Gelaceae family
| Gelaceae family | ||||||||||||
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Gale shrub ( Myrica gale ), female plant with unripe fruits |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Myricaceae | ||||||||||||
| Rich. ex Kunth |
The Gagelstrauchgewächse (Myricaceae) are a family of plants from the order of the beech-like (Fagales). The three or four genera with a total of about 57 species that have ranges almost worldwide, except in Australia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
All species are woody plants: trees or shrubs . They are evergreen or deciduous. They smell aromatic and often contain resin. They usually have shield-shaped, multicellular glandular hairs.
The alternate and spirally arranged leaves are fragrant and aromatic and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf blades are usually simple and entire or, more rarely, irregularly serrate to lobed, only the only type of the monotypical genus Comptonia has deeply indented leaf blades. Stipules are usually missing.
Generative characteristics
The plant species are single- sexed ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ). The lateral, spiky inflorescences are simple or compound and often look like the catkins of the other beech- like. The mostly unisexual flowers are reduced. Bracts are missing. The male flowers are each individually above a bract and usually contain four to eight (one to 20) stamens with thin, short, free or at most fused stamens at their base and upright anthers. The female flowers are individually or in pairs to four over a bracts and usually two to four cover pages and include two carpels , to a mostly single-chamber ovary grown, the only one basal, erect, orthotropic ovule has. There is at most a short stylus and always two scars.
The drupes or nuts are smooth or covered with warts, which often have a wax layer. The endocarp is hard. The fruits are sometimes encased in durable bracts and bracts. The seeds contain almost no endosperm and the straight embryo has two fleshy, plano-convex cotyledons ( cotyledons ).
ecology
There is a symbiosis of roots with nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the Frankia alni species .
The pollination is carried by the wind ( anemophily ).
Systematics
The Myricaceae family was established in 1817 by Louis Claude Marie Richard in Karl Sigismund Kunth : Nova Genera et Species Plantarum , 4th edition, volume 2, p. 16. The type genus is Myrica . A synonym for Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth is Galeaceae Bubani .
There are three genera in the Myricaceae family, two of which are monotypical , with a total of about 57 species:
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Comptonia L'Hér. ex Aiton : It contains only one species:
- Comptonia peregrina (L.) JMCoult. : It is native to North America.
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Canacomyrica Guillaumin : it contains only one species:
- Canacomyrica monticola Guillaumin : This small tree is endemic to New Caledonia in the southern area of Grande Terre and only grows over ultramafic igneous rocks .
- Myrica L. (Syn .: Gale Duhamel and, depending on the author, Morella Lour. ): The approximately 55 species are distributed almost worldwide, they are only absent in Australia and some warm-temperate areas of the Old World.
Since 2005, some botanists have divided the genus Myrica sl into two genera based on the structure of the catkins and fruits: In the genus Myrica s. st. Only a few species remain and most of the species fall into the genus Morella Lour. posed.
swell
- The family of Myricaceae in APWebsite . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- The Myricaceae family at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz. (Section description)
- Allan J. Bornstein: Myricaceae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 . - online with the same text as the printed work . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Anmin Lu, Allan J. Bornstein: Myricaceae , p. 275. In: Wu Zheng-yi & Peter H. Raven (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 4 - Cycadaceae through Fagaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 . - online with the same text as the printed work . (Sections Description and Systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ Myricaceae at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ A b Myricaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Valérie Huguet, Manolo Gouy, Philippe Normand, Jeff F. Zimpfer, Maria P. Fernandez: Molecular phylogeny of Myricaceae: a reexamination of host-symbiont specificity. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 34, Issue 3, 2005, pp. 557-568. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2004.11.018
- ^ J. Herbert: New combinations and a new species in Morella (Myricaceae). In: Novon , 2005, pp. 293-295.
- ↑ Rosalina Berazaín Iturralde, Banessa Falcón Hidalgo: Two new combinations in Morella (Myricaceae) for species of the Cuban Flora. In: Willdenowia , Volume 41, Issue 1, 2011, S, 113-114.
- ↑ Chipem Vashi, Uma Shankar, Arvind K. Misra: A reinstatement and a new combination in Morella subgenus Morella (Myricaceae), with typification of Myrica integrifolia. In: Phytotaxa , Volume 299, Issue 2, March 21, 2017. doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.299.2.5
