strasburger . 36th edition. Spectrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-1455-7 .
- Wei Wang, An-Ming Lu, Yi Ren, Mary E. Endress, Zhi-Duan Chen: Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data . In: Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics . tape 11 , no. 2 , 2009, ISSN 1433-8319 , p. 81–110 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ppees.2009.01.001 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group : An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, pp. 105-121, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
